3,449
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Who is the (“Ideal”) Victim of Labor Exploitation? Two Qualitative Vignette Studies on Labor Inspectors’ Discretion

&

References

  • Bartels, K.P.R. 2013. “Public Encounters: The History and Future of Face-to-face Contact between Public Professionals and Citizens.” Public Administration 91(2): 469–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2012.02101.x.
  • Bartels, K.P.R. 2014. “Communicative Capacity: The Added Value of Public Encounters for Participatory Democracy.” American Review of Public Administration 44(6): 656–74. doi: 10.1177/0275074013478152.
  • Barter, C. and E. Renold. 2000. “‘I Wanna Tell You a Story’: Exploring the Application of Vignettes in Qualitative Research with Children and Young People.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 3(4): 307–23. doi: 10.1080/13645570050178594.
  • Blumer, H. 1969. “Fashion: From Class Differentiation to Collective Selection.” The Sociological Quarterly 10(3): 275–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1969.tb01292.x.
  • Bouché, V., A. Farrell, and D. E. Wittmer‐Wolfe. 2018. “Challenging the Dominant Frame: The Moderating Impact of Exposure and Knowledge on Perceptions of Sex Trafficking Victimization.” Social Science Quarterly 99(4): 1283–302. doi: 10.1111/ssqu.12492.
  • Bowling, B. and C. Phillips. 2007. “Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search.” The Modern Law Review 70(6): 936–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x.
  • Charman, S. 2019. “Making Sense of Policing Identities: The ‘Deserving’ and the ‘Undeserving’ in Policing Accounts of Victimisation.” Policing and Society: 30(1): 1–17.
  • Christie, N. 1986. “The Ideal Victim.” Pp. 17–30 in From Crime Policy to Victim Policy. Reorienting the Justice System, edited by E. A. Fattah. London: Palgrave Macmillan,
  • Chuang, J. A. 2010. “Rescuing Trafficking from Ideological Capture: Prostitution Reform and Anti-trafficking Law and Policy.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 158: 1655–728.
  • Chuang, J. A. 2014. “Exploitation Creep and the Unmaking of Human Trafficking Law.” American Journal of International Law 108(4): 609–49. doi: 10.5305/amerjintelaw.108.4.0609.
  • Contreras, P. M. 2018. “Human Trafficking of Women and Girls in the United States: Toward an Evolving Psychosocial-historical Definition.” in APA Handbook of the Psychology of Women: Perspectives on Women’s Private and Public Lives. American Psychological Association APA Handbook of the Psychology of Women: Perspectives on Women’s Private and Public Lives, edited by C. B Travis, J. W. White, A. Rutherford, W. S. Williams, S. L. Cook, and K. F. Wyche, 175–193. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Davies, J. 2019. “Market Dynamics of Harm and Labour Exploitation.” in Constructing and Organising Crime in Europe, edited by P.C. Van Duyne, A. Serdyuk, G.A. Antonopoulos, J.H. Harvey, and K. von Lampe, 123–147. Kharkiv: Eleven International Publishing.
  • De Boer, N. and J. Eshuis. 2018. “A Street‐level Perspective on Government Transparency and Regulatory Performance: Does Relational Distance Matter?” Public Administration 96(3): 452–67. doi: 10.1111/padm.12517.
  • De Boer, N., J. Eshuis, and E. H. Klijn. 2018. “Does Disclosure of Performance Information Influence Street‐level Bureaucrats’ Enforcement Style?” Public Administration Review 78(5): 694–704. doi: 10.1111/puar.12926.
  • Epp, C. R., S. Maynard-Moody, and D. P. Haider-Markel. 2014. Pulled Over: How Police Stops Define Race and Citizenship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Farrell, A., J. McDevitt, and S. Fahy. 2008. Understanding and Improving Law Enforcement Responses to Human Trafficking (Final Report. Human Trafficking Data Collection and Reporting Center Research and Technical Reports). Boston: IRis Northeastern University.
  • Farrell, A., R. Pfeffer, and K. Bright. 2015. “Police Perceptions of Human Trafficking.” Journal of Crime and Justice 38(3): 315–33. doi: 10.1080/0735648X.2014.995412.
  • Fohring, S. 2018. “Revisiting the Non-ideal Victim.” Pp. 195–210 in Revisiting the ‘Ideal Victim’ Developments in Critical Victimology, edited by M. Duggan. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • FRA. 2015. Severe Labour Exploitation: Workers Moving within or into the European Union. Vienna: States’ obligations and victims’ rights.
  • Frohmann, L. 1991. “Discrediting Victims’ Allegations of Sexual Assault: Prosecutorial Accounts of Case Rejections.” Social Problems 38(2): 213–26. doi: 10.2307/800530.
  • Gallagher, A. and E. Pearson. 2010. “The High Cost of Freedom: A Legal and Policy Analysis of Shelter Detention for Victims of Trafficking.” Human Rights Quarterly 32: 73–114. doi: 10.1353/hrq.0.0136.
  • Goffman, E. 1978. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. London: Harmondsworth.
  • Harrits, G. S. 2019. “Using Vignettes in Street-level Bureaucracy Research.” Pp. 392–409 in Research Handbook on Street-Level Bureaucracy: The Ground Floor of Government in Context, edited by P. Hupe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Harrits, G. S. and M. Ø. Møller. 2014. “Prevention at the Front Line: How Home Nurses, Pedagogues, and Teachers Transform Public Worry into Decisions on Special Efforts.” Public Management Review 16(4): 447–80. doi: 10.1080/14719037.2013.841980.
  • Herkes, G. 2018. “The Janus-faced Victimisation in Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking.” in Janus-faces of Cross-border Crime in Europe, edited by P.C. Van Duyne, T. Strémy, J.H. Harvey, G.A. Antonopoulos, and K. von Lampe, 19–47. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing.
  • Hupe, P. 2019. “Conceptualizing Street-level Bureaucracy in Context.” Pp. 31–48 in Research Handbook on Street-Level Bureaucracy: The Ground Floor of Government in Context, edited by P. Hupe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Hupe, P. and M. Hill. 2007. “Street‐Level Bureaucracy and Public Accountability.” Public Administration 85(2): 279–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00650.x.
  • Hupe, P. and M. Hill, Eds. 2015. Understanding Street-level Bureaucracy. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Javaid, A. 2016. “Voluntary Agencies’ Responses To, and Attitudes toward Male Rape: Issues and Concerns.” Sexuality & Culture 20(3): 731–48. doi: 10.1007/s12119-016-9348-z.
  • Jewell, J. O. 2007. Race, Social Reform, and the Making of a Middle Class: The American Missionary Association and Black Atlanta, 1870-1900. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Jilke, S. and L. Tummers. 2018. “Which Clients are Deserving of Help? A Theoretical Model and Experimental Test.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 28(2): 226–38. doi: 10.1093/jopart/muy002.
  • Johnston, A., B. Friedman, and A. Shafer. 2014. “Framing the Problem of Sex Trafficking: Whose Problem? What Remedy?” Feminist Media Studies 14(3): 419–36. doi: 10.1080/14680777.2012.740492.
  • Kenney, J.S. 2002. “Victims of Crime and Labeling Theory: A Parallel Process?” Deviant Behavior 23(3): 235–65. doi: 10.1080/016396202753561239.
  • Kook, K. 2018. ““I Want to Be Trafficked so I Can Migrate!”: Cross-Border Movement of North Koreans into China through Brokerage and Smuggling Networks.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 676(1): 114–34. doi: 10.1177/0002716217748591.
  • Larcombe, W. 2002. “The ‘Ideal’ Victim V Successful Rape Complainants: Not What You Might Expect.” Feminist Legal Studies 10(2): 131–48. doi: 10.1023/A:1016060424945.
  • Leser, J., R. Pates, and A. Dölemeyer. 2017. “The Emotional Leviathan—How Street-Level Bureaucrats Govern Human Trafficking Victims.” Digithum (19): 19–36. doi: 10.7238/d.v0i19.3088.
  • Lima De Perez, J. and G. Vermeulen. 2015. “Considering the Exploitation of Migrants Who Sell Sex: A Case Study of Brazilians in the Iberian Sex Industry.” International Review of Penal Law 1(2): 1–18.
  • Lipsky, M. 1980. Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Littenberg, N. and S. Baldwin. 2017. “The Ignored Exploitation: Labor Trafficking in the United States.” Pp. 67–91 in Human Trafficking Is a Public Health Issue,edited by M. Chisolm-Straker, & Stoklosa, H. Cham: Springer.
  • Loyens, K. 2015. “Law Enforcement and Policy Alienation - Coping by Labour Inspectors and Federal Police Officers.” Pp. 99–114 in Understanding Street-level Bureaucracy, edited by P. Hupe, M. Hill, and A. Buffat. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Lutnick, A. 2016. Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Beyond Victims and Villains. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • May, P. and S. Winter. 2000. “Reconsidering Styles of Regulatory Enforcement: Patterns in Danish Agro‐environmental Inspection.” Law & Policy 22(2): 143–73. doi: 10.1111/1467-9930.00089.
  • Maynard-Moody, S. and M. Musheno. 2000. “State Agent or Citizen Agent: Two Narratives of Discretion.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): 329–58. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272.
  • Maynard‐Moody, S. and M. Musheno. 2012. “Social Equities and Inequities in Practice: Street‐Level Workers as Agents and Pragmatists.” Public Administration Review 72(s1): S16–S23. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02633.x.
  • Maynard-Moody, S. W., M. Musheno, and M. C. Musheno. 2003. Cops, Teachers, Counselors: Stories from the Front Lines of Public Service. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Meyer, S. 2016. “Still Blaming the Victim of Intimate Partner Violence? Women’s Narratives of Victim Desistance and Redemption When Seeking Support.” Theoretical Criminology 20(1): 75–90. doi: 10.1177/1362480615585399.
  • Møller, M.Ø. 2016. “‘She Isn’t Someone I Associate with Pension.’ A Vignette Study of Professional Reasoning.” Professions & Professionalism 6(1): 1–20. doi: 10.7577/pp.1353.
  • Musto, J. 2016. Control and Protect: Collaboration, Carceral Protection, and Domestic Sex Trafficking in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • O’Brien, E. 2019. Challenging the Human Trafficking Narrative: Victims, Villains, and Heroes. London: Routledge.
  • Olson, J. C. 2016. “Race and Punishment in American Prisons.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 51: 123–30.
  • Owens, C., M. Dank, J. Breaux, I. Bañuelos, A. Farrell, R. Pfeffer, and J. McDevitt. 2014. Understanding the Organization, Operation, and Victimization Process of Labor Trafficking in the United States. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
  • Paraciani, R. and R. Rizza. 2019. “When the Workplace Is the Home: Labour Inspectors’ Discretionary Power in the Field of Domestic Work–an Institutional Analysis.” Journal of Public Policy 41(1): 1–16.
  • Paraciani, R. and R. Rizza. 2020. “Ispettori del lavoro e street-level bureaucracy. Gestire le irregolarità lavorative tra spinte isomorfe e spazi discrezionali.” Polis 35(3): 597–620.
  • Paraciani, R. and T. Saruis. 2019. “When the Law Is Not Enough. Caseworkers’ Ideas of Justice in Practices.” Sociologia del lavoro 154: 163–82. doi: 10.3280/SL2019-154009.
  • Patton, M. Q. 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Pires, R. 2008. “Promoting Sustainable Compliance: Styles of Labour Inspection and Compliance Outcomes in Brazil.” International Labour Review 147(2–3): 199–229. doi: 10.1111/j.1564-913X.2008.00031.x.
  • Raaphorst, N. 2018. “How to Prove, How to Interpret and What to Do? Uncertainty Experiences of Street-level Tax Officials.” Public Management Review 20(4): 485–502. doi: 10.1080/14719037.2017.1299199.
  • Raaphorst, N. 2019. “Studying Uncertainty in Decision Making by Street-level Inspectors.” Pp. 11–33 in Inspectors and Enforcement at the Front Line of Government, edited by S. Van de Walle and N. Raaphorst. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan,
  • Raaphorst, N. and S. Groeneveld. 2018. “Double Standards in Frontline Decision Making: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration.” Administration & Society 50(8): 1175–1201.
  • Raaphorst, N. and K. Loyens. 2020. “From Poker Games to Kitchen Tables: How Social Dynamics Affect Frontline Decision Making.” Administration & Society 52(1): 31–56. doi: 10.1177/0095399718761651.
  • Schildt, H., S. Mantere, and J. Cornelissen. 2020. “Power in Sensemaking Processes.” Organization Studies 41(2): 241–65. doi: 10.1177/0170840619847718.
  • Schneider, A. and H. Ingram. 1993. “Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy.” American Political Science Review 87(2): 334–47. doi: 10.2307/2939044.
  • Schwarz, C. 2019. “Human Trafficking and Meaning Making: The Role of Definitions in Antitrafficking Frontline Work.” Social Service Review 93(3): 484–523. doi: 10.1086/705237.
  • Scott, W. R. and G. David. 2015. Organizations and Organizing: Rational, Natural and Open Systems Perspectives. London: Routledge.
  • Spencer, J. 2015. “Human Trafficking Policy Making and the Politics of International Criminal Justice. A Case Study of Sexual Exploitation.” Pp. 291–312 in Corruption, Greed and Crime Money. Sleaze and Shady Economy in Europe and Beyond, edited by P.C. Van Duyne, J. Harvey, G.A. Antonopoulos, K. von Lampe, A. Maljevic, and A. Markovska. Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers.
  • Srikantiah, J. 2007. “Perfect Victims and Real Survivors: The Iconic Victim in Domestic Human Trafficking Law.” Immigration and Nationality Law Review 28: 741–95.
  • Strobl, R. 2010. “Becoming a Victim.” Pp. 3–25 in International Handbook of Victimology,edited by Shoham, S. G., Knepper, P., & Kett, M. London: CRC Press.
  • Thomann, E. 2015. “Is Output Performance All about the Resources? A Fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Street‐level Bureaucrats in Switzerland.” Public Administration 93(1): 177–94. doi: 10.1111/padm.12130.
  • Thomann, E., P. Hupe, and F. Sager. 2018. “Serving Many Masters: Public Accountability in Private Policy Implementation.” Governance 31(2): 299–319. doi: 10.1111/gove.12297.
  • Thomann, E. and F. Sager. 2017. “Hybridity in Action: Accountability Dilemmas of Public and For-profit Food Safety Inspectors in Switzerland.” in Hybridization of Food Governance,edited by Verbruggen P., & Havinga, H. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Ullman, S. E. and J. M. Siegel. 1993. “Victim-offender Relationship and Sexual Assault.” Violence and Victims 8(2): 121–34. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.8.2.121.
  • van de Walle, S. and N. Raaphorst. 2019. “Introduction: The Social Dynamics of Daily Inspection Work.” Pp. 1–10 in Inspectors and Enforcement at the Front Line of Government, edited by S. Van de Walle and N. Raaphorst. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan,
  • van der Woude, M. A., J. P. van der Leun, and J. A. A. Nijland. 2014. “Crimmigration in the Netherlands.” Law & Social Inquiry 39(3): 560–79. doi: 10.1111/lsi.12078.
  • Van Dijk, J. 2009. “Free the Victim: A Critique of the Western Conception of Victimhood.” International Review of Victimology 16(1): 1–33. doi: 10.1177/026975800901600101.
  • Van Kleef, D., T. Steen, and C. Schott. 2018. Informal Socialization in Public Organizations: Exploring the Impact of Informal Socialization on Enforcement Behaviour of Dutch Veterinary Inspectors. Public Administration 97(1): 81–96.
  • Van Meeteren, M. and E. Wiering. 2019. “Labour Trafficking in Chinese Restaurants in the Netherlands and the Role of Dutch Immigration Policies. A Qualitative Analysis of Investigative Case Files.” Crime, Law and Social Change 72(1): 107–24. doi: 10.1007/s10611-019-09853-6.
  • Viuhko, M. 2018. “Hardened Professional Criminals, or Just Friends and Relatives? The Diversity of Offenders in Human Trafficking.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 42(2–3): 177–93. doi: 10.1080/01924036.2017.1391106.
  • Wilks, T. 2004. “The Use of Vignettes in Qualitative Research into Social Work Values.” Qualitative Social Work 3(1): 78–87. doi: 10.1177/1473325004041133.
  • Willis, G. B. 2005. Cognitive Interviewing in Practice: Think-aloud, Verbal Probing, and Other Techniques. Cognitive Interviewing a Tool for Improving Questionnaire Design. London: Sage Publications.
  • Wilson, M. and E. O’Brien. 2016. “Constructing the Ideal Victim in the United States of America’s Annual Trafficking in Persons Reports.” Crime, Law and Social Change 65(1–2): 29–45. doi: 10.1007/s10611-015-9600-8.