References
- Contiera , E. and Folin , M. 1994 . Trace elements nutritional status. Use of hair as a diagnostic tool . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 40 : 151 – 160 .
- Druyan , M. E. , Bass , D. , Puchyr , R. , Urek , K. and Quig , D. W. 1998 . Determination of reference ranges for elements in human scalp hair . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 62 ( 3 ) : 183 – 197 .
- Eltayeb , M. A. and Van Grieken , R. E. 1990 . Iron, copper, zinc and lead in hair from Sudanese populations of different age groups . Sci. Total Environ. , 95 : 157 – 165 .
- Foo , S. C. , Khoo , N. Y. , Heng , A. , Chua , L. H. , Chia , S. E. , Ong , C. N. , Ngim , C. H. and Jeyaratnam , J. 1993 . Metals in hair as biological indices for exposure . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 65 : S83 – S86 .
- Perrone , L. , Moro , R. , Caroli , M. , Di Toro , R. and Gialanella , G. 1996 . Trace elements in hair of healthy children sampled by age and sex . Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. , 51 ( 1 ) : 71 – 76 .
- Taylor , A. 1986 . Usefulness of measurements of trace elements in hair . Ann. Clin. Biochem. , 23 : 364 – 378 .
- Burt , V. L. , Whelton , P. , Roccella , E. J. , Brown , C. , Cutler , J. A. and Higgins , M. 1995 . Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1991 . Hypertension , 25 : 305 – 313 .
- Samal , K. K. , Kar , C. R. and Sinha , A. K. 1990 . Serum zinc and copper levels in acute myocardial infarction . Recent Adv. Nutr. , 2 : 177 – 179 .
- Privitera , J. R. and Stang , A. 1996 . Silent Clots—Life's Biggest Killers 1 – 55 . Covina, CA : The Catacombs Press .
- Chattopadhyay , P. , Joshi , H. and Samaddar , K. 1990 . Hair cadmium level of smoker and nonsmoker human volunteers in and around Calcutta city . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 45 : 177 – 180 .
- Wolfsperger , M. and Hauser , G. 1994 . Heavy metals in human hair samples from Austria and Italy: influence of sex and smoking habits . Sci. Total. Environ. , 156 ( 3 ) : 235 – 242 .
- Mederios , D. M. and Pellum , L. K. 1985 . Evoked potential related to hair, Cd and Pb . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , 425 : 384 – 390 .
- Lauwerys , R. , Bernard , A. , Roels , H. and Buchet , J‐P. 1994 . Cadmium: exposure markers as predictors of nephrotoxic effects . Clin. Chem. , 40 ( 7 ) : 1391 – 1394 .
- Jonnalagadda , S. 1993 . Toxicity, bioavailability and metal speciation . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. , 106 ( 3 ) : 585 – 595 .
- Engvall , J. and Perk , J. 1985 . Prevalence of hypertension among cadmium exposed workers . Arch. Environ. Health. , 40 ( 3 ) : 185 – 190 .
- 1999 . “ DHHS. Toxicological profile for lead. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services ” . Atlanta, GA
- 1989 . “ International Agency for Research on Cancer, Monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: chromium, nickel and welding ” . Vol. 49 , Lyon : IARC .
- Bianchi , V. and Levis , A. G. 1988 . Sci. Total Environ. , 71 : 351
- Smith‐SivertsenLund , T. E. , Thomassen , Y. and Norseth , T. 1997 . Arch. Environ. Health, , 52 ( 6 ) : 464
- Stohs , S. J. and Bagchi , D. 1995 . Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions . Free Radic. Biol. Med. , 18 : 321 – 336 .
- Nawrot , T. S. , Thijs , L. , Den Hond , E. M. , Roels , H. A. and Staessen , J. A. 2002 . An epidemiological reappraisal of the association between blood pressure and blood lead: a meta‐analysis . J. Hum. Hypertens. , 16 : 123 – 131 .
- Kidwell , D. A. , Lee , E. H. and DeLauder , S. F. 2000 . Evidence for bias in hair testing and procedures to correct bias . Forensic Sci. Int. , 107 ( 1–3 ) : 39 – 61 .
- Assarian , G. S. and Oberlease , D. 1977 . Effect of washing procedures on trace element content of hair . Clin. Chem. , 23 : 1771 – 1772 .
- Raghupathy , L. , Harada , M. , Ohino , H. and Naganuma , A. 1988 . Method for removing external metal contamination from hair sample for environmental monitoring . Sci. Total Environ. , 77 : 141 – 151 .
- Salmela , S. , Vuori , E. and Kilpio , J. O. 1981 . The effect of washing procedures on trace element content of human hair . Anal. Chim. Acta , 125L : 131 – 137 .
- Hildebrantm , D. C. and Whitem , D. H. 1974 . Trace element analysis in hair by atomic absorption spectroscopy . Clin. Chem. , 20 : 148 – 151 .
- Kazi , S. , Kazi , T. G. and Kazi , G. H. 1999 . Atomic absorption spectrometric study of copper in biological samples . ACGC Chem. Res. Comm. , 9 : 57
- Kazi , S. , Kazi , T. G. and Kazi , G. H. 1999 . Atomic absorption spectrometric study of Cadmium in human scalp hair and its correlation with hypertensive patients and smokers . Am. Clin. Lab. , 18 ( 7 ) : 8 – 10 .
- Cho , S. Y. , Awh , O. D. , Chung , Y. J. and Chung , Y. J. 1997 . J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. , 217 : 107
- DeMaeyer , E. , Adiels‐Tegman , M. and Raystone , E. 1985 . The prevalence of anemia in the world . World Health Stat. Q. , 38 : 302 – 316 .
- Gillooly , M. 1983 . The effect of organic acids, phytates and polyphenols on absorption of iron from vegetables . Br. J. Nutr. , 49 : 331 – 342 .
- Hallberg , L. , Brune , M. and Rossander , L. 1989 . Iron absorption in man: ascorbic acid and dose‐dependent inhibition by phytate . Am. J. Clin. Nutr , 49 : 140 – 144 .
- Fabris , N. and Mocchegiani , E. 1995 . Zinc, human diseases and aging . Aging (Milano) , 7 ( 2 ) : 77 – 93 .
- Subramanian , R. and Sukumar , A. 1988 . Biological reference materials and analysis of toxic elements . Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. , 332 : 623 – 629 .
- Klevay , L. M. 1974 . Hair as a biopsy material & Geographic variations in the concentrations of zinc . Nut. Rep. Int. , 10 : 181 – 187 .
- Sukumar , A. and Subramanian , R. 1992 . Elements in hair and nails of urban residents of New Delhi. CHD hypertensive and diabetic cases . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 34 : 89 – 97 .
- Arunachalam , J. , Gangadharan , S. and Yengnasubramanian , S. 1979 . “ Elemental data on human hair sampled from Indian student population and their interpretation for studies in environmental exposure in nuclear activation technique in Life Science, 1979 ” . In IAEA‐SM Vol. 227 , 499 – 513 . (24)
- Sukumar , A. and Subramanian , R. 1992 . Elements in hair and nails of residents from a village adjacent to New Delhi: influence of place of occupation and smoking habits . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 34 : 99 – 105 .
- Mertz , W. 1998 . Chromium research from a distance from 1959–1980 . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , 17 : 544 – 547 .
- Chmielnicka , J. and Cherian , M. G. 1986 . Environmental exposure to cadmium and factors affecting trace element metabolism and metal toxicity . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 10 : 243 – 262 .
- Sunderman , F. W. 1988 . Acute nickel toxicity in electroplating workers who accidentally ingested a solution of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 14 : 257 – 266 .
- Doll , R. 1990 . Report of the international committee on nickel carcinogenesis in man . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 16 : 1 – 84 .
- 1993 . “ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for cadmium. U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ” . Atlanta, GA
- 1999 . “ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ” . In Public Health Statement for Cadmium Atlanta, GA : U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services .
- Zuliani , G. , Perin , G. and Rausa , G. 1966 . Determination of organic lead in presence of inorganic lead in the atmosphere surrounding fuel distributors . Med. Lav. , 12 : 771 – 780 .
- Hozharbi , S. 2002 . Lead‐based paint is a hazard to young children: implications for Pakistani children . J. Pak. Med. Assoc. , 5 : 224 – 226 .
- Malinow , M. R. 1996 . Plasma homocyst(e)ine: a risk factor for arterial occlusive diseases . J. Nutr. , 126 : 1238 – 1243 .
- Schroeder , H. A. , Nason , A. P. , Tipton , I. H. and Balassa , J. J. 1967 . Essential trace elements in man: zinc: relation to environmental cadmium . J. Chronic Dis. , 20 : 179
- Staessen , J. A. , Roels , H. and Fagard , R. 1996 . Lead exposure and conventional and ambulatory blood pressure: a prospective population study, PheeCad Investigators . JAMA , 275 ( 20 ) : 1604 – 1606 .