A Compact Spectrophotometer Using Liquid Core Waveguide and Handheld Charge Coupled Device: For Green Method and Ultrasensitive Speciation Analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI)

REFERENCES

• Dallas , T. ; Dasgupta , P. K. Light at the end of the tunnel: Recent analytical applications of liquid-core waveguides . Trends Anal. Chem. 2004 , 23 ( 5 ), 385 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Yao , W. S. ; Byrne , R. H. Determination of trace chromium(VI) and molybdenum(VI) in natural and bottled mineral waters using long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy (LPAS) . Talanta 1999 , 48 ( 2 ), 277 – 282 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• http://biogeneral.com/teflonaf.htm
   Google Scholar
• www.randomtechnologies.com
   Google Scholar
• Waterbury , R. D. ; Yao , W. S. ; Byrne , R. H. Long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy: Trace analysis of Fe(II) using a 4.5 m liquid core waveguide . Anal. Chim. Acta 1997 , 357 ( 1–2 ), 99 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. Z. ; Kelble , C. ; Millero , F. J. Gas-segmented continuous flow analysis of iron in water with a long liquid waveguide capillary flow cell . Anal. Chim. Acta 2001 , 438 ( 1–2 ), 49 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Callahan , M. R. ; Rose , J. B. ; Byrne , R. H. Long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy: Trace copper analysis using a 4.4 m liquid core waveguide . Talanta 2002 , 58 ( 5 ), 891 – 898 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , H. W. ; Cao , Y. B. ; Han , S. B. ; Zhang , H. Q. ; Yu , A. M. ; Jin , Q. H. Two new ways to improve the sensitivity of spectrophotometry . Chin. J. Anal. Chem. 2001 , 29 ( 4 ), 478 – 483 .
   Google Scholar
• Adornato , L. R. ; Kaltenbacher , E. A. ; Villareal , T. A. ; Byrne , R. H. Continuous in situ determinations of nitrite at nanomolar concentrations . Deep Sea Res. I 2005 , 52 ( 3 ), 543 – 551 .
   Google Scholar
• Steimle , E. T. ; Kaltenbacher , E. A. ; Byrne , R. H. In situ nitrite measurements using a compact spectrophotometric analysis system . Mar. Chem. 2002 , 77 ( 4 ), 255 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Byrne , R. H. ; Yao , W. S. ; Kaltenbacher , E. ; Waterbury , R. D. Construction of a compact spectrofluorometer: Spectrophotometer system using a flexible liquid core waveguide . Talanta 2000 , 50 ( 6 ), 1307 – 1312 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teshima , N. ; Li , J. Z. ; Toda , K. ; Dasgupta , P. K. Determination of acetone in breath . Anal. Chim. Acta 2005 , 535 ( 1–2 ), 189 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Q. Y. ; Morris , K. J. ; Dasgupta , P. K. ; Raimundo Jr. , I. M. ; Temkin , H. Portable flow-injection analyzer with liquid-core waveguide based fluorescence, luminescence and long path length absorbance detector . Anal. Chim. Acta 2003 , 479 ( 2 ), 151 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Zheng , C. B. ; He , Y. H. ; Wei , S. Y. ; Hou , X. D. Compact flame atomic absorption spectrometer based on handheld CCD for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in water . J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2005 , 20 ( 1 ), 60 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Kotas , J. ; Stasicka , Z. Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation . Environ. Pollut. 2000 , 107 ( 3 ), 263 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirilgen , N. ; Doğan , F. Speciation of chromium in the presence of copper and zinc and their combined toxicity . Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 2002 , 53 ( 3 ), 397 – 403 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maltez , H. F. ; Carasek , E. Chromium speciation and preconcentration using zirconium(IV) and zirconium(IV) phosphate chemically immobilized onto silica gel surface using a flow system and FAAS . Talanta 2005 , 65 ( 2 ), 537 – 542 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hashemi , P. ; Boroumand , J. ; Fat'hi , M. R. A dual column system using agarose-based adsorbents for preconcentration and speciation of chromium in water . Talanta 2004 , 64 ( 3 ), 578 – 583 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnowski , C. ; Jakubowski , N. ; Stuewer , D. ; Broekaert , J. Speciation of chromium by direct coupling of ion exchange chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1997 , 12 ( 10 ), 1155 – 1161 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsogas , G. Z. ; Giokas , D. L. ; Vlessidis , A. G. ; Evmridis , N. P. A single-reagent method for the speciation of chromium in natural waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry based on vesicular liquid coacervate extraction, Spectrochim . Acta Part B 2004 , 59 ( 7 ), 957 – 965 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobrowski , A. ; Baś , B. ; Dominik , J. ; Niewiara , E. ; Szalińska , E. ; Vignati , D. ; Zarębski , J. Chromium speciation study in polluted waters using catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry and tangential flow filtration . Talanta 2004 , 63 ( 4 ), 1003 – 1012 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Batley , G. E. ; Matousek , J. P. Determination of chromium speciation in natural waters by electrodeposition on graphite tubes for electrothermal atomization. Anal. Chem. 1980, 52(11), 1570–1574.
   Google Scholar
• Yang , W. P. ; Zhang , Z. J. ; Deng , W. Speciation of chromium by in-capillary reaction and capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection . J. Chromatogr. A 2003 , 1014 ( 1–2 ), 203 – 214 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Derbyshire , M. ; Lamberty , A. ; Gardiner , P. H. E. Optimization of the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by ion chromatography with chemiluminescence detection . Anal. Chem. 1999 , 71 ( 9 ), 4203 – 4207 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• He , Y. H. ; Tang , L. ; Wu , X. ; Hou , X. D. ; Lee , Y. I. Spectroscopy: The best way towards green analytical chemistry? Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 2007 , 42 ( 2 ), 119 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An invited paper submitted to a special issue on Green Spectroscopy and Analytical Techniques, organized by Professor Miguel de la Guardia, of the Department of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Spain, and Professor Arabinda Kumar Das, of the Department of Chemistry, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
   Google Scholar