2,155
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research or Treatment Papers

Microscale Physical and Mechanical Analyses of Distemper Paint: A Case Study of Eidsborg Stave Church, Norway

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 54-67 | Received 15 Nov 2020, Accepted 22 Mar 2021, Published online: 21 May 2021

References

  • Bai, T., D. D. Pollard, and H. Gao. 2000. “Spacing of Edge Fractures in Layered Materials.” International Journal of Fracture 103 (4): 373–395.
  • Bosco, E., A. S. Suiker, and N. Fleck. 2020a. “Crack Channelling Mechanisms in Brittle Coating Systems Under Moisture or Temperature Gradients.” International Journal of Fracture 225: 1–30. doi:10.1007/s10704-020-00461-3.
  • Bosco, E., A. S. J. Suiker, and N. A. Fleck. 2020b. “Moisture-Induced Cracking in a Flexural Bilayer with Application to Historical Paintings.” Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 112: 102779.
  • Bratasz, Ł, K. G. Akoglu, and P. Kékicheff. 2020. “Fracture Saturation in Paintings Makes Them Less Vulnerable to Environmental Variations in Museums.” Heritage Science 8 (1): 11.
  • Eumelen, G. J. A. M., E. Bosco, A. S. J. Suiker, A. van Loon, and P. D. Iedema. 2019. “A Computational Model for Chemo-Mechanical Degradation of Historical Oil Paintings Due to Metal Soap Formation.” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 132: 103683.
  • Freeman, A. A., L. De Ferri, J. Mazurek, F. Andriulo, and C. Bertolin. 2021. “A Multi-Analytical Approach for the Characterization of Seventeenth Century Decorative Wall Paintings in two Norwegian Stave Churches: A Case Study at Eidsborg and Heddal, Norway.” Applied Sciences 11 (8): 3477. doi:10.3390/app11083477.
  • Freeman, A., M. Łukomski, and V. Beltran. 2020. “Mechanical Characterization of a Cross-Sectional TiO2 Acrylic-Based Paint by Nano-Indentation.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 59 (1): 27–39. doi:10.1080/01971360.2019.1603062.
  • Fujisawa, N., and M. Łukomski. 2019. “Nanoindentation Near the Edge of a Viscoelastic Solid with a Rough Surface.” Materials & Design 184: 108174.
  • Giorgiutti-Dauphiné, F., and L. Pauchard. 2016. “Painting Cracks: A way to Investigate the Pictorial Matter.” Journal of Applied Physics 120 (6): 065107.
  • Haupt, M., D. Dyer, and J. Hanlan. 1990. “An Investigation Into Three Animal Glues.” The Conservator 14 (1): 10–16.
  • Kremer-Pigmente. Animal Glues - Glues Product Information. Available from: https://shop.kremerpigments.com/elements/resources/products/files/Glues.pdf.
  • Kremer-Pigmente. 2015. 48600 Iron Oxide Red, natural. Safety Data Sheet 2015 08/13/2015 11/28/2019]; Available from: https://www.kremer-pigmente.com/en/pigments/iron-oxide-pigments/1621/iron-oxide-red-natural?number=48600.
  • Kremer-Pigmente. 2017a. Safety Data Sheet 40542 English Red Light. Safety Data Sheet 2017 01/16/2017 11/28/2019]; Available from: https://www.kremer-pigmente.com/en/pigments/earth-pigments/1311/english-red-light?number=40542.
  • Kremer-Pigmente. 2017b. Safety Data Sheet 40545 English Red Deep. Safety Data Sheet 2017 01/16/2017 11/28/2019]; Available from: https://www.kremer-pigmente.com/en/pigments/earth-pigments/1312/english-red-deep?number=40545.
  • Kremer-Pigmente. 2020. 58000 Chalk from Champagne, France. Kremer Pigmente Material Details Sheet 30/09/2020]; Available from: https://www.kremer-pigmente.com/en/pigments/earth-pigments/1312/english-red-deep?number=40545.
  • Krzemień, L., M. Kot, and M. Łukomski. 2018. “Stress Assessment in Artistic Materials Using a Micro-Scratching Technique.” Experimental Techniques 42 (5): 473–479.
  • Krzemień, L., M. Łukomski, Ł. Bratasz, R. Kozłowski, and M. F. Mecklenburg. 2016. “Mechanism of Craquelure Pattern Formation on Panel Paintings.” Studies in Conservation 61 (6): 324–330.
  • Lehne, M., S. Mantellato, A. M. Aguilar Sanchez, and F. Caruso. 2019. “Conservation Issues and Chemical Study of the Causes of Alteration of a Part of the Stave Church in Hopperstad (Norway).” Heritage Science 7 (1): 80.
  • Mecklenburg, M. F., M. McCormick-Goodhart, and C. S. Tumosa. 1994. “Investigation Into the Deterioration of Paintings, and Photographs Using Computerized Modeling of Stress Development.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 33 (2): 153–170.
  • Mecklenburg, M. F., and C. S. Tumosa. 1991. “Mechanical Behavior of Paintings Subjected to Changes in Temperature and Relative Humidity.” In Art in Transit: Studies in the Transport of Paintings, edited by M. F. Mecklenburg, 173–216. Washington, DC: Natl. Gallery Art.
  • Mecklenburg, M. F., C. S. Tumosa, and D. Erhardt. 1998. “Structural Response of Painted Wood Surfaces to Changes in Ambient Relative Humidity.” In: Painted Wood: History and Conservation, edited by V. Dorge and F. C. Howlett, 464–483. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute.
  • Nohava, J., N. Randall, and N. Conté. 2009. “Novel Ultra Nanoindentation Method with Extremely low Thermal Drift: Principle and Experimental Results.” Journal of Materials Research 24 (3): 873–882.
  • Oliver, W. C., and G. M. Pharr. 2004. “Measurement of Hardness and Elastic Modulus by Instrumented Indentation: Advances in Understanding and Refinements to Methodology.” Journal of Materials Research 19 (1): 3–20.
  • Olstad, T. M. 1994. “Mediaeval Wooden Churches in a Cold Climate—Parish Churches or Museums?” Studies in Conservation 39 (sup2): 99–103.
  • Olstad, T. M. 2016. “To the Glory of God and the Church’s Adornment.” In Preserving the Stave Churches. Craftmanship and Research, edited by K. Bakken, 69–90. Oslo: Pax Forlag A/S.
  • Olstad, T., and A. Haugen. 2007. “Warm Feet and Cold Art: Is This the Solution?” In Polychrome Wooden Ecclesiastical Art - Climate and Dimensional Changes, edited by T. Padfield and K. Borchersen, 43–49. Copenhagen: Museum Microclimates.
  • Olstad, T. M., and A. A. Ørnhøi. 2014. Konsolidert limfargedekor i stavkirkene- en oversikt. Vurdering av størlim. Konsolidering av limfarge på tre. Delprosjekt 1, NIKU Oppdragsrapport 62/2014. Oslo.
  • Olstad, T. M., and A. A. Ørnhøi. 2017. “17th and 18th Century Distemper Decorative Paint in Wooden Churches in Norway Painting Technique, Materials and Alteration.” European Journal of Science and Theology 13 (2): 113–126.
  • Olstad, T. M., A. A. Ørnhøi, N. K. Jernæs, L. de Ferri, A. Freeman, and C. Bertolin. 2020. “Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church.” Climate 8 (2): 33.
  • Olstad, T. M., and K. Solberg. 1998. “Eight Seventeenth-Century Decorative Paintings - one Painter?” Studies in Conservation 43 (sup1): 175–179.
  • Rachwał, B., Ł Bratasz, L. Krzemień, M. Łukomski, and R. Kozłowski. 2012. “Fatigue Damage of the Gesso Layer in Panel Paintings Subjected to Changing Climate Conditions.” Strain 48 (6): 474–481.
  • Rivers, S., and N. Umney. 2003. Conservation of Furniture. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780080524641.
  • Salvant, J., E. Barthel, and M. Menu. 2011. “Nanoindentation and the Micromechanics of Van Gogh oil Paints.” Applied Physics A 104 (2): 509–515.
  • Skans, B. 1991. “Analysis and Properties of old Animal Glues.” In Internationaler Graphischer Restauratorentag, 26-30. August 1991, Uppsala, Schweden: Preprints, 7th International Congress of Restorers of Graphic Art, 26th-30th August 1991, edited by J. Palm, and M. Koch. Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Solberg, K., T. Norsted, and C. Spaarschuh. 2007. Eidsborg Stavkirke. Konservering av Veggmalerier fra 1600-Tallet Og Paneler Fra Middelalderen no35/2007.
  • Stein, M. 2016. “The Colourful Church Interior.” In Preserving the Stave Churches. Craftmanship and Research, edited by K. Bakken, 47–68. Oslo: Pax Forlag A/S.
  • Sturdy, L. F., M. S. Wright, A. Yee, F. Casadio, K. T. Faber, and K. R. Shull. 2020. “Effects of Zinc Oxide Filler on the Curing and Mechanical Response of Alkyd Coatings.” Polymer 191, Art. no. 122222.
  • Tiennot, M., E. Paardekam, D. Iannuzzi, and E. Hermens. 2020. “Mapping the Mechanical Properties of Paintings via Nanoindentation: A new Approach for Cultural Heritage Studies.” Scientific Reports 10 (1): 7924.
  • Wedvik, B. 2008. A 167 Heddal Stavkirke. Konsolidering av Limfargedekor i Koret. Prosjektets del 1: Nordvegg og apsis i koret no 49/2008.
  • Wedvik, B. 2009. A 167 Heddal Stavkirke. Konsolidering av Limfargedekor i Skip og Sørvegg i Koret no. 121/2009.
  • Wright, M. S., M. Hudson, M. Kokkori, K. Muir, F. Casadio, K. T. Faber, and K. R. Shull. 2014. “Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of Artists’ Paints with Nanoindentation.” In Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Meeting of the Adhesion Society, 285–287.