Preparation and Purification of Desethylamiodarone Hydrochloride

References

• Malpartida , F. , Mola , M. , Huguet , R. , Sala , J. , Noguera , J. and Cordeiro , B. 1975 . Clinical evaluation of amiodarone hydrochloride as an anti‐arrhythmia agent . Rev. Md. Univ. Navarra , 19 : 143 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Roy , D. , Talajic , M. , Dorian , P. , Connolly , S. , Eisenberg , M. J. , Green , M. , Kus , T. , Lambert , J. , Dubuc , M. , Gagne , P. , Nattel , S. and Thibault , B. 2000 . Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation: Canadian trial of atrial fibrillation investigators . N. Engl. J. Med. , 342 : 913 – 920 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinagawa , K. , Shiroshita‐Takeshita , A. , Schram , G. and Nattel , S. 2003 . Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on fibrillation in the remodeled atrium: Insights into the mechanism of the superior efficacy of amiodarone . Circulation , 107 : 1440 – 1446 .
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan , R. J. , Storey , G. C. , Holt , D. W. and Farmer , P. B. 1982 . Identification and measurement of desethylamiodarone in blood plasma specimens from amiodarone‐treated patients . J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , 34 : 638 – 643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nattel , S. 1986 . Pharmacodynamic studies of amiodarone and its active n‐desethyl metabolite . J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , 8 : 771 – 777 .
   Google Scholar
• Kharidia , J. and Eddington , N. D. 1996 . Effects of desethylamiodarone on the electrocardiogram in conscious feely moving animals: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling using computer‐assisted radio telemetry . Biopharm. Drug Dispos. , 17 : 93 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Pollak , P. T. , Sharma , A. D. and Carruthers , S. G. 1989 . Correlation of amiodarone dosage, heart rate, QT interval and corneal microdeposits with serum amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations . Am. J. Cardiol. , 64 : 1138 – 1143 .
   Google Scholar
• Torres , V. , Tepper , D. , Flowers , D. , Wynn , I. , Lam , S. , Keefe , D. , Miura , D. S. and Somberg , J. C. 1986 . QT prolongation and the antiarrhythmic efficacy of amiodarone . J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , 7 : 142 – 147 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stark , G. , Stark , U. , Windisch , M. , Vicenzi , M. , Eggemeich , U. , Nagl , S. , Kral , K. , Pilger , E. and Tritthart , H. A. 1991 . Comparison of acute electrophysiological effects of amiodarone and its metabolite desethylamiodarone in Langendorff perfused guinea pig hearts . Basic Res. Cardiol. , 86 : 136 – 147 .
   Google Scholar
• Baerman , J. M. , Annesley , T. , DiCarlo , L. A. Jr. , Foley , M. K. , Nicklas , J. M. , Crevey , B. J. and Morady , F. 1986 . Interrelationships between serum levels of amiodarone, desethylamiodarone, reverse t3 and the QT interval during long‐term amiodarone treatment . Am. Heart. J. , 111 : 644 – 648 .
   Google Scholar
• Burgess , C. D. , Siebers , R. W. , Purdie , G. L. , Taylor , C. and Maling , T. J. 1987 . The relationship between the QT interval and plasma amiodarone concentration in patients on long‐term therapy . Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , 33 : 115 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Cubeddu , L. X. 2003 . QT prolongation and fatal arrhythmias: A review of clinical implications and effects of drugs . Am. J. Ther. , 10 : 452 – 457 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olofson , R. A. , Martz , J. T. , Senet , J. P. , Piteau , M. and Malfroot , T. 1984 . A new reagent for the selective, high‐yield n‐dealkylation of tertiary‐amines—improved syntheses of naltrexone and nalbuphine . J. Org. Chem. , 49 : 2081 – 2082 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Costa , G. G. , McDaniel‐Hamilton , L. P. , Heflich , R. H. , Marques , M. M. and Beland , F. A. 2001 . DNA adduct formation and mutant induction in‐Sprague‐Dawley rats treated with tamoxifen and its derivatives . Carcinogenesis , 22 : 1307 – 1315 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pelander , A. , Ojanpera , I. and Hare , T. A. 1997 . Preparation of n‐demethylated drug metabolites for analytical purposes using 1‐chloroethyl chloroformate . Forensic Sci. Int. , 85 : 193 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Hengeveld , J. E. , Gupta , A. K. , Kemp , A. H. and Thomas , A. V. 1999 . Facile n‐demethylation of erythromycins . Tetrahedron Lett. , 40 : 2497 – 2500 .
   Google Scholar
• Hong , Y. P. , Bakale , R. P. , Fang , Q. K. , Xiang , T. J. , McConville , F. X. , Senanayake , C. H. and Wald , S. A. 2000 . Synthesis of enantiomerically pure desmethylzopiclone and determination of its absolute configuration . Tetrahedron: Asymmetry , 11 : 4623 – 4627 .
   Google Scholar