References
- Agar , M. H. 1980 . The professional stranger: An informal introduction to ethnography , New York : Academic Press .
- Bamett , H. 1953 . Innovation: The basis of cultural change , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
- Bernard , H. R. 1988 . Research methods in cultural anthropology , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
- Berreman , G. D. 1968 . “ Ethnography: Method and product ” . In Introduction to cultural anthropology: Essays in the scope and methods of the science of man , Edited by: Clifton , J. A. 337 – 373 . Boston : Houghton‐Mifflin .
- Clifford , J. and Marcus , G. E. , eds. 1986 . Writing culture , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Dumont , R. V. Jr. 1972 . “ Learning English and how to be silent: Studies in Sioux and Cherokee classrooms ” . In Functions of language in the classroom , Edited by: Cazden , C. B. , John , V. P. and Hymes , D. 344 – 369 . New York : Teachers College Press .
- Edgerton , R. B. and Langness , L. L. 1974 . Methods and styles in the study of culture , San Francisco : Chandler & Sharp .
- Ellen , R. E. , ed. 1984 . Ethnographic research: A guide to general conduct , San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
- Friedl , J. and Whiteford , M. B. 1988 . The human portrait: Introduction to cultural anthropology , (2nd ed.) , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Fulginiti , J. M. 1986 . Ethnography in school administration . Practicing Anthropology , 8 (3–4) : 20 – 21 .
- Geertz , C. 1973 . The interpretation of cultures , New York : Basic Books .
- Geertz , C. 1983 . Local knowledge: Further essays in interpretive anthropology , New York : Basic Books .
- Georges , R. A. and Jones , M. O. 1980 . People studying people: The human element in field‐work , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Gilmore , P. and Glatthorn , A.A. 1982 . Children in and out of school: Ethnography and education , Washington, DC : Center for Applied Linguistics .
- Gilmore , P. and Smith , D. M. 1982 . “ A retrospective discussion of the state of the art in ethnography and education ” . In Children in and out of school: Ethnography and education , Edited by: Gilmore , P. and Glatthorn , A. A. 3 – 18 . Washington, DC : Center for Applied Linguistics .
- Goetz , J. P. and LeCompte , M. D. 1984 . Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research , New York : Academic Press .
- Goodenough , W. H. 1981 . Culture, language, and society , Menlo Park, CA : Cummings .
- Gumperz , J. J. 1981 . “ Conversational inference and classroom learning ” . In Ethnography and language in educational settings , Edited by: Green , J. L. and Wallat , C. 3 – 23 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
- Hammersley , M. and Atkinson , P. 1983 . Ethnography: Principles in practice , New York : Tavistock Publications .
- Harris , M. 1979 . Cultural materialism , New York : Vintage Books .
- Heath , S. B. 1982 . “ Ethnography in education: Defining the essentials ” . In Children in and out of school: Ethnography and education , Edited by: Gilmore , P. and Glatthorn , A. A. 33 – 55 . Washington, DC : Center for Applied Linguistics .
- Heath , S.B. 1983 . Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms , New York : Cambridge University Press .
- Hymes , D. H. 1974 . Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
- Hymes , D. 1982 . “ What is ethnography? ” . In Children in and out of school: Ethnography and education , Edited by: Gilmore , P. and Glatthorn , A.A. 21 – 32 . Washington, DC : Center for Applied Linguistics .
- Kimball , S. 1974 . Culture and the educative process , New York : Teachers College Press .
- Lutz , F. W. 1981 . “ Ethnography: The holistic approach to understanding schooling ” . In Ethnography and language in educational settings , Edited by: Green , J.L. and Wallat , C. 51 – 63 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
- Malinowski , B. 1960 . A scientific theory of culture and other essays , New York : Oxford University Press .
- McCall , G.J. and Simmons , J.L. , eds. 1969 . Issues in participant observation: A text and reader , Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley .
- Ogbu , J. U. 1974 . The next generation: An ethnography of education in an urban neighborhood , New York : Academic Press .
- Peoples , J. and Bailey , G. 1988 . Humanity: An introduction to cultural anthropology , St. Paul, MN : West Publishing .
- Philips , S. U. 1983 . The invisible culture: Communication in classroom and community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation , New York : Longman .
- Radcliffe‐Brown , A.R. 1965 . Structure and function in primitive societies , New York : Free Press .
- Sanday , P.R. 1982 . “ Anthropologists in schools: School ethnography and ethnology ” . In Children in and out of school: Ethnography and education , Edited by: Gilmore , P. and Glatthorn , A.A. 250 – 253 . Washington, DC : Center for Applied Linguistics .
- Singleton , J. 1970 . Cross‐cultural approaches to research on minority group education . Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society , 2 Fall : 35 – 50 .
- Smith , L.M. 1979 . “ An evolving logic of participant observation, educational ethnography, and other case studies ” . In Review of research in education, 6 , Edited by: Shulman , L. 316 – 377 . Chicago : Peacock Press .
- Spradley , J.P. 1980 . Participant observation , New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
- Spradley , J.P. and McCurdy , D.W. 1972 . The cultural experience: Ethnography in complex society , Prospect Heights, IL : Waveland Press .
- Van Maanen , J. 1988 . Tales of the field: On writing ethnography , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Zaharlick , A. and Green , J.L. 1991 . “ Ethnographic research ” . In Handbook of research on teaching the English language arts , Edited by: Flood , J. , Jensen , J. , Lapp , D. and Squire , J. 205 – 225 . New York : Macmillan .