- ‘Homorganic’ is used here with the meaning of ‘being articulated at the same place and with the same part of the same organ’.
- Les affriquées en italien et dans les autres principales langues européennes, Institut de phonétique de l'Université de Grenoble, 1929.
- Ibid. 21, and 80 ff.
- Except, in certain usages, as an allophone of /dž/.
- Cf. N. S. Trubetzkoy, Grundzüge der Phonologie (Prague, 1949). 50 ff.; A. Martinet, Un ou deux phonèmes, Acta Linguistica I, 94 ff.; Kenneth L. Pike, Phonemics, 131 ff. (Ann Arbor 1947).
- The phoneme /š/, which is not listed here, is in partial complementary distribution with /s/;/h/ is one of the two types of vocalic initials; /I/ and /r/ stund apart.
- Trubetzkoy, in dealing with these two languages (Grundzüge der Phonologie, 64 and 151), sets up patterns that eliminate affrication as a relevant feature, whereby he is spared the trouble of listing affrication as a phonemic ‘mark.’ We do not believe, however, that he is right in doing so: we know that affrication may diachronically replace aspiration without modifying the general pattern, and since we do find aspirated series, we can expect to find affricated ones. Our German pattern is slightly more economical than Trubetzkoy's since we define the 16 phonemes listed by means of nine relevant features instead of his ten: five zones or modes (ours, plus labiodental and sibilant) and five types (ours, minus affricates).
- Cf. Hans Vogt, The Kalispel Language, (Oslo 1940).
- Professor John Lotz tells me that, between 1935 and 1944, 18 articles, written in Hungarian, were published on the general subject of affricates, most of them in Magyar Nyelo, the official organ of the Linguistic Society of Hungary. A summary of the discussions can be found in J. Laziczius, Fonétika, Budapest, 1944, 78–84. The conclusions do not appear to differ much from the ones presented here.
- New York 1946.
- We need not consider here such more or less isolated dialects of Sardinia and Dalmatia as present particular features in this matter. Nor does what follows apply entirely to Rumanian.
- This palatal quality is to be assumed for Central French as evidenced by the i in the first syllables of raisin (RACEMU:), raison (RATIONE), and the hushing pronunciation of the reflex in Picard.
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