- A term suggested by Professor Roman Jakobson in preference to ‘Realization. In this article it is also used as a synonym of ‘allophone’ and ‘variant.’
- See James P. Soffietti, Phonemic Analysis of the Word in Turinese, Columbia University PhD. Dissertation submitted in April, 1948, (In process of being printed), for a complete analysis by the acoustic approach.
- The symbol [ë] has been used instead of the AIS [a] since it is acoustically closer to the English [λ]. Its position in the 8-vowel pattern (1.0) represents its acoustic relation as a phoneme to the remaining phonemes and not the actual point of articulation. See Soffietti, op. cit.
- The performances [w, y] are positional variants of i and i respectively. See Soffietti, op. cit.
- The number before the hyphen, 185, indicates the AIS map number; the ciphers in the number following the hyphen, 112, mean that the preceding transcriptions are the pronunciations of Subjects 1, 1, and 2 respectively.
- See Soffietti, op. cit. Chapter III for additional hypotheses concerning phonological phenomena of historical nature.
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