- Leonard Bloomfield, Language, (New York, 1933), Henry Holt, 136–7.
- David W. Reed, “A Statistical Approach to Quantitative Linguistic Analysis,” Word, V, no. 3 (1949), 235.
- Ibid, p. 236.
- Godfrey Dewey, Relativ Frequency of English Speech Sounds, (Cambridge, 1923), Harvard University Press.
- Ruth E. Atkins, “An Analysis of the Phonetic Elements in a Basal Reading Vocabulary,” The Elementary School Journal, XXVI, no. 8 (1926), 595–606.
- Godfrey Dewey, op. cit., pp. 8–9, 123–132.
- George K. Zipf, “Relative Frequency as a Determinant of Phonetic Change,” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, XL (1929), 52.
- N. R. French, C. W. Carter, Jr., and W. Koenig, Jr. “The Words and Sounds of Telephone Conversations,” The Bell System Technical Journal, IX (1930), 290–324.
- Ibid., p. 324.
- Charles H. Voelker, “A Sound Count for the Oral Curriculum, “The Volta Review” XXV, no. 3 (1935), 55–6.
- The subjects for the lectures included “Problems of the Foreign Student in the United States,” “Current Issues in Education in the United States,” “Labor in the United States,” “Politics and Government in the United States,” “Agriculture and Forestry in the United States,” and “The United States in International Trade.”
- The speakers had the general characteristics of speech described by phoneticians (e.g. John S. Kenyon, American Pronunciation), such as pronunciation of r's, use of /æ/ in such words as class, etc. of the general American dialect.
- The phonemic analysis, in general, followed the system of Kenneth L. Pike (Phonemics, University of Michigan, 1947, p. 45), including tabulation of /ai/,/au/, and/oi/separately as if they were single units in line with Pike's “close-knit sequences of vowel units,” and in using the unit symbols /c/,/j/, and/w/ instead of the diagraphs /t∫/, /d3/, and /hw/. The following exceptions to the Pike system were made: (1) syllabicity was considered as a suprasegmental factor and thus Pike's separate syllabic phonemes /ṃ/, /ṇ/, /ḷ/, and /ṛ/ were disregarded; (2) the consonant /y/ was analyzed as two phonemes /h/ and /y/ because its infrequency (only one time in half of the material) made it seem insignificant as a unit.
- David W. Reed, op. cit., pp. 237–247.
- Ibid., p. 244.
- Ibid., p. 243–4.
- Ibid., p. 238.
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