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Original Articles

Phoneme and Grapheme: A Parallel

Pages 15-20 | Published online: 04 Dec 2015

  • Cf. Josef Vachek, Some remarks on writing and phonetic transcription, Acta Linguistica 5.86-93 (1945-9).
  • On the concept of scale see Ernst Pulgram, Phonemics and sound change, (in press).
  • Note that I include under allophones of a phoneme not only positional variants but all phonic realizations of the phoneme.
  • Cf. H. J. Uldall, Speech and writing, Acta Linguistica 4.11-16 (1944).
  • Cf. Y. R. Chao, The non-uniqueness of phonemic solutions of phonetic systems, Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 4.363-98 (1934).
  • David Abercrombie, What is a "letter"?
  • Loc. cit., 62.

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