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Original Articles

The Phonemes of Yoruba

Pages 245-249 | Published online: 04 Dec 2015

  • The Yoruba here described is that of Nathaniel Adibi, whose home is Ogbomosho, in Oyo Province, one of the central provinces of the Yoruba-speaking territory in Nigeria. Thanks are due to Melville J. Herskovits, for his constant encouragement and helpful suggestions, and for the financial assistance necessary to carry on the study, which he made available in his capacity as administrator of the Carnegie Corporation grant to Northwestern University for African Studies. I am grateful also to Joseph H. Greenberg, for his always stimulating discussions of this paper and other matters relating to African linguistics, and to Mr. Adibi, for his untiring and uniformly excellent work as informant and colleague.
  • cf. Joseph H. Greenberg, Studies in African Linguistic Classification I, The Niger-Congo Family, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 5.2.1.
  • 1931 census, quoted in Introducing the Colonies [His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1949].
  • cf. David L. Olmsted, Covert [or Zero] Morphemes and Morphemic Juncture, IJAL, 17.3.163. N.B. changes in the system of marking tones: tones 1 through 5 are as before, tones 6 and 7 are NOW marked 7 and 9 respectively, while the tones marked 6 and 8 in the new system had not been met when the above paper was written. For purposes of symmetry and logical sequence, it seemed best to renumber at a time when very little has been published using the system presented in the IJAL paper, rather than perpetuate an unwieldy system of labels.
  • Martin Joos, Acoustic Phonetics, Language Monograph No. 23, 1948, paragraph 1.26.
  • The changing contours might all be analyzed as combinations of pairs of three level contours e.g. 4 as 1–3 etc. and a complete analysis along these lines is possible. The objection to the procedure is that the changing contours occur with short as well as long vowels.
  • The Tonal System of Proto-Bantu, Word 4.3.196. 1948.
  • For reasons of brevity, /u/ and /w/ are not discussed. However, the difference between them is of the same order as that between /i/ and /y/, and points made in the discussion of the latter pair are also applicable to the former pair.

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