- Language (New York, 1933), 139.
- Nida, A system for the Description of Semantic Elements, Word 7.1–14 (1951); Fries, Meaning and Linguistic Analysis, Language 30. 57–68 (1954); Wells, Meaning and Use, Word 10. 235–50; Hattori, The Analysis of Meaning, For Roman Jakobson (The Hague, 1956), 201–12.
- Language 139.
- Terms of Direction in Modern Icelandic, Scand. Studies Presented to George T. Flom (1942), 37–48; Terms of Direction in Old Icelandic, JEGP 43.265–85 (1944); these will be referred to as SE plus page reference, e. g. SE 265 refers to the first page of the second article.
- With the author's permission, his map of Iceland prepared for these articles is herewith reproduced for the orientation of the reader.
- Locally there are usages combining other directional terms, e. g. úι og upp ‘out and up’ for NE, inn og niὄur ‘in and down’ for SE, etc.
- Knut Gjerset, History of Iceland (N. Y., 1925), 36.
- Einarsson notes (SE 43) that in Skagafjörður it is usual to say austur i Húsavik. Halldór Sigurðsson, a native of Hrútafjōrður, informs me that this is common in his community also, as well as in other parts of northern and western Iceland. He also says austur i Melrakkasléttu and Langanes. Since all three of these lie east of Eyjaf-jörður, but within the area generally regarded as north, it is clear that Eyjafjörður serves as a kind of orientation area of its own, at least for local communities. The same speakers refer to the whole area of þsingeyjarsýsla as N, but to communities within the area as E. As Einarsson points out, this situation merits further investigation.
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