- K. Lokotsch has collected this material in his Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen…Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs, Heidelberg, 1927.
- Greek has over 800 Turkish loans, and another 25 to 30 (or more?) Arabic and Persian words. Lokotsch unfortunately omitted the Greek material in his dictionary (see his remarks, p. VIII).
- Id. Papagrigorakis, Syllogi Xenoglosson lexeon en Krete, Chania (Crete), 1952, p. 139. The following items of his were not excerpted, as being regional: arrow-root (ara'ruti), fire-up (faerop). The unintelligible soro'lop (unknown meaning), which he lists as English (adding a question mark), is very possibly the Turkish adverb ṣorolop ‘glug’ (onomatopoetic).
- Kyr. Chatziyoannou, Peri ton en te mesaionike kai neolera kgpriake xenon glossikon sloicheion, Athens 1936, p. 10.
- Athens, 1951. Reviewed by A. Papadopoulos in Lexikographikon Dellien 5 (1950), 129–147, by D. J. Georgacas in BZ 46 (1953), 128–9, and in Archeion… Thrak. Laogr. 19 (1954), 353–7, and by A. Mirambel, BSLP 47 (1954), 99–100.
- A. Thumb, ‘Die germanischen Elemente des Neugriechischen’, Strassburg, 1902, in Germanistische Abhandlungen H. Paul…dargebracht, pp. 225–258.
- See, however, List III. The modern French element has been studied by André Mirambel in BSLP 36 (1935), 1–17: « Du caractère de quelques emprunts en Grec moderne »
- For transliteration of Greek words see the end of the Introduction. Words and phrases of English and other languages are given in traditional spelling.
- William Martin Leake (1777–1860) was a soldier, diplomat and scholar, whose several published narratives of exploration are extremely valuable documents. He gives the anecdote in his Travels in the Morea, vol. II (London, 1830), pp. 90–91.
- I give the English sources only.
- Of the 108 items of List I, the following are not in Andriotis' Lexiko: alright, bacon, basketball, bowl, coyboy, gangster, detective, dock, jeep, OK, pack, plaid, score, set, shoot, speaker, star, ‘etick-'em-up’, strapless, swing, transformer, trolley-bus, week-end, yacht.
- French is known for the freedom with which it adapts English words, phonetically, semantically and morphologically, although speaking more objectively, these borrowings do reflect French structural requirements, as they must. (See note 7.)
- The German element is virtually non-existent in Modern Greek, except for a few philosophical terms like Weltanschauung, used by intellectuals, and some proper names and trade-names. Cf. note 6.
- Lexikon lis ellinikis glossis (Athens, 1933, 3 vols).
- Andriotis gives Italian scuna as the source, but the loan is more easily a direct one, from British English, considering the nature of the thing denoted.
- Andriotis gives English office as the source; this is impossible semantically and accentually.
- An obvious modern example of simultaneous sources is kodak (from English accented on 1st syllable, from French with accent on second syllable). An older example is ‘tea’: 'tsai from Russian (< Mandarin Chinese), lejon (a katharevusa formation) from French or German (<Cantonese Chinese).
- There are thus three neuter homonyms in modern Greek:
- a. The present word.
- b. The word (given in List II) from English brig, through French.
- c. The word meaning ‘coffee-pot’, from Turkish.
- I myself witnessed the creation of one of these forms. An American acquaintance resident in Greece was always addressed as Charlie. His Greek friends adopted this form as a vocative 'tsarli and made a nominative o 'tsarlis, on the easy analogy of many men's names in -is.
- I am grateful to Prof. D. J. Georgacas of the University of North Dakota for bis kind suggestions when this article was at a preliminary stage. I alone am responsible for the final interpretation.
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