- The Russian section of the analysis attempted here owes many valuable pointers to Roman Jakobson.
- A. A. Šaxmatov, Sintaksis russkogo jazyka (Moscow, 21941).
- V. V. Vinogradov, Sovremennyj ruskij jazyk (Moscow, 21938).
- A. M. Finkel, N. M. Baženov, Sovremennyj russkij literaturnyj jazyk (Kiev, 21954).
- V. V. Vinogradov, op. cit.
- The author struggles here to define a concept akin to Hockett's functors, including in it, however, some of the “meta-contentive” modifiers examined in the present paper.
- Except, of course, metalinguistically, by questions like “what did you just say between words x and y?”
- I distinguish here three stress levels, tertiary (no mark), secondary (verbar), and primary (verbar).
- For the present purpose, I distinguish three pitch levels, low, mid, and high, as indicated by the letters L, M, and H.
- Meaning ambiguous, since the stressed near-homonym has a low-stress allomorph also.
- Here we have a complete homonym, overall intonation alone being the phoneme distinguishing the two utterances.
- Allomorphic is used to denote that change of stress affects merely emphasis, not content. The opposite will be called morphemic.
- Into this class fall many, though not all, of the stressed near-homonyms of the modal particles.
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“Modal Particles” in Russian and German
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