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Original Articles

How Rhymed Is a Poem?

Pages 310-321 | Published online: 04 Dec 2015

  • This assumes, rightly I think, that no rhyme is to be more heavily weighted than others—except in so far as it is automatically so weighted by the frequency of its appearance. In considering the entire phonemic structure of a poem some weighting may be in order. See J. Lynch, “The Tonality of Lyric Poetry,” Word IX (1953), 211–224, esp. pp. 213 ff.
  • See W. Moulton, “Juncture in Modern Standard German,” Language XXIII (1947), 212–226, esp. p. 214; also his “Syllabic Nuclei…”in For Roman Jakobson, ed. M. Halle (The Hague, 1956), pp. 372–381; whatever the verdict on /ə/, it is not of substantial interest in our consideration of stressed vowels.
  • Lynch makes a comparison of the phonemic inventory of a Keats poem with the frequency of phonemes in English speech and writing. His sources for relative frequency cast a much smaller net, but they give more easily usable data. I don't know whether, for present purposes, a less massive count would do; in any case I am not aware of there being one for German.
  • Preliminaries to Speech Analysis (Cambridge, Mass., 1952).
  • G. Miller, “The Perception of Speech,” in For Roman Jakobson, pp. 353–360.
  • “Communication in Poetry,” Word XVII (1961), 194–218.
  • Thoughtfully analyzed by H. Ritter, “Das lyrische Gedicht als Lautgewebe,” Wirkendes Wort IV (1953), 24–26.
  • Discussed by V. Žirmunskij in the first chapter of his Rifma (Petrograd, 1923), pp. 16 ff.—a fundamental book whose availability in English would be a boon to many students, including myself.
  • In what is still the best collection of examples of various German rhymes, historically viewed: “Zur Geschichte des Reims,” Kleinere Schriften, IV (Gütersloh, 1887), pp. 125–341.
  • “It may well be that the sheer data, usefully arranged, is about as good a kind of statistics as we can get.” D. Hymes, “Phonological Aspects of Style” in Style in Language. ed. T. Sebeok, Cambridge, Mass., 1960, p. 115. Among other essays in this important collection, see the section on rhyme in S. Chatman's “Comparing Metrical Styles,” pp. 149–172.

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