- A shortened version of this study was read by author at the Ninth International Congress of Linguists as 'The Theory of the Function of the Preverb ga- (Cf. Proceedings).
- For a complete bibliography on the preverb ga-, see, in addition to the first footnote in each of my three studies on aspect in the Germanic languages (‘Aspect in Gothic’, Language XXX [1954], 211–223, ‘Aspect in the Old High German of Tatian’, Language XXXII [1956], 423–434, and ‘Aspect in the Old English of the Corpus Christi MS’, Language XXXIV [1958], 245–251): M. M. Guxman, Gotskij jazyk (1958), page 285; Ju. C. Maslov, 'Kategorija predel'nosti/nepredel'nosti glagol'nogo dejstvija v gotskom jazyke', Voprosy jazykoznanija, No. 5 (1959), pages 69–80: fns. 1–3 (page 69), fns. 1–5 (page 70), fns. 1–3 (page 71), M. M. Makovskij, 'K problème vida v gotskom jazyke', Učebnye zapiski, XIX (1959), pages 41–98, Maurice Marache, 'Die gotischen verbalen ga- Komposita', Zeitschrift fur deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur, XC (Sept. 1960-April 1961), pages 1–35.
- See Allan Lake Rice, Gothic Prepositional Compounds, pages 88–106, 112–118, 124–125, 126, Language XI (1932), Supplement.
- J. Grimm, Kleinere Schriften, Bd. IV, Berlin (1869), pages 186, 196, 228; Wilhelm Streitberg, ‘Perfective und Imperfektive Aktionsart im Germanischen’, Paul-Braune Beiträge XV (1889), pages 70–177.
- See footnote 1 for references to the studies by M. M. Makovskij, Juri C. Maslov, and M. Marache; also the discussion in §§2.1–2.4.
- Another example in point is the reason he offers for his emendation in Mk 5.22 of gadraus (πίπτ∊ι) to draus and of saihands (ίδων) to gasaihands (166): the former is justified by the implied motion of πρoσκúνεσις that calls for the imperfective draus, the latter by the completion of the action that requires the perfective gasaihands.
- See §11 of this study for a review of all these instances.
- See Maslov, page 76, fn. 2, where he refers to the apparent non-terminance of gasailνam ‘immem zrenie’ (J 9.41) and of gawas žil; prebyval υ primere' (L 8.27); also §11, as above.
- Maslov's study is nowhere mentioned; hence, the assumption of independence.
- Marache 22; Maslov 75.
- Marache 13; Maslov 75.
- Marache 25; Maslov 75.
- This classification of the Gothic verb into sets A, B and C, is at variance with the classification into bi-phase and single-phase verbs that I used in the paper read at the Ninth International Congress of Linguists (cf. fn. I), Proceedings, pages 496–498, as well as in an earlier draft of this study. I owe it to the suggestion of Professor William Diver.
- Syntactically, the prior or governing form may occur in either main or dependent clauses, but in each instance in the prior member of the sequence: thus (in the main clause) lνotidedun imma managai ei gaþahaidedi ‘many rebuked him, telling him to be silent’ (Mk 10.48); (in the dependent clause) saei sijai ana haiþjai, samaleiko ni gawandjai sik ‘let him who is in the field not turn back’ (L 17.31). The only exception to this rule of position is in the adverbal relative sequence where the object clause may occur before or after the main clause: thus (before) þanei wili gahardeip ‘he hardens the heart of whomever he will’ (R 9.18), and (after) gaarma þanei arma ‘I will have mercy on whom I have mercy’ (R 9.15).
- But gateihan ‘announce’, for which there is no simplex -teihan* but all of whose occurrences are combinatives may be tentatively classified as of set A: gaggandans gaieihiþ ‘Go and tell’ (M 11.4); or, jah usiddja þala waurd and alia Iudaia… (L 7.17). jah galaihun lohannen siponjos is (L 7.18) ‘And this report…spread through the whole of Judea….The disciples of John told him…’
- But magan, when not used as an auxiliary, functions as a verb of set B: thus,… weis ahmin us galaubenai wenais garaihteins beidam (G 5.5); unte in Xristu lesu nih bimait waiht gamag nih faurafilli (G 5.6) ‘…through the Spirit, by faith, we wait for the hope of righteousness. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is of any avail.’
- But mikiljan 'μεγαλúνειν magnify' belongs to set B: jah hausidedun…, unte gamikilida frauja armahairtin seina bi izai ‘And… heard that the Lord had shown great mercy to her’ (L 1.58): combinative.
- 26 and not 27 preverbs (cf. §1 above) if we exclude fram- as in framgahts ‘progress’ (Ph 1.25) a derivative of *fram-gaggan or in fram-wairpis wisan ‘continue’ (t 3.14) a derivative of *fram-wairþan.
- The base of a separable compound may also be one of set C; thus, miþ-faginon ‘rejoice with’: nih faginoþ inwidiþai, miþfaginoþ sunjai ‘it does not rejoice at wrong, but rejoices in the right’ (K 13.6); or, jah hausidedun bisitands jah ganiþjos izos, …jah miþfaginodedun izai ‘And her neighbors and kinsfolk heard…, and they rejoiced with her’ (LI.58)—both instances of a C-verb in combinate position.
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