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Original Articles

Acquisition of Grammar: What and How Should We Investigate?

Pages 187-194 | Published online: 16 Jun 2015

  • See L. M. Bloom, Language Development: Form and Function in Emerging Grammars (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1970), p. 233, and Paula Menyuk, Sentences Children Use (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1969), pp. 1–5.
  • See, for example, W. Weksel, rev. of The Acquisition of Language, ed. Ursula Bellugi and Roger Brown, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 29, Language, XLI (1965), 625–709.
  • Cf. Paul M. Postal, “Underlying and Superficial Linguistic Structures,” Harvard Educational Review, XXXIV (1964), 246–266.
  • I. M. Schlesinger, “A Note on the Relationship between Psychological and Linguistic Theories,” Foundations of Language, III (1967), 397–402.
  • See esp. the trenchant analysis by W. C. Watt, “Competing Economy Criteria,” Working Paper 5, School of Social Sciences, Univ. of California, Irvine, 1972.
  • See also Robert Lees, formal discussion in The Acquisition of Language, ed. Ursula Bellugi and Roger Brown, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, XXIX, No. 1 (1964), 96–98.
  • Bloom, pp. 34–134.
  • See Melissa F. Bowerman, Early Syntactic Development (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973), pp. 27–70, and Bloom, pp. 223–225.
  • For a detailed discussion of this problem, see Roger Brown and C. Fraser, “The Acquisition of Syntax,” in Verbal Behavior and Learning: Problems and Processes, ed. D. N. Cofer and B. S. Musgrave (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963), pp. 158–197.
  • Cf. Noam Chomsky, Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar (The Hague: Mouton, 1972), pp. 13–15 and 125.
  • It might be objected that in writing child grammars the criterion for evaluation ought to be the extent to which this grammar is compatible with the adult grammar. This notion of compatibility, though, is not at all clear. What would constitute an “incompatible” grammar? Bloom (pp. 70–74), for instance, has postulated a reduction transformation to account for agent-object constructions appearing in most English-speaking children, and such a transformation is nonexistent in adult grammar. If a child grammar which contains a rule not found in adult grammar is not considered incompatible with the latter, what kind of grammar would conceivably be? Compatibility can, of course, be defined so as to exclude all rules not found in adult grammar, but even this solution would not constrain the range of possible grammars sufficiently.
  • Derek Bickerton, “Inherent Variability and Variable Rules,” Foundations of Language, VII (1971), 457–492.
  • Walburga von Raffler-Engel, “Suprasentential and Substitution Tests in First Language Acquisition,” Bolletino di Psicologia Applicata, LXXXVIII-XC (1968), 34–41.
  • See, for example, G. R. Kiss, “Grammatical Word Classes: A Learning Process and Its Simulation,” mimeographed (Medical Research Council, 1972), pp. 1–74; David McNeill, “The Capacity for the Ontogenesis of Grammar,” in The Ontogenesis of Grammar, ed. Dan I. Slobin (New York: Academic Press, 1971), pp. 17–40; I. M. Schlesinger, “Production of Utterances and Language Acquisition,” in The Ontogenesis of Grammar, pp. 63–101, and A. Staats, “Linguistic-Mentalistic Theory versus an Explanatory S-R Learning Theory of Language Development,” in The Ontogenesis of Grammar, pp. 103–150.
  • Martin D. S. Braine, “The Ontogeny of English Phrase Structure: The First Phase,” Language, XXXIX (1963), 1–13.
  • Martin D. S. Braine, “On Learning the Grammatical Order of Words,” Psychological Review, LXX (1963), 323–348.
  • See Bloom (pp. 3–7) and Bowerman (pp. 27–70).
  • See n. 9 above.
  • See, for instance, Bloom (p. 235), whose recordings are separated by several weeks.
  • Dan I. Slobin, “Cognitive Prerequisites for the Development of Grammar,” in Studies of Child Language Development, ed. Charles A. Ferguson and Dan I. Slobin (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973), pp. 175–208
  • See Dan I. Slobin, “The Acquisition of Russian as a Native Language,” in The Genesis of Language: A Psycholinguistic Approach, ed. Frank Smith and George A. Miller (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1966), pp. 129–148.
  • See Bowerman (pp. 167–171).
  • See Tschang-Zin Park, “Language Acquisition in a Korean Child” (Ms., Univ. of Münster, 1970).
  • See Slobin, “Cognitive Prerequisites,” p. 198, for references.
  • See Bloom, pp. 223–224.
  • See Slobin, “The Acquisition of Russian,” pp. 133–135.
  • See Bowerman, pp. 140–147.
  • See I. M. Schlesinger, “Learning Grammar: From Pivot to Realization Rule,” in Language Acquisition: Models and Methods, ed. R. Huxley and E. Ingram (London: Academic Press, 1971), pp. 85–89.
  • See Bloom, pp. 141–148; Roger Brown, A First Language (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1973); and Schlesinger, “Learning Grammar,” pp. 85–89.

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