- Readers are referred to the following collections for further elaboration: American Southwest International Journal of the Sociology of Language, No. 2, ed. Bernard Spolsky and G. Bills (The Hague: Mouton, 1974); Bilingualism in the Southwest, ed. Paul R. Turner (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1973); Southwest Areal Linguistics, ed. Garland D. Bills (San Diego, Calif.: Institute for Cultural Pluralism, San Diego State Univ., 1974); J. Donald Bowen and Jacob Ornstein, Studies on Southwest Spanish (Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, in press); Studies in Language and Linguistics, 1969–1970, ed. Ralph W. Ewton, Jr., and Jacob Ornstein (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1970); Studies in Language and Linguistics, 1972–1973, ed. Ralph W. Ewton, Jr., and Jacob Ornstein (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1972). More on the side of the social sciences is a volume of significance: Rudolph de la Garza, Z. Anthony Kruszewski, and, Tomás Arciniega, Chicanos and Native Americans: Territorial Minorities (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974). Incidentally, the concept of territorial minority, first conceived by the editors of that volume, appears to equate nicely with that of stable bilingualism, which characterizes the area that we study in this article.
- See Joseph Michel, “A Pilot Project for Recording the Speech of the Five-Year Old Texas Spanish-English Pre-School Bilingual Child,” in Linguistic-Cultural Differences and American Education, ed. J. C. Aarons, B. Y. Gordon, and William A. Stewart, special issue of Foreign Language Reporter, VII (1969), 15; Mary Galvan and Rudolph C. Troike, “The East Texas Dialect Project: A Pattern for Education,” in Language and Cultural Diversity in American Education, ed. Roger D. Abrahams and Rudolph C. Troike (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969), pp. 297–304; and Ricardo J. Cornejo, “The Acquisition of Lexicon in the Speech of Bilingual Children,” in Bilingualism in the Southwest, ed. Paul R. Turner (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1973), pp. 67–94.
- Rodolfo García, “Language Interference and Socioeconomic Factors in the Acquisition of Standard Oral English of Mexican-American and Anglo Migrant Children” (Ph.D. diss., Ohio State Univ., 1969).
- Bates Hoffer, “Bilingual Language Development and Bilingual Education,” in Sociolinguistics in the Southwest, ed. Bates Hoffer and Jacob Ornstein (San Antonio: Dept. of English, Trinity Univ., 1974), pp. 81–90.
- Gustavo González, “The Acquisition of Grammar by Native Spanish Speakers” (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Texas at Austin, 1970); and Diana Natalicio, “Formation of the Plural in English: A Study of Native Speakers of English and Native Speakers of Spanish” (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Texas at Austin, 1969).
- Wayne H. Holtzman, Cross-Cultural Research in Personality Development, Latin American Monograph Series (Austin: Institute of Latin American Studies, Univ. of Texas, 1965), and Personality Development in Two Cultures (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1975); and Rodolfo Diaz-Guerrero, Psychology of the Mexican Culture and Personality (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1975).
- Susan Ervin-Tripp (Address delivered at the 1973 Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico).
- Jack Richards, “Error Analysis and Second Language Strategies,” Language Sciences, No. 17 (Oct. 1971), 12–22.
- Heidi Dulay and Marina K. Burt (Paper delivered at the 1973 TESOL meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico).
- Joseph H. Matluck and Betty J. Mace, “Language Characteristics of Mexican-American Children: Implications for Assessment,” special issue, Journal of School Psychology, XI (1973), 365–386.
- For other works on Mexican-American language acquisition see Southwest Areal Linguistics (see n. 1); Garland D. Bills, “Working Bibliography of Southwest Spanish” (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico, 1972), available from compiler; and the frequent bibliographies in the Linguistic Reporter, issued by the Center for Applied Linguistics, 1611 N. Kent St., Arlington, Va. 22027.
- Cf. Jacob Ornstein, “Toward a Classification of Southwest Spanish Nonstandard Variants,” Linguistics, XCIII (1972), 70–87; and Betty Lou Dubois, “Written English Communicative Competence of University of Texas-El Paso Chicanos: A Preliminary Report,” System, II (Dept. of Lang, and Lit., Univ. of Linköping, Sweden, 1974).
- Theodore Anderson and Mildred Boyer, Bilingual Schooling in the United States, 2 vols. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970); William F. Mackey, “A Typology of Bilingual Education,” Foreign Language Annals, III (1970), 596–618; and Joshua A. Fishman, A Sociology of Bilingual Education, Final Report, Contract OECO-73-0588, Div. of Foreign Studies, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, U.S. Office of Education, Washington, D.C. (New York: Yeshiva Univ., 1974).
- Roderick Macintosh and Jacob Ornstein, “A Brief Sampling of West Texas Teacher Attitudes Toward Southwest Spanish and English Language Varieties,” Hispania, LVII (1974), 920–926.
- See Paul W. Goodman and Bonnie S. Brooks, “A Comparison of Anglo and Mexican-American Students Attending the Same University” (Paper prepared for the Cross-Cultural Southwest Ethnic Study Center, Box 13, Univ. of Texas at El Paso); and Jacob Ornstein and Paul W. Goodman, “Bilingualism/Biculturalism Viewed in the Light of Socio-Educational Correlates” (Paper delivered at the Eighth World Congress of Sociology, Toronto, Aug. 19–23, 1974).
- Cf. Bowen and Ornstein, Studies on Southwest Spanish (see n. 1 above).
- J. Donald Bowen, “Local Standards and Spanish in the Southwest,” in Studies in Language and Linguistics, 1972–1973, ed. Ralph W. Ewton, Jr., and Jacob Ornstein (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1972).
- A goodly number of the discussions of these problems are reviewed by Jacob Ornstein in “Sociolinguistic Changes Viewed Within a Tagmemic Framework” (Paper presented at the Eleventh International Congress of Linguistics in Bologna in 1972, printed in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Linguists, ed. Luigi Heilmann (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1974), pp. 197–219; see also Ornstein, “Toward a Classification” (n. 12). In addition, these important writings address themselves to the problems: Daniel N. Cárdenas, “Compound and Coordinate Bilingualism/Biculturalism in the Southwest,” in Studies in Language and Linguistics, 1972–1973, ed. Ralph W. Ewton, Jr., and Jacob Ornstein (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1972); Anthony G. Lozano, “Intercambio de español e inglés en San Antonio, Texas,” Archivum (Oviedo), XI (1961), 111–138; Jerry Craddock, “Lexical Analysis of Southwest Spanish,” 'm. Studies on Southwest Spanish (see n. 1 above); Fritz Hensey, “Toward a Grammatical Analysis of Southwest Spanish,” in Studies (cited above); David Foster, “The Phonology of Southwest Spanish,” in Studies; and Richard V. Teschner, “Bilingual Education and the Materials Explosion, or, A Guide for the Bibliographer-By-Necessity,” The Bilingual Review/La Revista Bilingue, I (1974), 259–269.
- See Einar Haugen, The Norwegian Language in American: A Study in Bilingual Behavior, 2nd ed. (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana Univ. Press, 1969), pp. 72 and 370–371.
- See Einar Haugen, “The Ecology of Language,” Linguistic Reporter, Supplement 25 (Winter, 1971), pp. 19–26.
- John J. Gumperz, “On the Linguistic Markers of Bilingual Communication,” Journal of Social Issues, XXIII (1967), 48–59.
- See Roger W. Shuy, “The Sociolinguists and Urban Language Problems,” in Language and Poverty, ed. Frederick Williams, Institute for Research on Poverty Monograph Series (Chicago: Markham Publishing, 1971), pp. 335–350.
- Enrique Pérez, Nov. 22, 1974: personal communication.
- See Ornstein, “Sociolinguistic Changes,” pp. 202–208.
- A large bibliography exists on Pachuco speech. Cf. George C. Barker, Pachuco: An American Spanish Argot and Its Social Functions in Tucson, Arizona (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1950); Lurline H. Coltharp, The Tongue of the Tiritones: A Linguistic Study of a Criminal Argot (University: Univ. of Alabama Press, 1965); John M. Sharp, “The Origin of Some Non-Standard Lexical Items in the Spanish of El Paso,” in Studies in Language and Linguistics, 1969–1970 (see n. 1), pp. 207–232; and John T. Webb, “Investigation Problems in Southwest Spanish Caló,” in Southwest Areal Linguistics (see n. 1 above), pp. 145–153. For narcotic codes cf. Haldeen Braddy, “Narcotic Argot along the Mexican Border,” American Speech, XXX (1953), 84–90.
- Joshua Fishman (Lecture delivered at New Mexico State Univ. on Nov. 12, 1974).
- Ellen B. Ryan and Miguel Carranza, “Subjective Reactions toward Accented Speech,” in Language Attitudes: Current Trends and Prospects, ed. Roger W. Shuy and R. Fasold (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1973).
- Walburga von Raffler-Engel, “The Verbal Behavior of Bilingual Children in Face to Face Interaction: A Preliminary Report,” in Proceedings of the First International Association for Semiotic Studies, ed. Umberto Eco (The Hague: Mouton, 1975).
- John J. Gumperz, “Verbal Strategies in Multilingual Communication,” in Language and Cultural Diversity in American Education, ed. Roger B. Abrahams and Rudolph Troike (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972), pp. 185–197.
- John J. Gumperz and Eduardo Hernández, Cognitive Aspects of Bilingual Communication, Working Paper No. 28, Language-Behavior Research Laboratory (Berkeley: Univ. of California, Dec., 1969).
- Guadalupe Valdés-Fallis, “Code-Switching in Chicano Literature,” in Southwest Languages and Linguistics in Educational Perspective, ed. G. C. Harvey and M. F. Heiser (San Diego, Calif.: Institute for Cultural Pluralism, San Diego State Univ., 1975); and Valdés-Fallis, “Code-Switching and Language Dominance: Some Initial Findings” (Paper presented at the Border Linguistic Circle, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, Feb. 22, 1975).
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Volume 27, 1971 - Issue 1-3: Child Language--1975