REFERENCES
- Björkman, Erik. 1969. Scandinavian loan-words in Middle English. New York: Haskell House. (Rpt. of Studien zur englischen Philologie. Heft 11, 1–2 [1900-1902].)
- Bosworth, Joseph and T. Northcote Toller. 1898. An Anglo-Saxon dictionary. London: Humphrey Milford.
- Catford, J. C. 1977. Fundamental problems in phonetics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univeristy Press.
- Chen, Matthew and William S-Y. Wang. 1975. “Sound change: Actuation and implementation.” Language 51: 255–81.
- Cooley, Marianne. 1978. “Phonological constraints and sound changes.” Glossa 12: 125–36.
- de Vries, Jan. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd ed. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
- Fidelholz, James. 1975. “Word frequency and vowel reduction in English.” Papers from the eleventh regional meeting, Chicago linguistic society. Eds. R. E. Grossman, L. J. San, and T. J. Vance. Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistic Society. pp. 200–13.
- Gordon, E. V. 1957. An introduction to Old Norse. 2nd ed. Rev. A. R. Taylor. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Hockett, Charles. 1959. “The stressed syllables of Old English.” Language 35: 575–97.
- Hooper, Joan. 1976. “Word frequency in lexical diffusion and the source of mor-phophonological change.” Current progress in historical linguistics’. ed. William M. Christie, Jr. Amsterdam: North Holland. pp. 95–105.
- Jordan, Richard. 1974. Handbook of Middle English grammar: Phonology. Tr. and rev. E. J. Crook. The Hague: Mouton.
- Kuhn, Sherman. 1961. “On the syllabic phonemes of Old English.” Language 37: 522–38.
- Kurath, Hans and Sherman Kuhn, eds. 1954-. Middle English dictionary. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
- Leslau, Wolf. 1969. “Frequency as determinant of linguistic change in the Ethiopian languages.” WORD 25: 180–89.
- Luick, Karl. 1964. Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache. Vol. 1, Part 1. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (Rpt. of 1st ed., Stuttgart, 1914–21.)
- Olszewska, E. S. 1973. “ME 'takenn 7 trowwenn.” Notes and queries 20: 83.
- Phillips, Betty. 1980. “Old English an—on: A new appraisal.” Journal of English linguistics 14: 20–23.
- Phillips, Betty. 1981. “Lexical diffusion and Southern tune, duke, news.” American speech 56: 72–78.
- Phillips, Betty.. forthcoming. “Word frequency and the actuation of sound change.” Language.
- Pyles, Thomas. 1971. The origins and development of the English language. 2nd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
- Sandahl, B. 1964. “On Old Norse jó.jú in English.” Studia neophilologica 36: 266–76.
- Vennemann, Theo. 1972. “Phonetic analogy and conceptual analogy.” Schuchardt, the Neogntmmarians, and the transformational theory of phonological change. Eds. Theo Vennemann and T. H. Wilbur. Linguistische Forschungen, 26. Frankfurt: Athenäum Verlag. pp. 181–204.
- Weinreich, Uriel, William Labov, and Marvin Herzog. 1968. “Empirical foundations for a theory of language change.” Directions for historical linguistics. Eds. W. P. Lehmann and Yakov Malkiel. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 95–195.
- White, R. M. and Robert Holt, Eds. 1878. The Ormulum. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.