Language acquisition by a lowland gorilla: Koko's first ten years of vocabulary development

REFERENCES

• Acredolo, L., and Goodwyn, S. In press. “Sign language in babies: The significance of symbolic gesturing for understanding language development.” Annals of Child Development. Ed. R. Vasta. Vol.7, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Bateman, W.G. 1914. “A child's progress in speech with detailed vocabularies,” Journal of Educational Psychology 5: 307–20.
   Google Scholar
• Bellugi, U. 1975. The acquisition of sign language and its structure: NIH progress report. San Diego, California: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, L. 1970. Language development: Form and function in emerging grammars. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, L. 1973. One word at a time. The Hague: Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• Blount, W.R. 1968. “Language and the more severely retarded: A review,” American Journal of Mental Deficiency 73, 1: 21–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonvillian, J.D., Nelson, K.E., and Charrow, V.R. 1976. “Language and language-related skills in deaf and hearing children,” Sign Language Studies 12: 211–50.
   Google Scholar
• Bowerman, M. 1973. Early syntactic development: A cross-linguistic study with special reference to Finnish. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowerman, M. 1976. “Semantic factors in the acquisition of rules for word use and sentence construction,” Normal and deficient child language, Eds. D.M. and A.E. Morehead. Baltimore: University Park Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R. 1973. A first language. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, E.V. 1973. “What's in a word? On the child's acquisition of semantics in his first language,” Cognitive development and the acquisition of language. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 77–88.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, H.H., and Clark, E.V. 1977. Psychology and language: An introduction to psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich.
   Google Scholar
• Dale, D.M. 1974. Language development in deaf and partially hearing children. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
   Google Scholar
• Descoeudres, A. 1921. Le development de l'enfant de deux a sept ans. Paris: Delachaux et Niestle.
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. 1894. “The psychology of infant language,” Psychological Review 1: 63–66.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, S.D. 1974. “The ontogenetic development of language,” Language and language disturbances: The fifth Lexington conference on pure and applied phenomenology. Duquesne University Press. Pp. 22–43.
   Google Scholar
• Folven, R.J., and Bonvillian, J.D. 1987. “The transition from nonreferential to referential language in children acquiring American Sign Language,” Manuscript; portions presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April; and at the Fourth International Symposium on Sign Language Research, Lappeenranta, Finland, July.
   Google Scholar
• Fouts, R.S. 1973 “Acquisition and testing of gestural signs in four young chimpanzees,” Science 180: 978–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, R.A., and Gardner, B.T. 1969. “Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee,” Science 165: 644–72.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, R.A., and Gardner, B.T. 1972. “Communication with a young chimpanzee: Washoe's vocabulary,” Modeles animaux du comportement humaine. Ed. R. Chauvin. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Page 198.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, R.A., and Gardner, B.T.. in press. “Early signs of language in cross-fostered chimpanzees,” The origins of human language: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Studies Institute. Cortona, Italy, July 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Gopnik, A., and Meltzoff, A.N. 1986. “Relations between semantic and cognitive development in the one-word stage: The specificity hypothesis,” Child Development 57:1040–1053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, J.T., and Graham, L.W. 1971. “Language behavior of the mentally retarded: Syntactic characteristics,” American Journal of Mental Deficiency 75, 5: 623–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griswold, L.E., and Commings, J. 1974. “The expressive vocabulary of preschool deaf children,” American Annals of the Deaf 119: 16–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlow, H.F. 1949. “The formation of learning sets,” Psychological Review 56: 51–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, C. 1951. The ape in our house. New York: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, D. 1972. “The acquisition of questions and its relation to cognitive development in normal and linguistically deviant children: A pilot study,” Papers and reports on child language development. Committee on Linguistics, Stanford University. Pp. 13–18.
   Google Scholar
• Klima, E., and Bellugi, U. 1972. “The signs of language in child and chimpanzee,” Communication and affect. Eds. T. Alloway, L. Krames, and P. Pliner. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 67–96.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, W.F. 1949. Speech development of a bilinguist's child: A linguist's record (Vol. 3). Grammar and general problems in the first two years. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liberman, A., Cooper, F.S., Shankweiler, D.P., and Studdert-Kennedy, M. 1967. “Perception of the speech code,” Psychological Review 74: 431–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menyuk, P. 1971. “The acquisition and development of language,” Prentice-Hall series in developmental psychology. Ed. J.C. Wright. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. p. 171.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, K. 1973. “Structure and strategy in learning to talk,” Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 38 (1-2, Serial No. 149).
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, K. 1974. “Concept word and sentence: Interrelations in acquisition and development,” Psychological Review 81: 267–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newport, E.L., and Meier, R.P. 1985. “The acquisition of American Sign Language,” The cross linguistic study of language acquisition: Volume I—The Data. Ed. D.I. Slobin. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 881–938.
   Google Scholar
• Olson, J.R. 1972. “A case for the use of sign language to stimulate language development during the critical period for learning in a congenitally deaf child,” American Annals for the Deaf 117: 397–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, F.G. 1978. “Linguistic capabilities of a young lowland gorilla,” Sign language and language acquisition in man and ape: New dimensions in comparative pedolinguistics. Ed. F.C. Peng. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Reprinted in Language intervention from ape to child. Eds. R.L. Schiefelbusch and J.H. Hollis. 1979. Baltimore, Maryland: University Park Press.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, F.G. 1979. Linguistic capabilities of a lowland gorilla. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University. University Microfilms International #79-172-69. Dissertation Abstracts International. August 1979, 40-B, 2.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, F.G. 1980. “Innovative uses of language by a gorilla: A case study,” Children's language (Vol. 2). Ed. K.E. Nelson. New York: Gardner Press.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, F., and Linden, E. 1981. The education of Koko. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, F., Patterson, C.H., and Brentari, D.K. 1987. “Language in child, chimp, and gorilla,” American Psychologist 42: 270–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Premack, D. 1976. Intelligence in ape and man. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Rescorla, L.A. 1980. “Overextension in early language development,” Journal of Child Language 7: 321–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ristau, C.A. 1982. “Language in the great apes: A critical review,” Advances in the study of behavior. Academic Press, Inc., 12: 141–254.
   Google Scholar
• Rumbaugh, D.M. (Ed.) 1977. Language learning by a chimpanzee: The Lana Project. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rumbaugh, D.M., and Gill, T.V. 1973. “The learning skills of great apes,” Journal of Human Evolution 2:171–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger, H.S. 1976. “The acquisition of sign language,” Sign language of the deaf. Eds. I.M. Schlesinger and L. Namir. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schlesinger, H.S., and Meadow, K. 1971. Deafness and mental health: A developmental approach. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, San Francisco.
   Google Scholar
• Schlesinger, I.M. 1971. “The grammar of sign language and problem of language universale,” Leyden studies in linguistics and phonetics. The Hague: Mouton. Pp. 98–121.
   Google Scholar
• Slobin, D.I. 1970. “Universals of grammatical development in children,” Advances in psycho-linguistics. Ed. G. Flores d'Arcais. London: North Holland. Pp. 174–86.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M.E. 1926. “An investigation of the development of the sentence and the extent of vocabulary in young children,” University of Iowa: Studies in Child Welfare 3:5.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, R.L., Jr. 1972. The syntax and semantics of Erica. Technical Report 185. Stanford University, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Suppes, P., Smith, R.L., and Leveille, M. 1972. The French syntax and semantics of Phillipe: Part. I—Noun Phrases. Technical Report 195. Stanford University, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Templin, M. 1957. Certain language skills in children. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weir, R.H. 1962. Language in the crib. The Hague: Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox, M.J., and Leonard, L. 1978. “Experimental acquisition of wh-questions in language- disordered children,” Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 21: 220–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar