The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Northern Europe: the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician and the issue of acculturation of the last Neanderthals

References

• Adler , D. S. and Jöris , O. 2008 . Chronology of the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition in Eurasia . Journal of Human Evolution , 55 ( 5 )
   Google Scholar
• Aldhouse-Green , S. The archaeology of distance: perspectives from the Welsh Palaeolithic . Stone Age Archaeology: Essays in Honour of John Wymer . Edited by: Ashton , N. , Healy , F. and Pettitt , P. pp. 137 – 45 . Oxford : Oxbow Monograph 102, Lithic Studies Society Occasional Paper 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Aldhouse-Green , S. and Pettitt , P. 1998 . Paviland Cave: contextualizing the ‘Red Lady’ . Antiquity , 72 : 756 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allsworth-Jones , P. 1986 . The Szeletian and the Transition from Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Allsworth-Jones , P. 1990 . “ The Szeletian and the stratigraphic succession in Central Europe and adjacent areas: main trends, recent results and problems for resolution ” . In The Emergence of Modern Humans: An Archaeological Perspective , Edited by: Mellars , P. 160 – 242 . Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , S. , Weaver , T. and Hublin , J.-J. 2009 . Who made the Aurignacian and other early Upper Paleolithic industries? . Journal of Human Evolution , 57 ( 1 ) : 11 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Yosef , O. 2006 . “ Neanderthals and modern humans: a different interpretation ” . In When Neanderthals and Modern Humans Met , Edited by: Conard , N. J. 467 – 82 . Tübingen : Tübingen Publications in Prehistory, Kerns Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Yosef , O. 2007 . “ The dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia: a cultural interpretation ” . In Rethinking the Human Revolution , Edited by: Mellars , P. , Boyle , K. , Bar-Yosef , O. and Stringer , C. 207 – 17 . Cambridge : McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research .
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Yosef , O. and Svoboda , J. A. 2003 . “ Discussion ” . In Stránská Skála: Origins of the Upper Paleolithic in the Brno Basin, Moravia, Czech Republic , Edited by: Svoboda , J. A. and Bar-Yosef , O. 173 – 9 . Cambridge, MA : American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 47, Dolni Veštonice Studies 10, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• Bluszcz , A. , Foltyn , E. and Kozłowski , J. K. 1994 . New sequence of EUP leaf-point industries in Poland . Préhistoire européenne , 6 : 197 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Bobak , D. and Poltowicz-Bobak , M. In press . “ Les nouvelles données sur le Szélétien en Pologne ” . In La Paléolithique supérieur ancien de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest , Edited by: Bodu , P. Paris : Mémoire de la Société Préhistorique Française .
   Google Scholar
• Bon , F. 2002 . L'Aurignacien entre Mer et Océan: Réflexion sur l'unité des phases anciennes de l'Aurignacien dans le sud de la France. , Paris : Société Préhistorique Française, Mémoire 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Bordes , F. 1959 . Le contexte archéologique des hommes du Moustier et de Spy. . L'Anthropologie , 63 : 154 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Bordes , J.-G. 2003 . “ Lithic taphonomy of the Châtelperronian/Aurignacian interstratifications in Roc de combe and Le Piage ” . In The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications , Edited by: Zilhão , J. and d'Errico , F. 223 – 44 . Lisbon : Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Bosinski , G. 2000–1 . El Paleolítico medio en Europa central . Zephyrus , 53–4 : 79 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Breuil , H. 1912 . Remarques sur les divers niveaux archéologiques du gisement de Spy (Belgique) . Revue Anthropologique , 22 ( 2 ) : 126 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Bronk Ramsey , C. 2009 . Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates . Radiocarbon , 51 ( 1 ) : 337 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , J. B. 1977 . The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain: A Study of Man and Nature in the Late Ice Age. , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , J. B. 1980 . Les problèmes des subdivisions du Paléolithique supérieur britannique dans son cadre européen . Bulletin de la Société Royale Belge d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire , 91 : 39 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , J. B. 1986 . “ Hiatus and continuity in the British Upper Palaeolithic: a view from the Antipodes ” . In Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe , Edited by: Roe , D. A. 7 – 42 . Oxford : BAR International Series 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Chmielewski , W. 1961 . La civilisation de Jerzmanowice , Wrocław, Warsaw and Kraków : Instytut Historii Kultury Materialnej Polskej Akademii Nauk .
   Google Scholar
• Conard , N. J. 2006 . When Neanderthals and Modern Humans Met. , Tübingen : Kerns Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , L. , Thomas , J. S , Beamish , M. G. , Goldwell , A. , Colcutt , S. N. , Williams , J. , Jacobi , R. M. , Currant , A. and Higham , T. F. G. An Early Upper Palaeolithic open-air station and mid-Devensian hyaena den at Grange Farm, Glaston, Rutland, UK . Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society .
   Google Scholar
• Crevecoeur , I. , Bayle , P. , Rougier , H. , Maureille , B. , Higham , T. , van der Plicht , J. , De Clerck , N. and Semal , P. 2010 . The Spy VI child: a newly discovered Neandertal infant . Journal of Human Evolution , 59 ( 6 ) : 641 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• d'Errico , F. , Zilhão , J. , Baffier , D. , Julien , M. and Pélegrin , J. 1998 . Neandertal acculturation in Western Europe? A critical review of the evidence and its interpretation . Current Anthropology , 39 ( supplement ) : S1 – S44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Puydt , M. and Lohest , M. 1886 . L'Homme contemporain du mammouth à Spy . Annales de la Fédération Archéologique et Historique de Belgique , 2 : 207 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Desbrosse , R. and Kozłowski , J. K. 1988 . Hommes et climats à l'âge du mammouth: Le Paléolithique supérieur d'Eurasie centrale , Paris : Masson .
   Google Scholar
• Dinnis , R. 2009 . “ Understanding the British Aurignacian ” . University of Sheffield . Doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Djindjian , F. 2006 . “ 150 years of researches on the beginning of Upper Palaeolithic in Western Europe ” . In Ранняя пора верхнего Палеолuma евразuu: общее u локальное , 245 – 62 . Saint Petersburg : Nestor History . (The Early Upper Palaeolithic of Eurasia: General Trends, Local Developments): Actes du colloque international de Kostenki (23–26 Août 2004)
   Google Scholar
• Evans , E. 1872 . The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain , London : Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer .
   Google Scholar
• Flas , D. 2006 . “ La transition du Paléolithique moyen au supérieur dans la plaine septentrionale de l'Europe: Les problématiques du Lincombien-Ranisien-Jerzmanowicien ” . University of Liège . Doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Flas , D. 2008 . La transition du Paléolithique moyen au supérieur dans la plaine septentrionale de l'Europe , Brussels : Anthropologica & Praehistorica 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Flas , D. 2009 . “ The Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician and the limit of the Aurignacian spreading on the northern European plain ” . In Le concept de territoires dans le Paléolithique supérieur européen, UISPP, Actes du XV^e congrès mondial (Lisbonne, 4–9 septembre 2006) – Session C16 , Edited by: Djindjian , F. , Kozłowski , J. K. and Bicho , N. 135 – 42 . Oxford : BAR International Series 1938 .
   Google Scholar
• Flas , D. In press a . “ Jerzmanowice points from Spy and the issue of the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician ” . In Spy Cave: State of 120 Years of Pluridisciplinary Research on the Betche-aux-Rotches from Spy (Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Province of Namur, Belgium) , Edited by: Rougier , H. and Semal , P. Brussels : Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and NESPOS Society .
   Google Scholar
• Flas , D. In press b . “ La fin du Paléolithique moyen dans le Nord de l'Europe: la question des origines du Lincombien-Ranisien-Jerzmanowicien ” . In Les plaines du Nord-Ouest: carrefour de l'Europe au Paléolithique moyen? Actes du colloque d'Amiens (28–29 mars 2008) , Edited by: Depaepe , P. Paris : Mémoire de la Société Préhistorique Française .
   Google Scholar
• Flas , D. , Tartar , É. , Bordes , J.-G. , Le Brun-Ricalens , F. and Zwyns , N. In press . “ New looks on the Aurignacian from Spy: lithic assemblage, osseous artefacts and chronocultural sequence ” . In Spy Cave: State of 120 Years of Pluridisciplinary Research on the Betche-aux-Rotches from Spy (Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Province of Namur, Belgium) , Edited by: Rougier , H. and Semal , P. Brussels : Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and NESPOS Society .
   Google Scholar
• Foltyn , E. and Kozłowski , J. K. 2003 . The lower level of the site Dzierżysław I, Opole Voivodship (Silesia, Poland) and the problem of the Bohunician . Eurasian Prehistory , 1 ( 2 ) : 79 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Eloy , L. 1956 . Le Proto-Solutréen dans le bassin de la Meuse en Belgique . Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française , 53 : 532 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Freund , G. 1952 . Die Blattspitzen des Paläolithikums in Europa. , Bonn : Ludwig Rörscheid Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Garrod , D. A. E. 1926 . The Upper Palaeolithic Age in Britain. , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grünberg , J. M. New AMS dates for Palaeolithic and Mesolithic camp sites and single finds in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia (Germany) . Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society . Vol. 72 , pp. 95 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Harrold , F. B. and Otte , M. 2001 . “ Time, space, and cultural process in the European Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition ” . In Questioning the Answers: Re-solving Fundamental Problem of the Early Upper Paleolithic , Edited by: Hays , M. A. and Thacker , P. T. 3 – 11 . Oxford : BAR International Series 1005 .
   Google Scholar
• Hedges , R. E. M. , Housley , R. A. , Law , I. A. and Bronck , C. R. 1989 . Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: archaeometry datelist 9 . Archaeometry , 31 ( 2 ) : 207 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry-Gambier , D. and Sacchi , D. 2008 . La Crouzade V–VI (Aude, France): un des plus vieux fossiles d'anatomie moderne en Europe occidentale . Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris , 20 ( 1–2 ) Available online
   Google Scholar
• Hoffecker , J. The spread of modern humans in Europe . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Vol. 106 , pp. 16040 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Hovers , E. 2006 . “ Neandertals and modern humans in the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant: what kind of interaction? ” . In When Neanderthals and Modern Humans Met , Edited by: Conard , N. J. 65 – 85 . Tübingen : Tübingen Publications in Prehistory, Kerns Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Hublin , J.-J. 1990 . “ Le peuplement paléolithique de l'Europe: un point de vue paléobiogéographique ” . In Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe , Edited by: Farizy , C. 29 – 37 . Nemours : ARPAIF, Mémoire du Musée de Préhistoire d'Île-de-France 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Hülle , W. 1977 . Die Ilsenhöhle unter Burg Ranis/Thüringen: Eine paläolithische Jägerstation. , Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi , R. M. 1980 . “ The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain with special reference to Wales ” . In Culture and Environment in Prehistoric Wales , Edited by: Taylor , J. A. 15 – 100 . Oxford : BAR British Series 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi , R. M. 1990 . “ Leaf-points and the British Early Upper Palaeolithic ” . In Feuilles de pierre , Edited by: Kozłowski , J. K. 271 – 89 . Liège : ERAUL 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi , R. M. 1999 . “ Some observations on the British Earlier Palaeolithic ” . In Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Palaeolithic: Studies in the Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East and Europe , Edited by: Davies , W. and Charles , R. Oxford : Oxbow Books .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi , R. A collection of Early Upper Palaeolithic artefacts from Beedings, near Pulborough, West Sussex and the context of similar finds from British Isles . Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society . Vol. 73 , pp. 229 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi , R. and Pettitt , P. B. 2000 . An Aurignacian point from Uphill Quarry, Somerset, and the colonisation of Britain by Homo sapiens sapiens . Antiquity , 74 : 513 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobi , R. M. , Rowe , P. J. , Gilmour , M. A. , Grün , R. and Atkinson , T. C. 1998 . Radiometric dating of the Middle Palaeolithic tool industry and associated fauna of Pin Hole Cave, Creswell Crags, England . Journal of Quaternary Science , 13 ( 1 ) : 29 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobi , R. M. , Higham , T. F. G. and Bronk Ramsey , C. 2006 . AMS radiocarbon dating of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic bone in the British Isles: improved reliability using ultrafiltration . Journal of Quaternary Science , 21 ( 5 ) : 557 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jöris , O. and Street , M. 2008 . At the end of the 14C time scale: the Middle to Upper Paleolithic record of western Eurasia . Journal of Human Evolution , 55 ( 5 ) : 782 – 802 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klaric , L. 2000 . Note sur la présence de lames aménagées par technique de Kostienki dans les couches gravettiennes du Blot (Cerzat, Haute-Loire) . Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française , 97 ( 4 ) : 625 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Kowalski , S. 1967 . Wstępne wyniki badań archeologicznych w jaskini Mamutowej prowadzonych w latach 1957–64 . Materialy Archeologiczne , 8 : 47 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. 1983 . Le Paléolithique en Pologne . L'Anthropologie , 87 ( 1 ) : 49 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. 1990 . “ Certains aspects techno-morphologiques des pointes foliacées de la fin du Paléolithique moyen et du début du Paléolithique supérieur en Europe centrale ” . In Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe , Edited by: Farizy , C. 125 – 33 . Nemours : ARPAIF, Mémoire du Musée de Préhistoire d'Île-de-France 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. 1995 . “ La signification des ‘outils foliacés’ ” . In Les industries à pointes foliacées d'Europe centrale. , 91 – 99 . Les Eyzies : Paléo .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. 2001 . Origins and evolution of blade technologies in the Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic . Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry , 1 ( 1 ) : 3 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. 2002 . “ La Grande Plaine de l'Europe avant le Tardiglaciaire ” . In Préhistoire de la Grande Plaine du Nord de l'Europe: Les échanges entre l'Est et l'Ouest dans les sociétés préhistoriques , Edited by: Otte , M. and Kozłowski , J. K. 53 – 65 . Liège : ERAUL 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. 2004 . Early Upper Paleolithic Levallois-derived industries in the Balkans and in the middle Danube Basin . Anthropologie , 42 ( 3 ) : 263 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. and Kozłowski , S. K. 1981 . Paléohistoire de la Grande Plaine européenne . Archeologia Interregionalis , 1 : 143 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , J. K. and Kozłowski , S. K. 1996 . Le Paléolithique en Pologne. , Grenoble : Jérôme Millon .
   Google Scholar
• Kozłowski , L. 1924 . Die ältere Steinzeit in Polen . Die Eiszeit , 1 : 112 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Le Brun-Ricalens , F. 1993 . Réflexions préliminaires sur le comportement litho-technologique et l'occupation du territoire du Pays des Serres à l'Aurignacien: le gisement de ‘Toulousète’ à Beauville (Lot-et-Garonne), une occupation Moustérienne et Aurignacienne de plein air . Paléo , 5 : 127 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• McBurney , C. B. M. 1965 . “ The old Stone Age in Wales ” . In Prehistoric and Early Wales , Edited by: Daniel , G. and Forster , I. L. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Madeyska , T. 1981 . Środowisko naturalne człowieka w środkowym i górnym plejstocenie na ziemiach polskich w świetle badań geologicznych . Studia Geologica Polonica , 69 : 7 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , A. E. and Monigal , K. 2004 . “ Origins of the European Upper Paleolithic, seen from Crimea: simple myth or complex reality? ” . In The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe , Edited by: Brantingham , P. J. , Kuhn , S. L. and Kerry , K. W. 64 – 79 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maureille , B. , Toussaint , M. and Semal , P. In press . “ Intentional burial at Spy? ” . In Spy Cave: State of 120 Years of Pluridisciplinary Research on the Betche-aux-Rotches from Spy (Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Province of Namur, Belgium) , Edited by: Rougier , H. and Semal , P. Brussels : Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and NESPOS Society .
   Google Scholar
• Mellars , P. 1989 . Major issues in the emergence of modern humans . Current Anthropology , 30 : 351 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellars , P. 2005 . The impossible coincidence: a single-species model for the origins of modern human behavior in Europe . Evolutionary Anthropology , 14 : 12 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milks , A. 2010 . “ Spear throwing in the European early Upper Palaeolithic ” . University College London, Institute of Archaeology . Unpublished Master of Science dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Miller , R. and Straus , L. G. 2001 . “ Litho-economic continuity and change across the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in Belgium ” . In Questioning the Answers: Re-solving Fundamental Problem of the Early Upper Paleolithic , Edited by: Hays , M. A. and Thacker , P. T. 145 – 57 . Oxford : BAR International Series 1005 .
   Google Scholar
• Monigal , K. , Usik , V. I. , Koulakovskaya , L. and Gerasimenko , N. P. 2006 . The beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in Transcarpathia, Ukraine . Anthropologie , 54 ( 1 ) : 61 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Neruda , P. and Nerudová , Z. 2005 . The development of the production of lithic industry in the Early Upper Palaeolithic of Moravia . Archeologické rozhledy , 57 : 263 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Nerudová , Z. 2000 . Vedrovice V, szeletská technologie štipané industrie (Vedrovice V, the szeletian technology) . Acta Musei Moraviae Scientiae Sociales , 85 : 13 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Nerudová , Z. 2001 . Čepelová technologie na počátku mladého paleolitu (Early Upper Palaeolithic blade technology) . Přehled výskumů , 43 : 15 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Nigst , P. 2006 . “ The first modern humans in the middle Danube area? New evidence from Willendorf II (Eastern Austria) ” . In When Neanderthals and Modern Humans Met , Edited by: Conard , N. J. 269 – 304 . Tübingen : Tübingen Publications in Prehistory, Kerns Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Oliva , M. 1985 . “ La signification culturelle des industries paléolithiques: l'approche psychosociale ” . In La signification culturelle des industries lithiques , Edited by: Otte , M. 92 – 114 . Oxford : BAR International Series 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Orschiedt , J. and Weniger , G.-C. 2000 . Neanderthals and Modern Humans – Discussing the Transition: Central and Eastern Europe from 50.000–30.000 B.P. , Düsseldorf : Wissenschaftliche Schriften 2, Neanderthal Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Otte , M. 1979 . Le Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Belgique. , Brussels : Monographies d'Archéologie nationale 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Otte , M. 1981 . Les industries à pointes foliacées et à pointes pédonculées dans le Nord-Ouest européen . Archeologia Interregionalis , 1 : 95 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Otte , M. 1990 . “ Les industries aux pointes foliacées du Nord-Ouest européen ” . In Feuilles de pierre , Edited by: Kozłowski , J. K. 247 – 69 . Liège : ERAUL 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Otte , M. 2000 . “ Le passage du Paléolithique moyen au Paléolithique supérieur en Europe centrale et orientale ” . In A la recherche de l'Homme Préhistorique: Volume commémoratif de Miklós Gábori et de Veronika Gábori-Csánk , Edited by: Mester , Z. and Ringer , A. 41 – 49 . Liège : ERAUL 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Pelegrin , J. 1995 . Technologie lithique: Le Châtelperronien de Roc-de-Combe (Lot) et de La Côte (Dordogne) , Paris : CNRS, Cahiers du Quaternaire 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Pettitt , P. B. 1999 . Disappearing from the world: an archaeological perspective on Neanderthal extinction . Oxford Journal of Archaeology , 18 ( 3 ) : 217 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Pirson , S. , Flas , D. , Abrams , G. , Bonjean , D. , Court-Picon , M. , Di Modica , K. , Draily , C. , Damblon , F. , Haesaerts , P. , Miller , R. , Rougier , H. , Toussaint , M. and Semal , P. In press . Chronostratigraphic context of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition: recent data from Belgium . Quaternary International ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimer , P. J. , Baillie , M. G. L. , Bard , E. , Bayliss , A. , Beck , J. W. , Blackwell , P. G. , Bronk Ramsey , C. , Buck , C. E. , Burr , G. , Edwards , R. L. , Friedrich , M. , Grootes , P. M. , Guilderson , T. P. , Hajdas , I. , Heaton , T. J. , Hogg , A. G. , Hughen , K. A. , Kaiser , K. F. , Kromer , B. , McCormac , F. G. , Manning , S. W. , Reimer , R. W. , Richards , D. A. , Southon , J. R. , Talamo , S. , Turney , C. S. M. , Van der Plicht , J. and Weyhenmeyer , C. E. 2009 . Intcal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal. BP . Radiocarbon , 51 : 1111 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roebroeks , W. and Corbey , R. 2001 . “ Biases and double standards in palaeoanthropology ” . In Studying Human Origins: Disciplinary History and Epistemology , Edited by: Corbey , R. and Roebreoeks , W. 67 – 76 . Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam Archaeological Studies 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Rougier , H. , Milota , S. , Rofrogo , R. , Gherase , M. , Sarcina , L. , Moldovan , O. , Zilhão , J. , Constantin , S. , Franciscus , R. G. , Zollikofer , C. P. E. , Ponce de León , M. and Trinkaus , E. Peştera cu Oase 2 and the cranial morphology of early modern Europeans . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Vol. 104(4) , pp. 1165 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitz , R. W. , Serre , D. , Bonani , G. , Feine , S. , Hillgruber , F. , Krainitzki , H. , Pääbo , S. and Smith , F. H. The Neandertal type site revisited: interdisciplinary investigations of skeletal remains from the Neander Valley, Germany . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Vol. 99(20) , pp. 1342 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Semal , P. , Rougier , H. , Crevecoeur , I. , Jungels , C. , Flas , D. , Hauzeur , A. , Maureille , B. , Germonpré , M. , Bocherens , H. , Pirson , S. , Cammaert , L. , De Clerck , N. , Hambucken , A. , Higham , T. , Toussaint , M. and Van der Plicht , J. 2009 . New data on the Late Neandertals: direct dating of the Belgian Spy fossils . American Journal of Physical Anthropology , 138 : 421 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semal , P , Hauzeur , A , Rougier , H , Crevecoeur , I , Pirson , St , Flas , D , Germonpré , M , Jungels , C , Maureille , B , Toussaint , M , Bocherens , H , Haesaerts , P , Higham , T and van der Plicht , J . In press . “ Radiocarbon dating ” . In Spy Cave: State of 125 Years of Pluridisciplinary Research on the Betche aux Rotches from Spy (Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Province of Namur, Belgium) , Edited by: Rougier , H. and Semal , P. Brussels : Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and NESPOS Society .
   Google Scholar
• Sitlivy , V. , Zieba , A. and Sobczyk , K. 2007a . Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic of the Krakow Region. Księcia Józefa. , Brussels : Musées royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Monographs in General Prehistory .
   Google Scholar
• Sitlivy , V. , Zieba , A. and Sobczyk , K. 2007b . Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic of the Krakow Region. Piekary IIa. , Brussels : Musées royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Monographs in General Prehistory .
   Google Scholar
• Škrdla , P. 2003 . “ Bohunician technology: a refitting approach ” . In Stránská Skála: Origins of the Upper Paleolithic in the Brno Basin, Moravia, Czech Republic , Edited by: Svoboda , J. A. and Bar-Yosef , O. 117 – 51 . Cambridge, MA : American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 47, Dolni Veštonice Studies 10, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• Slimak , L. 1999 . Mise en évidence d'une composante laminaire et lamellaire dans un complexe moustérien du sud de la France . Paléo , 11 : 89 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Slimak , L. 2008 . The Neronian and the historical structure of cultural shifts from Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in Mediterranean France . Journal of Archaeological Science , 35 ( 8 ) : 2204 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sonnevilles-Bordes , D. 1961 . Le Paléolithique supérieur en Belgique . L'Anthropologie , 65 ( 5–6 ) : 421 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Straus , L. G. 1995 . “ Archaeological description of the strata ” . In Le Trou Magrit: fouilles 1991–1992: Résurrection d'un Site Classique en Wallonie , Edited by: Otte , M. and Straus , L. G. 55 – 86 . Liège : ERAUL 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Svoboda , J. 1983 . Raw materials sources in Early Upper Palaeolithic Moravia: the concept of lithic exploration area . Anthropologie , 21 ( 2 ) : 147 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Svoboda , J. 1990 . “ The Bohunician ” . In Feuilles de pierre , Edited by: Kozłowski , J. K. 199 – 211 . Liège : ERAUL 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Svoboda , J. 2004 . “ Continuities, discontinuities and interactions in Early Upper Paleolithic technologies ” . In The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe , Edited by: Brantingham , P. J. , Kuhn , S. L. and Kerry , K. W. 30 – 49 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Swainston , S. 1999 . “ Unlocking the inhospitable ” . In Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Palaeolithic: Studies in the Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East and Europe , Edited by: Davies , W. and Charles , R. 41 – 56 . Oxford : Oxbow Books .
   Google Scholar
• Szmidt , C. , Normand , C. , Burr , G. S. , Hodgins , G. W. L. and LaMotta , S. 2010 . AMS 14C dating the Protoaurignacian/early Aurignacian of Ituritz, France: implications for Neanderthal-modern human interaction and the timing of technical and cultural innovations in Europe . Journal of Archaeological Science , 37 ( 4 ) : 758 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teyssandier , N. 2000 . “ L'industrie lithique aurignacienne du secteur II de Barbas (Creysse, Dordogne): analyse technique et implications archéologiques ” . In Des comportements techniques dans la Préhistoire , Edited by: Boëda , E. and Guillomet Malmassari , V. 29 – 59 . Paris : Ateliers 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Teyssandier , N. 2008 . Revolution or evolution: the emergence of Upper Paleolithic in Europe . World Archaeology , 40 ( 4 ) : 493 – 519 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teyssandier , N. and Liolios , D. 2003 . “ Defining the earliest Aurignacian in the Swabian Alp: the relevance of the technological study of the Geissenklösterle (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) lithic and organic productions ” . In The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications , Edited by: Zilhão , J. and d'Errico , F. 179 – 96 . Lisbon : Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Tixier , J. 1991 . “ Et passez au pays des silex: rapportez-nous des lames! ” . In 25 ans d'études technologiques en Préhistoire: bilans et perspectives. , 235 – 42 . Juan-les-Pins : Éditions APDCA .
   Google Scholar
• Tostevin , G. 2003 . “ Attribute analysis of the lithic technologies of Stránská skála IIIc and IIId in regional and interregional context ” . In Stránská Skála: Origins of the Upper Paleolithic in the Brno Basin, Moravia, Czech Republic , Edited by: Svoboda , J. A. and Bar-Yosef , O. 77 – 118 . Cambridge, MA : American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 47, Dolni Veštonice Studies 10, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• Tostevin , G. B. 2007 . “ Social intimacy, artefact visibility, and acculturation models of Neanderthal-modern human interaction ” . In Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins and Dispersal of Modern Humans , Edited by: Mellars , P. , Boyle , K. , Bar-Yosef , O. and Stringer , C. 341 – 57 . Cambridge : McDonald Institute Monographs .
   Google Scholar
• Toussaint , M. , Olejniczak , A. J. , El Zaatari , S. , Cattelain , P. , Flas , D. , Letourneux , C. and Pirson , S. 2010 . The Neandertal lower right deciduous second molar from the ‘Trou de l'Abîme’ at Couvin, Belgium . Journal of Human Evolution , 58 ( 1 ) : 56 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinkaus , E. 2005 . Early modern humans . Annual Review of Anthropology , 34 : 207 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsanova , T. 2008 . Les débuts du Paléolithique supérieur dans l'Est des Balkans: Réflexion à partir de l'étude taphonomique et techno-économique des ensembles lithiques de Bacho Kiro (couche 11), Temnata (couches VI et 4) et Kozarnika (niveau VII) , Oxford : BAR International Series 1752 .
   Google Scholar
• Ulrix-Closset , M. 1995 . “ Le Moustérien récent à pointes foliacées en Belgique ” . In Les industries à pointes foliacées d'Europe centrale. , 201 – 5 . Les Eyzies : Paléo supplément 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Valoch , K. 1972 . “ Rapports entre le Paléolithique moyen et le Paléolithique supérieur en Europe centrale ” . In Origine de l'homme moderne , Edited by: Bordes , F. 161 – 71 . Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• Valoch , K. 1996 . Le Paléolithique en Tchéquie et en Slovaquie. , Grenoble : Jérôme Million .
   Google Scholar
• Valoch , K. , Kočí , A. , Mook , W. G. , Opravil , E. , van der Plicht , J. , Smolíková , L. and Weber , Z. 1993 . Vedrovice V, eine Siedlung des Szeletien in Südmähren . Quartär , 43–4 : 7 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Andel , T H. , Davies , W. and Weninger , B. 2003 . “ The human presence in Europe during the Last Glacial Period I: human migrations and the changing climate ” . In Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the European Landscape during the Last Glaciation: Archaeological Results of Stage 3 Project , Edited by: van Andel , T. H. and Davies , W. 31 – 56 . Cambridge : McDonald Institute Monographs .
   Google Scholar
• Vialou , D. 2004 . “ Sociétés préhistoriques ” . In La préhistoire: Histoire et dictionnaire , Edited by: Vialou , D. 29 – 127 . Paris : Robert Laffont .
   Google Scholar
• Vishnyatsky , L. B. and Nehoroshev , P. E. 2004 . “ The beginning of the Upper Paleolithic of the Russian Plain ” . In The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe , Edited by: Brantingham , P. J. , Kuhn , S. L. and Kerry , K. W. 80 – 96 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• White , M. J. and Pettitt , P. 2011 . The British Late Middle Palaeolithic: an interpretative synthesis of Neanderthal occupation at the northwestern edge of the Pleistocene world . Journal of World Prehistory , 24 ( 1 ) : 25 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilhão , J. 2006a . Neandertals and moderns mixed, and it matters . Evolutionary Anthropology , 15 : 183 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilhão , J. 2006b . “ Aurignacian, behaviour, modern: issues of definition in the emergence of the European Upper Paleolithic ” . In Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian , Edited by: Bar-Yosef , O. and Zilhão , J. 53 – 69 . Lisbon : Trabalhos de Arqueologia 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Zilhão , J. 2007 . The emergence of ornaments and art: an archaeological perspective on the origins of ‘behavioral modernity’ . Journal of Archaeological Research , 15 : 1 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilhão , J. and d'Errico , F. The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications: Proceedings of Symposium 6.1 of the XIVth Congress of the UISPP (University of Liège, Belgium, September 2–8, 2001) . Lisbon : Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33 .
   Google Scholar