Thorir’s bargain: gender, vaðmál and the law

References

• Andersson, T. and W. Miller 1989. Law and Literature in Medieval Iceland: Ljósvetninga Saga and Valla- Ljóts Saga. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson Strand, E. 2012. ‘Tool and Textiles, Production and Organisation in Birka and Hedeby.’ In The Viking Settlements and Viking Society: Papers from the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Viking Congress, Reykjavik and Reykholt 16th-23rd August 2009, edited by S. Sigmundsson, 1–17. Reykjavik: University of Iceland Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bek Pedersen, K. 2007. ‘Are the Spinning Nornir just a Yarn?’ Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 3: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Bek Pedersen, K. 2009. ‘Weaving Swords and Rolling Heads: A Peculiar Space in Old Norse Tradition.’ Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 5: 23–39.
   Google Scholar
• Bender Jørgensen, E. 1984. ‘Northern European Textile Production and Trade in the 1st Millennium AD: A Research Project.’ Journal of Danish Archaeology 3: 124–34.
   Google Scholar
• Bender Jørgensen, E. 1992. North European Textiles until AD 1000. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bender Jørgensen, E. 2003. ‘Scandinavia AD 400–1000.’ In The Cambridge History of Western Textiles I, edited by D. Jenkins, 132–38. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bernharðsson, H., M.L. Magnússon and M. Jónsson. 2005. Járnsíða og Kristniréttur Árna Þorlákssonar. Reykjavik: Sögufélag.
   Google Scholar
• Cleasby, R., G. Vigfusson and W. Craigie. 1957. An Icelandic–English Dictionary. 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, A., P. Foote and R. Perkins. 1980. Laws of Early Iceland, Grágás I. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, A., P. Foote and R. Perkins. 2002. Laws of Early Iceland, Grágás II. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gaðarsdóttir, V. 2010. ‘Alþingisreiturinn, Bindi 1 og 2.’ Unpublished excavation report. Reykjavik.
   Google Scholar
• Gelsinger, B. 1981. Icelandic Enterprise, Commerce and Economy in the Middle Ages. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gjerset, K. 1924. History of Iceland. New York: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Gräslund, A-S. 1995. ‘The Christianization of Central Sweden from a Female Perspective.’ In Rom und Byzanz im Norden: Mission und Glaubenswechsel im Ostseeraum Während des 8.-14: Jahrhunderts, Band I, edited by M. Müller-Wille, 313–28. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Litteratur.
   Google Scholar
• Gräslund, A-S. 1999. ‘Is There Evidence of Powerful Women in Late Iron Age Svealand?’ In Völker an Nordun Ostsee und die Franken Akten des 48: Sachsensymposiums in Mannheim vom 7. Bis 11. September 1997, edited by U. Von Freeden, U. Kock and A. Wieczorek, 91–8. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Gräslund, A-S. 2001a. ‘“Kvinna satt där, snodde sin slända”. Några Reflektioner om Fynd av Sländtrissor i Birka.’ In Vi Får Tacka Lamm, edited by J. P. Lamm and B. Magnus, 73–78. Stockholm: Statens Historika Museum.
   Google Scholar
• Gräslund, A-S. 2001b. ‘The Position of Iron Age Scandinavian Women: Evidence from Graves and Rune Stones.’ In Gender and the Archaeology of Death, edited by B. Arnold and N. Wicker, 81–102. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gullbeck, S. H. 2011. ‘Norway: Commodity Money, Silver and Coins.’ In Silver Economies, Monetization and Society in Scandinavia AD 800–1100, edited by J. Graham-Campbell, S. M. Sindbæk and G. Williams, 91–8. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1962. ‘Forn Röggvarvefnaður.’ Árbók hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 1962: 12–71.
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1965. ‘Um skinnsaum.’ Árbók hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 1964: 69–87.
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1970. The National Costume of Women in Iceland. Reykjavik: Litbrá.
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1973. ‘Íslenzk Útsaumsheiti og Útsaumsgerdir á miðöldum.’ Árbók hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 1972: 131–50
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1992. ‘Um Rokka, Eeinkum med Tilliti til Skotrokka.’ Árbók hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 1992: 11–52.
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1994. ‘Um Vefstóla og Vefara á Íslandi á 18. og 19. öld.’ Árbók hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 1993: 5–50.
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1998b. ‘Kljásteinavefstaðir á Íslandi og á Grænlandi.’ Árbók hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 1996– 97: 95–120.
   Google Scholar
• Guðjónsson, E. 1998a. ‘Um Vefstóla á Íslandi á 18. Öld. Nokkrar Athugasemdir.’ Árbók hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 1996– 7: 129–40.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, M. 1995. Cultural Anthropology. 4th edn. New York: HarperCollins.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, R., H. Roberts and W. P. Adderley. 2008. ‘Gásir in Eyjafjörður: International Exchange and Local Economy in Medieval Iceland.’ Journal of the North Atlantic 1: 99–119.
   Google Scholar
• Hayeur Smith, Michèle. 2004. Draupnir’s Sweat and Mardöll’s Tears: An Archaeology of Jewellery, Gender and Identity in Viking Age Iceland. Oxford: BAR International Series.
   Google Scholar
• Hayeur Smith, M. 2012a. ‘Some in Rags, Some in Jags and Some in Silken Gowns: Textiles from Iceland’s Early Modern Period.’ International Journal of Historic Archaeology 16 (3):509–28. doi:10.1007/s10761-012-0190-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayeur Smith, M. 2012b. ‘The Heddle Rods Are Blood-Soaked Spears: Life, Death, Fate, and Female Embodiment through Weaving in Viking Age and Medieval Iceland.’ Paper presented at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco, 14–18 November.
   Google Scholar
• Hayeur Smith, M. In press. ‘Weaving Wealth: Cloth and Trade in Viking Age and Medieval Iceland.’ In Textiles and Economy, edited by A. Huang and C. Jahnke. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Heide, E. 2006. ‘Spinning seiðr.’ In Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions: An International Conference in Lund Sweden, June 3–7, 2004, edited by A. Andren, K. Jennbert and C. Raudvere,164–70. Lund: Nordic Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Helgason, A., E. Hickey, S. Goodacre, V. Bosnes, K. Stefánsson, R. Ward and B. Sykes. 2001. ‘mtDNA and the Islands of the North Atlantic: Estimating the Proportions of Norse and Gaelic Ancestry.’ American Journal of Human Genetics 68: 723–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, M. 1974. The Warp-Weighted Loom: Studies in the History and Technology of an Ancient Implement. Oslo: Hestholms Boktrykkeri A.s.
   Google Scholar
• Ingstad, A. S. 1982. ‘The Functional Textiles from the Osberg Ship.’ In North European Symposium on Archaeological Textiles NESAT 1, edited by L. Bender Jørgensen and K. Tidow, 85–96. Neumünster: Textilsymposium Neumünster.
   Google Scholar
• Jesch, J. 1991. Women in the Viking Age. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jochens, J. 1995. Women in Old Norse Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jónsson, M. 2004. Jónsbók, Lögbók Íslendinga. Reykjavik: Háskólaútgáfan.
   Google Scholar
• Lárusson, B. 1967. The Old Icelandic Land Registers. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas, G. 2009. Hofstaðir: Excavation of a Viking Age Feasting Hall in North-Eastern Iceland. Reykjavik: Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series.
   Google Scholar
• Maurer, B. 2006. ‘The Anthropology of Money.’ Annual Review of Anthropology 2006 (35):15–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minar, C. J. 2001. ‘Motor Skills and the Learning Process: The Conservation of Cordage Final Twist Direction in Communities of Practice.’ Journal of Anthropological Research 57 (4):381–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meulengracht Sørensen, P. 1983. The Unmanly Man, Concepts of Sexual Defamation in Early Northern Society. Translated by J. Turvile Petre. Odense: Odense University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Normann, L. 2008. Viking Women: The Narrative Voice in Woven Tapestries. New York: Cambria Press.
   Google Scholar
• Østergård, E. 2004. Woven into the Earth: Textiles from Norse Greenland. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Robertsdóttir, H. 2008. Wool and Society: Manufacturing Policy, Economic Thought and Local Production in 18th-Century Iceland. Göteborg: Makadam.
   Google Scholar
• Saul, M. 2004. ‘Money in Colonial Transition: Cowries and Francs in West Africa.’ American Anthropologist new series 106 (1):71–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skre, D. 2011. ‘Commodity Money, Silver and Coinage in Viking-Age Scandinavia.’ In Silver Economies: Monetisation, and Society in Scandinavia AD 800–1100, edited by J. Graham-Campbell, S. M. Sindbæk and G. Williams, 67–92. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, K. P. 1995. ‘Landnám: The Settlement of Iceland in Archaeological and Historical Perspective.’ World Archaeology 26 (3):319–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sveinbjarnardóttir, G. 2012. Reykholt: Archaeological Investigations at a High Status Farm in Western Iceland. Reykjavik: National Museum of Iceland.
   Google Scholar
• Þórláksson, Helgi. 1988. ‘Gráfeldir á gullöld og vodaverk kvenna’ [Gray Cloaks in the Golden Age and Women’s Work]. Ný Saga 2: 40–53.
   Google Scholar
• Þórláksson, H. 1991. Vaðmál og Verðlag: Vaðmál í Útanlandsviðskiptum og Búskap Íslendinga á 13. og 14. Öld. Reykjavik: Háskóli Íslands.
   Google Scholar
• Walton Rogers, P. 2012. ‘Textiles, Wool and Hair.’ In Reykholt: Archaeological Investigations at a High Status Farm in Western Iceland, edited by G. Sveinbjarnardóttir, 196–217. Reykjavik: National Museum of Iceland.
   Google Scholar