The potential of lactoferrin: a call for future research in poultry nutrition

References

• Acda, S. P., F. E. Merca, F. A. Cruz, M. C. R. Oliveros, A. A. Angeles, and A. T. A. Aguirre. 2015. “Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on Growth Performance and Intestinal Histologic Features of Broilers.” Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 41 (1): 1–1.
   Google Scholar
• Actor, J. K., S. A. Hwang, and M. L. Kruzel. 2009. “Lactoferrin as a Natural Immune Modulator.” Current Pharmaceutical Design 15 (17): 1956–1973. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161209788453202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlerova, L., A. Bartoskova, and M. Faldyna. 2008. “Lactoferrin: A Review.” Veterinarni Medicina 53 (9): 457–468. https://doi.org/10.17221/1978-VETMED.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelmelk, B. J., Y. Q. An, M. Geerts, B. G. Thijs, H. A. De Boer, D. M. MacLaren, J. De Graaff, and J. H. Nuijens. 1994. “Lactoferrin is a Lipid A-Binding Protein.” Infection and Immunity 62 (6): 2628–2632. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.62.6.2628-2632.1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arain, M. A., G. B. Khaskheli, A. H. Shah, I. B. Marghazani, G. S. Barham, Q. A. Shah, F. M. Khand, J. A. Buzdar, F. Soomro, and S. A. Fazlani. 2022. “Nutritional Significance and Promising Therapeutic/Medicinal Application of Camel Milk as a Functional Food in Human and Animals: A Comprehensive Review.” Animal Biotechnology 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2022.2059490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arain, M. A., Z. Mei, F. Hassan, M. Saeed, M. Alagawany, A. Shar, and I. Rajput. 2018. “Lycopene: A Natural Antioxidant for Prevention of Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress in Poultry.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 74: 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917001040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arain, M. A., F. Nabi, I. B. Marghazani, F. U. Hassan, H. Soomro, H. Kalhoro, F. Soomro, and J. A. Buzdar. 2022. “In Ovo Delivery of Nutraceuticals Improves Health Status and Production Performance of Poultry Birds: A Review.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 78: 765–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2022.2091501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arain, M. A., F. Nabi, Q. A. Shah, M. Alagawany, S. A. Fazlani, M. Khalid, F. Soomro, F. M. Khand, M. R. Farag. 2022. “The Role of Early Feeding in Improving Performance and Health of Poultry: Herbs and Their Derivatives.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 78:499–513. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2022.2043133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkadir, D., T. Dinur, S. Revel-Vilk, M. B. Cohen, C. Cozma, M. Hovakimyan, S. Eichler, A. Rolfs, and A. Zimran. 2018. “Glucosylsphingosine is a Reliable Response Biomarker in Gaucher Disease.” American Journal of Hematology 93 (6): E140–E142. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, R. R., M. Brewer, and J. J. Gauthier. 1980. “Bactericidal Activity of Human Lactoferrin: Sensitivity of a Variety of Microorganisms.” Infection and Immunity 28 (3): 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.28.3.893-898.1980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artym, J., and M. Zimecki. 2005. “Rola laktoferryny w prawidłowym rozwoju noworodka the Role of Lactoferrin in the Proper Development of Newborns.” Postepy Higieny I Medycyny Doświadczalnej 59:421–432.
   Google Scholar
• Ashraf, M. F., D. Zubair, M. N. Bashir, M. Alagawany, S. Ahmed, Q. A. Shah, J. A. Buzdar, and M. A. Arain. 2023. “Nutraceutical and Health-Promoting Potential of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein in Human and Animal: Current Knowledge.” Biological Trace Element Research 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03658-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badr, H., N. M. Nabil, and M. M. Tawakol. 2021. “Effects of the Prebiotic Lactoferrin on Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Infections in Broiler Chickens.” Veterinary World 14 (8): 2197. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2197-2205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian, S. A., D. C. Pye, and M. D. P. Willcox. 2012. “Levels of Lactoferrin, Secretory IgA and Serum Albumin in the Tear Film of People with Keratoconus.” Experimental Eye Research 96 (1): 132–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2011.12.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baveye, S., E. Elass, J. Mazurier, G. Spik, and D. Legrand. 1999. “Lactoferrin: A Multifunctional Glycoprotein Involved in the Modulation of the Inflammatory Process.” Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 281–286. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.1999.049.
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy, W., M. Takase, K. Yamauchi, H. Wakabayashi, K. Kawase, and M. Tomita. 1992. “Identification of the Bactericidal Domain of Lactoferrin.” Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1121 (1–2): 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(92)90346-F.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlutti, F., F. Pantanella, T. Natalizi, A. Frioni, R. Paesano, A. Polimeni, and P. Valenti. 2011. “Antiviral Properties of Lactoferrin—A Natural Immunity Molecule.” Molecules 16 (8): 6992–7018. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16086992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertuccini, L., M. Costanzo, F. Iosi, A. Tinari, F. Terruzzi, L. Stronati, M. Aloi, S. Cucchiara, and F. Superti. 2014. “Lactoferrin Prevents Invasion and Inflammatory Response Following E. Coli Strain LF82 Infection in Experimental Model of Crohn’s Disease.” Digestive and Liver Disease 46 (6): 496–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2014.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais, A., A. Malet, T. Mikogami, C. Martin-Rouas, and D. Tomé. 2009. “Oral Bovine Lactoferrin Improves Bone Status of Ovariectomized Mice.” American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 296 (6): E1281–E1288. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90938.2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bokare, A. D., and W. Choi. 2014. “Review of Iron-Free Fenton-Like Systems for Activating H2O2 in Advanced Oxidation Processes.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 275:121–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet, C., F. Diarrassouba, R. Brousseau, L. Masson, E. Topp, and M. S. Diarra. 2009. “Pathotype and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Distributions of Escherichia coli Isolates from Broiler Chickens Raised on Antimicrobial-Supplemented Diets.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75 (22): 6955–6962. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00375-09.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock, J. H. 1980. “Lactoferrin in Human Milk: Its Role in Iron Absorption and Protection Against Enteric Infection in the Newborn Infant.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 55 (6): 417. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.55.6.417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock, J. H. 2002. “The Physiology of Lactoferrin.” Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1139/o01-212.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caccavo, D., N. M. Pellegrino, M. Altamura, A. Rigon, L. Amati, A. Amoroso, and E. Jirillo. 2002. “Antimicrobial and Immunoregulatory Functions of Lactoferrin and Potential Therapeutic Application.” Journal of Endotoxin Research 8 (6): 403–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/09680519020080060901.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Camaschella, C. 2015. “Iron-Deficiency Anemia.” New England Journal of Medicine 372 (19): 1832–1843. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1401038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, X., Y. Ren, Q. Lu, K. Wang, Y. Wu, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, X. S. Cui, Z. Yang, and Z. Chen. 2022. “Lactoferrin: A Glycoprotein That Plays an Active Role in Human Health.” Frontiers in Nutrition 9: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1018336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chand, N., and R. U. Khan. 2014. “Replacement of Soybean Meal with Yeast Single Cell Protein in Broiler Ration: The Effect on Performance Traits.” Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46 (6): 1753–1758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, P. W., W. C. Chen, and F. C. Mao. 2004. “Increase of Lactoferrin Concentration in Mastitic Goat Milk.” Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 66 (4): 345–350. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.66.345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J. B., J. Q. Wang, D. P. Bu, G. L. Liu, C. G. Zhang, H. Y. Wei, L. Y. Zhou, and J. Z. Wang. 2008. “Factors Affecting the Lactoferrin Concentration in Bovine Milk.” Journal of Dairy Science 91 (3): 970–976. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conneely, O. M. 2001. “Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Lactoferrin.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20 (sup5): 389S–395S. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, K. K., and J. G. Songer. 2009. “Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens: A Paradigm of Enteric Infection by Clostridium perfringens Type A.” Anaerobe 15 (1–2): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornish, J., K. E. Callon, D. Naot, K. P. Palmano, T. Banovic, U. Bava, M. Watson, et al. 2004. “Lactoferrin is a Potent Regulator of Bone Cell Activity and Increases Bone Formation in vivo.” Endocrinology 145 (9): 4366–4374. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-1307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dănilă, C. M., G. E. Mărginean, M. P. Marin, C. G. Nicolae, and L. Vidu. 2022. “Review of the Health Benefits of Lactoferrin.” Scientific Papers: Series D, Animal Science-The International Session of Scientific Communications of the Faculty of Animal Science 65 (2).
   Google Scholar
• Diarra, M. S., and F. Malouin. 2014. “Antibiotics in Canadian Poultry Productions and Anticipated Alternatives.” Frontiers in Microbiology 5:282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, L. G., W. M. Alencar, R. Iacuzio, N. C. Silva, and C. S. Picone. 2022. “Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Antibacterial Lactoferrin Nanoparticles.” Current Research in Food Science 5: 642–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2022.03.009.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elbaz, A., and S. El-Sheikh. 2020. “Effect of Dietary Probiotic, Antibiotic or Combination on Broiler Performance, Cecum Microbial Population and Ileal Development.” Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal 21 (3): 74–79. https://doi.org/10.21608/mvmj.2020.21.313.
   Google Scholar
• Elsayed, H., and D. E. D. E. Hussei. 2022. “Impact of Different Concentrations of Lactoferrin on the Shelf Life of the Chilled Chicken Breast.” Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science 60 (3): 110–123.
   Google Scholar
• Farnaud, S., and R. W. Evans. 2003. “Lactoferrin—A Multifunctional Protein with Antimicrobial Properties.” Molecular Immunology 40 (7): 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-5890(03)00152-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furmanski, P., Z. P. Li, M. B. Fortuna, C. V. Swamy, and M. R. Das. 1989. “Multiple Molecular Forms of Human Lactoferrin. Identification of a Class of Lactoferrins That Possess Ribonuclease Activity and Lack Iron-Binding Capacity.” The Journal of Experimental Medicine 170 (2): 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.170.2.415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geier, M. S., V. A. Torok, P. Guo, G. E. Allison, M. Boulianne, V. Janardhana, A. G. D. Bean, and R. J. Hughes. 2011. “The Effects of Lactoferrin on the Intestinal Environment of Broiler Chickens.” British Poultry Science 52 (5): 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2011.607429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giansanti, F., G. Panella, L. Leboffe, and G. Antonini. 2016. “Lactoferrin from Milk: Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Properties.” Pharmaceuticals 9 (4): 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph9040061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Chávez, S. A., S. Arévalo-Gallegos, and Q. Rascón-Cruz. 2009. “Lactoferrin: Structure, Function and Applications.” International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 33 (4): 301–e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.07.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Sánchez, M., F. Bartolome, D. Antequera, V. Puertas-Martín, P. González, A. Gómez-Grande, S. Llamas-Velasco, et al. 2020. “Decreased Salivary Lactoferrin Levels are Specific to Alzheimer’s Disease.” EBio Medicine 57:102834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, C. E. M., M. Cumberbatch, S. C. Tucker, R. J. Dearman, S. Andrew, D. R. Headon, and I. Kimber. 2001. “Exogenous Topical Lactoferrin Inhibits Allergen‐Induced Langerhans Cell Migration and Cutaneous Inflammation in Humans.” British Journal of Dermatology 144 (4): 715–725. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04125.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara, K., M. Ikeda, S. Saito, S. Matsumoto, K. Numata, N. Kato, K. Tanaka, and H. Sekihara. 2002. “Lactoferrin Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Cultured Human Hepatocytes.” Hepatology Research 24 (3): 228–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6346(02)00088-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, J. M., Y. Xue, and Q. M. Lin. 2012. “Bovine Lactoferrin Improves Bone Mass and Microstructure in Ovariectomized Rats via OPG/RANKL/RANK Pathway.” Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 33 (10): 1277–1284. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2012.83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey, B. D., N. Huang, and K. C. Klasing. 2002. “Rice Expressing Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Has Antibiotic-Like Properties When Fed to Chicks.” The Journal of Nutrition 132 (6): 1214–1218. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung, C. M., C. C. Yeh, H. L. Chen, C. W. Lai, M. F. Kuo, M. H. Yeh, W. Lin, M. Y. Tu, H. C. Cheng, and C. M. Chen. 2010. “Porcine Lactoferrin Administration Enhances Peripheral Lymphocyte Proliferation and Assists Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccination in Native Chickens.” Vaccine 28 (16): 2895–2902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imoto, I., T. Yasuma, C. N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza, S. Oka, M. Misaki, N. Horiki, and E. C. Gabazza. 2023. “Antimicrobial Effects of Lactoferrin Against Helicobacter pylori Infection.” Pathogens 12 (4): 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenssen, H., and R. E. Hancock. 2009. “Antimicrobial Properties of Lactoferrin.” Biochimie 91 (1): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2008.05.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane, S. V., W. J. Sandborn, P. A. Rufo, A. Zholudev, J. Boone, D. Lyerly, M. Camilleri, and S. B. Hanauer. 2003. “Fecal Lactoferrin is a Sensitive and Specific Marker in Identifying Intestinal Inflammation.” The American Journal of Gastroenterology 98 (6): 1309–1314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07458.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehoe, S. I., B. M. Jayarao, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2007. “A Survey of Bovine Colostrum Composition and Colostrum Management Practices on Pennsylvania Dairy Farms.” Journal of Dairy Science 90 (9): 4108–4116. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kell, D. B., E. L. Heyden, and E. Pretorius. 2020. “The Biology of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein That Can Help Defend Against Viruses and Bacteria.” Frontiers in Immunology 11:1221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konuspayeva, G., B. Faye, G. Loiseau, and D. Levieux. 2007. “Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin Contents in Camel’s Milk (Camelus bactrianus, Camelus dromedarius, and Hybrids) from Kazakhstan.” Journal of Dairy Science 90 (1): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)72606-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruzel, M. L., Y. Harari, D. Mailman, J. K. Actor, and M. Zimecki. 2002. “Differential Effects of Prophylactic, Concurrent and Therapeutic Lactoferrin Treatment on LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Mice.” Clinical and Experimental Immunology 130 (1): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01956.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krzyzowska, M., M. Janicka, E. Tomaszewska, K. Ranoszek-Soliwoda, G. Celichowski, J. Grobelny, and P. Szymanski. 2022. “Lactoferrin-Conjugated Nanoparticles as New Antivirals.” Pharmaceutics 14 (9): 1862. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumari, S., D. Bhattacharya, N. Rangaraj, S. Chakarvarty, A. K. Kondapi, and N. M. Rao. 2018. “Aurora Kinase B siRna-Loaded Lactoferrin Nanoparticles Potentiate the Efficacy of Temozolomide in Treating Glioblastoma.” Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 13 (20): 2579–2596. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar, P., Y. S. Lakshmi, and A. K. Kondapi. 2017. “Triple Drug Combination of Zidovudine, Efavirenz and Lamivudine Loaded Lactoferrin Nanoparticles: An Effective Nano First-Line Regimen for HIV Therapy.” Pharmaceutical Research 34 (2): 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-2048-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, S. J., E. H. Wong, C. Boyer, and G. G. Qiao. 2018. “Antimicrobial Polymeric Nanoparticles.” Progress in Polymer Science 76: 40–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legrand, D., A. Pierce, E. Elass, M. Carpentier, C. Mariller, and J. Mazurier. 2008. “Lactoferrin Structure and Functions.” Bioactive Components of Milk 163–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_6.
   Google Scholar
• Lepanto, M. S., L. Rosa, R. Paesano, P. Valenti, and A. Cutone. 2019. “Lactoferrin in Aseptic and Septic Inflammation.” Molecules 24 (7): 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Q., Y. Shi, L. Song, X. Li, H. Tan, S. Yu, Y. Jiang, et al. 2019. “Study on the Recombinant Chicken Origin Lactobacillus Expressing Bovine Lactoferrin Peptides Against IBDV Infection.” Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 41 (4): 402–407.
   Google Scholar
• Li, H., Q. Yao, L. Min, S. Huang, H. Wu, H. Yang, L. Fan, J. Wang, and N. Zheng. 2020. “The Combination of Two Bioactive Constituents, Lactoferrin and Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Mouse Xenograft Esophageal Tumor Growth by Downregulating Lithocholyltaurine and Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3-Related Pathway.” ACS Omega 5 (33): 20755–20764. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Małaczewska, J., R. Wójcik, and A. K. Siwicki. 2008. “In vitro Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on the Activity of Chicken Blood Leukocytes.” Medycyna Weterynaryjna 64 (12): 1430–1433.
   Google Scholar
• Malet, A., E. Bournaud, A. Lan, T. Mikogami, D. Tomé, and A. Blais. 2011. “Bovine Lactoferrin Improves Bone Status of Ovariectomized Mice via Immune Function Modulation.” Bone 48 (5): 1028–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.02.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metz‐Boutigue, M. H., J. Jollés, J. Mazurier, F. Schoentgen, D. Legrand, G. Spik, J. Montreuil, and P. Jolles. 1984. “Human Lactotransferrin: Amino Acid Sequence and Structural Comparisons with Other Transferrins.” European Journal of Biochemistry 145 (3): 659–676. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08607.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mishra, A., B. K. Ojha, N. Patel, R. K. Patel, J. S. Rajoriya, and A. K. Singh. 2018. “Potential of Lactoferrin as a Novel Nutraceutical.” International Journal of Livestock Research 8: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20170501064613.
   Google Scholar
• Mohamed, H., and W. Younis. 2018. “Trials on the Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Colonization and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia Coli K88.” Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences 58 (1). https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.297887.
   Google Scholar
• Montagne, P., M. L. Cuilliere, C. Mole, M. C. Bene, and G. Faure. 2001. “Changes in Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Levels in Human Milk During the First Twelve Weeks of Lactation.” Bioactive Components of Human Milk 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1371-1_30.
   Google Scholar
• Mountzouris, K. C., P. Tsirtsikos, E. Kalamara, S. Nitsch, G. Schatzmayr, and K. Fegeros. 2007. “Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Probiotic Containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus Strains in Promoting Broiler Performance and Modulating Cecal Microflora Composition and Metabolic Activities.” Poultry Science 86 (2): 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.2.309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder, A. M., P. A. Connellan, C. J. Oliver, C. A. Morris, and L. M. Stevenson. 2008. “Bovine Lactoferrin Supplementation Supports Immune and Antioxidant Status in Healthy Human Males.” Nutrition Research 28 (9): 583–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.05.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi, F., and M. A. Arain. 2022. “Editorial: Rising Stars in Comparative and Clinical Medicine: 2021.” Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9:1030960. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1030960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi, F., M. Arain, F. Hassan, M. Umar, N. Rajput, M. Alagawany, S. Syed, J. Soomro, F. Somroo, and J. Liu. 2020. “Nutraceutical Role of Selenium Nanoparticles in Poultry Nutrition: A Review.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 76: 459–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2020.1789535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi, F., M. A. Arain, N. Rajput, M. Alagawany, J. Soomro, M. Umer, F. Soomro, Z. Wang, R. Ye, and J. Liu. 2020. “Health Benefits of Carotenoids and Potential Application in Poultry Industry: A Review.” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 104 (6): 1809–1818. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagpal, R., P. Behare, R. Rana, A. Kumar, M. Kumar, S. Arora, F. Morotta, S. Jain, and H. Yadav. 2011. “Bioactive Peptides Derived from Milk Proteins and Their Health Beneficial Potentials: An Update.” Food & Function 2 (1): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0FO00016G.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na, Y. J., S. B. Han, J. S. Kang, Y. D. Yoon, S. K. Park, H. M. Kim, K. H. Yang, and C. O. Joe. 2004. “Lactoferrin Works as a New LPS-Binding Protein in Inflammatory Activation of Macrophages.” International Immunopharmacology 4 (9): 1187–1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.05.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidu, A. S. 2002. “Activated Lactoferrin- a New Approach to Meat Safety.” Food Technology 56 (3): 40–46. http://www.nterminus.com/sublinks/publications/(45)%20ALF-Food%20Technology.pdf.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayanan, S., R. L. Redfern, W. L. Miller, K. K. Nichols, and A. M. McDermott. 2013. “Dry Eye Disease and Microbial Keratitis: Is There a Connection?” The Ocular Surface 11 (2): 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2012.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narmuratova, Z., F. Hentati, J. M. Girardet, M. Narmuratova, and C. Cakir-Kiefer. 2022. “Equine Lactoferrin: Antioxidant Properties Related to Divalent Metal Chelation.” LWT 161:113426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak, P. S., S. M. Borah, H. Gogoi, S. Asthana, R. Bhatnagar, A. N. Jha, and S. Jha. 2019. “Lactoferrin Adsorption Onto Silver Nanoparticle Interface: Implications of Corona on Protein Conformation, Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity and the Formulation Adjuvanticity.” Chemical Engineering Journal 361:470–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nhung, N. T., N. Chansiripornchai, and J. J. Carrique-Mas. 2017. “Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review.” Frontiers in Veterinary Science 4:126. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niaz, B., F. Saeed, A. Ahmed, M. Imran, A. A. Maan, M. K. I. Khan, T. Tufail, F. M. Anjum, S. Hussain, and H. A. R. Suleria. 2019. “Lactoferrin (LF): A Natural Antimicrobial Protein.” International Journal of Food Properties 22 (1): 1626–1641. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2019.1666137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, S. M., C. W. Pyo, Y. Kim, and S. Y. Choi. 2004. “Neutrophil Lactoferrin Upregulates the Human p53 Gene Through Induction of NF-Κb Activation Cascade.” Oncogene 23 (50): 8282–8291. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okubo, K., M. Kamiya, Y. Urano, H. Nishi, J. M. Herter, T. Mayadas, D. Hirohama, et al. 2016. “Lactoferrin Suppresses Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release in Inflammation.” EBio Medicine 10:204–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oniciuc, E. A., E. Likotrafiti, A. Alvarez-Molina, M. Prieto, J. A. Santos, and A. Alvarez-Ordóñez. 2018. “The Present and Future of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and Whole Metagenome Sequencing (WMS) for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistant Microorganisms and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Across the Food Chain.” Genes 9 (5): 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9050268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paesano, R., F. Berlutti, M. Pietropaoli, F. Pantanella, E. Pacifici, W. Goolsbee, and P. Valenti. 2010. “Lactoferrin Efficacy versus Ferrous Sulfate in Curing Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women.” Biometals 23 (3): 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9335-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paintsil, E. K., L. A. Ofori, C. W. Akenten, D. Fosu, S. Ofori, M. Lamshöft, J. May, K. O. Danso, R. Krumkamp, and D. Dekker. 2021. “Antimicrobial Usage in Commercial and Domestic Poultry Farming in Two Communities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.” Antibiotics 10 (7): 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070800.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, J. A., and K. M. Burkholder. 2003. “Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Poultry Production.” Poultry Science 82 (4): 627–631. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.4.627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peric, L., D. Zikic, and M. Lukic. 2009. “Application of Alternative Growth Promoters in Broiler Production.” Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 25 (5–6–1): 387–397. https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH0906387P.
   Google Scholar
• Phaniendra, A., D. B. Jestadi, and L. Periyasamy. 2015. “Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases.” Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 30 (1): 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirzado, S. A., M. A. Arain, C. Huiyi, S. A. Fazlani, M. Alagawany, and L. Gouhua. 2021. “Effect of Azomite on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Tibia Breaking Strength of Broiler Chickens During Starter Period.” Animal Biotechnology 33 (7): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2021.1914644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. A., M. S. Parvin, R. R. Sarker, and M. T. Islam. 2012. “Effects of Growth Promoter and Multivitamin-Mineral Premix Supplementation on Body Weight Gain in Broiler Chickens.” Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 10 (2): 245–248. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14914.
   Google Scholar
• Rehman, H., P. Hellweg, D. Taras, and J. J. P. S. Zentek. 2008. “Effects of Dietary Inulin on the Intestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Microbial Ecology in Broiler Chickens as Revealed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis.” Poultry Science 87 (4): 783–789. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezk, M., M. Kandil, R. Dawood, A. E. Shaheen, and A. Allam. 2015. “Oral Lactoferrin versus Ferrous Sulphate and Ferrous Fumarate for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy.” Journal of Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism 1: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.21608/amj.2020.67107.
   Google Scholar
• Roseanu, A., P. Florian, M. Condei, D. Cristea, and M. Damian. 2010. “Antibacterial Activity of Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin Against Oral Streptococci.” Romanian Biotechnological Letters 15 (6): 5788–5792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabra, S., and M. M. Agwa. 2020. “Lactoferrin, a Unique Molecule with Diverse Therapeutical and Nanotechnological Applications.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 164: 1046–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.167.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saeed, M., Y. Xu, M. A. Arain, R. N. Soomro, M. E. A. El-Hack, Z. A. Bhutto, A. Benazir, D. Kuldeep, S. Muhammad, and S. Chao. 2017. “Nutritional and Healthical Aspects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) for Human, Animals and Poultry.” International Journal of Pharmacology 13 (4): 361–369. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2017.361.369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeed, M., X. Yatao, F. U. Hassan, M. A. Arain, M. E. Abd El-Hack, A. E. Noreldin, and C. Sun. 2018. “Influence of Graded Levels of L-Theanine Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Organs Histomorphometry, Blood Chemistry and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 (2): 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safaeian, L., and H. Zabolian. 2014. “Antioxidant Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin on Dexamethasone-Induced Hypertension in Rat.” International Scholarly Research Notices 2014:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/943523.
   Google Scholar
• Saki, A. A., and H. Mahmoudi. 2015. “Effects of in Ovo Injection of Bovine Lactoferrin Before Incubation in Layer Breeder Eggs on Tibia Measurements and Performance of Laying Hens.” Animal 9 (11): 1813–1819. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115001093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, R. S., and C. L. Hofacre. 2006. “Potential Impacts of Antibiotic Use in Poultry Production.” Avian Diseases 50 (2): 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1637/7569-033106R.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. A. 2021. “Lactoferrin.” https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119951438.eibc0586.
   Google Scholar
• Sohnle, P. G., M. J. Hunter, B. Hahn, and W. J. Chazin. 2000. “Zinc-Reversible Antimicrobial Activity of Recombinant Calprotectin (Migration Inhibitory Factor—Related Proteins 8 and 14).” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 182 (4): 1272–1275. https://doi.org/10.1086/315810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, T., Y. Qin, L. Ke, X. Wang, K. Wang, Y. Sun, and J. Ye. 2022. “Dietary Lactoferrin Supplementation Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Orange-Spotted Groupers (Epinephelus coioides).” Metabolites 12 (10): 915. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, L., Y. Shao, X. Li, Y. Jiang, W. Cui, Y. Li, J. Yin, and L. Tang. 2017. “Effect of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Bovine Lactoferrin Peptide Against Salmonella pullorum Infection in Chicken.” Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 39 (3): 206–209.
   Google Scholar
• Superti, F. 2020. “Lactoferrin from Bovine Milk: A Protective Companion for Life.” Nutrients 12 (9): 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabari, M. A., B. Poźniak, A. Abrishami, A. A. Moradpour, M. H. Shahavi, S. Kazemi, and M. R. Youssefi. 2021. “Antitrichomonal Activity of Metronidazole-Loaded Lactoferrin Nanoparticles in Pigeon Trichomoniasis.” Parasitology Research 120 (9): 3263–3272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07263-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Y. M., D. G. Wang, J. Li, X. H. Li, Q. Wang, N. Liu, W. T. Liu, and Y. X. Li. 2016. “Relationships Between Micronutrient Losses in Sweat and Blood Pressure Among Heat-Exposed Steelworkers.” Industrial Health 54 (3): 215–223. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2014-0225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulloa, P. E., C. J. Solís, J. F. De la Paz, T. G. Alaurent, M. Caruffo, A. J. Hernández, P. Dantagnan, and C. G. Feijóo. 2016. “Lactoferrin Decreases the Intestinal Inflammation Triggered by a Soybean Meal-Based Diet in Zebrafish.” Journal of Immunology Research 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1639720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Strate, B. W. A., L. Beljaars, G. Molema, M. C. Harmsen, and D. K. F. Meijer. 2001. “Antiviral Activities of Lactoferrin.” Antiviral Research 52 (3): 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-3542(01)00195-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. Z., T. Z. Shan, Z. R. Xu, J. Feng, and Z. Q. Wang. 2007. “Effects of the Lactoferrin (LF) on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Microflora and Morphology of Weanling Pigs.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 135 (3–4): 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, B., Y. P. Timilsena, E. Blanch, and B. Adhikari. 2019. “Lactoferrin: Structure, Function, Denaturation and Digestion.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59 (4): 580–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1381583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, P. P., E. U. G. E. N. E. Paz, and O. M. Conneely. 2005. “Lactoferrin: Multifunctional Roles of Lactoferrin: A Critical Overview.” Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 62 (22): 2540–2548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5369-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisgrill, L., I. Wessely, A. Spittler, E. Förster-Waldl, A. Berger, and K. Sadeghi. 2018. “Human Lactoferrin Attenuates the Proinflammatory Response of Neonatal Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.” Clinical & Experimental Immunology 192 (3): 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, A. S., and R. P. Singh. 2004. “Natural Preservatives in Poultry Meat Products.”
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Z., R. Jiang, Q. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Duan, X. Pang, S. Jiang, et al. 2018. “Concentration of Lactoferrin in Human Milk and Its Variation During Lactation in Different Chinese Populations.” Nutrients 10 (9): 1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen, C. C., C. J. Shen, W. H. Hsu, Y. H. Chang, H. T. Lin, H. L. Chen, and C. M. Chen. 2011. “Lactoferrin: An Iron-Binding Antimicrobial Protein Against Escherichia coli Infection.” Biometals 24 (4): 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-011-9423-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi, M., S. Kaneko, D. Yu, and S. Murakami. 1997. “Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Proteins Bind Lactoferrin.” Journal of Virology 71 (8): 5997–6002. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.71.8.5997-6002.1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., C. Lu, and J. Zhang. 2021. “Lactoferrin and Detection Methods: A Review.” Nutrients 13 (8): 2492. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, J., J. L. Ather, T. S. Sonstegard, and D. E. Kerr. 2005. “Characterization of the Infection-Responsive Bovine Lactoferrin Promoter.” Gene 353 (1): 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.04.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar