Egg storage conditions and manipulations during storage: effect on egg quality traits, embryonic development, hatchability and chick quality of broiler hatching eggs

References

• Abdel-Halim, A. A., F. R. Mohamed, A. A. Desoky, M. A. Elmenawey, and H. B. Gharib. 2015. “Effect of Heating Hatching Eggs Before or During Storage on the Alleviation of the Negative Effect of Prolonged Storage Periods on Hatchability.” Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 35(3):703–717.
   Google Scholar
• Abioja, M. O., J. A. Abiona, O. F. Akinjute, and H. T. Ojoawo. 2021. “Effect of Storage Duration on Egg Quality, Embryo Mortality and Hatchability in FUNAAB‐ɑ Chickens.” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 105 (4): 715–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abioja, M. O., O. F. Akinjute, H. T. Ojoawo, A. M. Shittu, and M. B. Komolafe. 2022. “Effect of storage duration on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatching traits in Transylvanian naked neck chickens under humid tropical conditions.” Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49 (5): 36–46. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3578
   Google Scholar
• Ackerman, R. A., and H. Rahn. 1981. “In vivo O2 and Water Vapor Permeability of the Hen’s Eggshell During Early Development.” Respiration Physiology 45 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(81)90044-X.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Addo, A., J. A. Hamidu, A. Y. Ansah, and K. Adomako. 2018. “Impact of Egg Storage Duration and Temperature on Egg Quality, Fertility, Hatchability and Chick Quality in Naked Neck Chickens.” International Journal of Poultry Science 17 (4): 175–183. https://doi.org/10.3923/IJPS.2018.175.183.
   Google Scholar
• Araújo, I. C. S. D., N. S. M. Leandro, M. A. Mesquita, M. B. Café, H. H. C. Mello, and E. Gonzales. 2017. “Water Vapor Conductance: A Technique Using Eggshell Fragments and Relations with Other Parameters of Eggshell.” Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 46 (12): 896–902. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902017001200004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora, K. L., and I. L. Kosin. 1966a. “Changes in the Gross Morphological Appearance of Chicken and Turkey Blastoderms During Preincubation Storage.” Poultry Science 45 (4): 819–825. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0450819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora, K. L., and I. L. Kosin. 1966b. “Developmental Responses of Early Turkey and Chicken Embryos to Preincubation Holding of Eggs: Inter-And Intra-Species Differences.” Poultry Science 45 (5): 958–970. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0450958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ar, A., C. V. Paganelli, R. B. Reeves, D. G. Greene, and H. Rahn. 1974. “The Avian Egg: Water Vapor Conductance, Shell Thickness, and Functional Pore Area.” The Condor 76 (2): 153–158. https://doi.org/10.2307/1366725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayeni, A. O., J. O. Agbede, F. A. Igbasan, G. E. Onibi, and M. Adegbenro. 2020. “Effects of Storage Periods and Positioning During Storage on Hatchability and Weight of the Hatched Chicks from Different Egg Sizes.” Bulletin of the National Research Centre 44 (1): 101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00362-4.
   Google Scholar
• Bakst, M. R., V. Akuffo, D. Nicholson, and N. French. 2012. “Comparison of Blastoderm Traits from 2 Lines of Broilers Before and After Egg Storage and Incubation.” Poultry Science 91 (10): 2645–2648. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-02118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basha, H. A. 2015. “Effect of Storage Period on Egg Weight Loss, Hatching Weight and Hatchability Percentage of Incubated Egyptian Balady Eggs.” Alexandria Journal Veterinary Science 47 (1): 216–220. https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.207712.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, W. A. 1964. “The storage of White Leghorn hatching eggs in plastic bags.” Poultry Science 43 (5): 1109–1112. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0431109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, W. A., and G. E. Bearse. 1958. “Pre-Incubation Warming and Hatchability of Chicken Eggs.” Poultry Science 37 (4): 944–948. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.0370944.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, W. A., J. V. Spencer, and J. L. Swartwood. 1968. “Carbon Dioxide During Storage of Chicken and Turkey Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 47 (1): 251–258. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0470251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton, C. E., and J. Brake. 1996. “The Effect of Broiler Breeder Flock Age and Length of Egg Storage on Egg Albumen During Early Incubation.” Poultry Science 75 (9): 1069–1075. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0751069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergoug, H., C. Burel, M. Guinebretière, Q. Tong, N. Roulston, C. E. B. Romanini, V. Exadaktylos, et al. 2013. “Effect of Pre-Incubation and Incubation Conditions on Hatchability, Hatch Time and Hatch Window, and Effect of Post-Hatch Handling on Chick Quality at Placement.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 69 (2): 313–334. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933913000329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilalissi, A., H. T. Meteyake, Y. A. E. Kouame, O. E. Oke, H. Lin, O. Onagbesan, E. Decuypere, and K. Tona. 2022. “Effects of pre-incubation storage duration and nonventilation incubation procedure on embryonic physiology and post-hatch chick performance.” Poultry Science 101 (5): 101810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, S. E., D. E. Muscarella, M. Y. Lee, and M. Rachlinski. 1998. “Cell Death in the Avian Blastoderm: Resistance to Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Expression of Anti-Apoptotic Genes.” Cell Death and Differentiation 5 (6): 529–538. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4400381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman, J. C. 1969. “Storage of Hatching Eggs: 2. Evidence of genotype× Environment Interactions.” British Poultry Science 10 (1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071666908415738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, K., C. C. Talbot, A. J. Long, G. Welch, N. French, D. Nicholson, and M. R. Bakst. 2022. “Transcriptome Analysis of Blastoderms Exposed to Prolonged Egg Storage and Short Periods of Incubation During Egg Storage.” BMC Genomics 23 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08463-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brake, J., T. J. Walsh, C. E. Benton Jr., J. N. Petitte, R. Meijerhof, and G. Penalva. 1997. “Egg Handling and Storage.” Poultry Science 76 (1): 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.1.144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramwell, K. R. 2008. “Temperature Variation in On-Farm Hatching Egg Holding Units.” The Poultry Site, Accessed October 24. https://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/temperature-variation-in-onfarm-hatching-egg-holding-units.
   Google Scholar
• Chattock, A. P. 1925. “On the Physics of Incubation.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 213 (402–410):397–450. ( Cited from New, 1957).
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, V. L. 2001. “Factors associated with early embryonic mortality.” World's poultry science journal 57 (4): 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20010025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobb-vantress. 2020. “Cobb breeder management guide.” Accessed September 4,https://www.cobb-vantress.com/assets/Cobb-Files/management-guides/ca1b2a76ed/Cobb-Breeder-Management-Guide.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cordeiro, C. M., and M. T. Hincke. 2016. “Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Eggshell Membrane Proteins During Chick Embryonic Development.” Journal of Proteomics 130:11–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2015.08.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutchin, H. R., M. J. Wineland, V. L. Christensen, S. Davis, and K. M. Mann. 2009. “Embryonic Development When Eggs are Turned Different Angles During Incubation.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 18 (3): 447–451. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damaziak, K. 2021. “Preincubation and Preheating – Two Different Methods but with One Purpose for Use in Hatchery. Can Their Interaction Be Twice as Effective?” World’s Poultry Science Journal 77 (4): 969–981. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2021.1960237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damaziak, K., M. Pawęska, D. Gozdowski, and J. Niemiec. 2018. “Short Periods of Incubation, Egg Turning During Storage and Broiler Breeder Hens Age for Early Development of Embryos, Hatching Results, Chicks Quality and Juvenile Growth.” Poultry Science 97 (9): 3264–3276. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dareste, C. 1891. Recherches sur la production artificielle des monstruosites ou essais de teratogenie experimental. 2nd ed. Paris: Reinwald. (Cited from New 1957).
   Google Scholar
• Decuypere, E., and V. Bruggeman. 2007. “The Endocrine Interface of Environmental and Egg Factors Affecting Chick Quality.” Poultry Science 86 (5): 1037–1042. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.5.1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decuypere, E., K. Tona, V. Bruggeman, and F. Bamelis. 2001. “The day-old chick: a crucial hinge between breeders and broilers.” World's poultry science journal 57 (2): 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20010010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeming, D. C. 1991. “Reasons for the Dichotomy in the Need for Egg Turning During Incubation in Birds and Reptiles.” In Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles, edited by D. C. Deeming and M. W. J. Ferguson, 307–323. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511585739.020.
   Google Scholar
• Dymond, J., B. Vinyard, A. D. Nicholson, N. A. French, and M. R. Bakst. 2013. “Short Periods of Incubation During Egg Storage Increase Hatchability and Chick Quality in Long-Stored Broiler Eggs.” Poultry Science 92 (11): 2977–2987. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebeid, T. A., F. A. Twfeek, M. H. Assar, A. M. Bealish, R. E. Abd El-Karim, and M. Ragab. 2017. “Influence of pre-storage incubation on hatchability traits, thyroid hormones, antioxidative status and immunity of newly hatched chicks at two chicken breeder flock ages.” Animal 11 (11): 1966–1974. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117000738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, C. L. 1902. “The Physiological Zero and the Index of Development for the Egg of the Domestic Fowl, Gallus Domesticus: A Contribution to the Subject of the Influence of Temperature on Growth.” American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content 6 (6): 351–397. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1902.6.6.351.
   Google Scholar
• Eichholz, M. W., and B. N. Towery. 2010. “Potential Influence of Egg Location on Synchrony of Hatching of Precocial Birds.” The Condor 112 (4): 696–700. https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.100029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekine, O. A., and P. K. Ajuogu. 2011. “The Impact of Pre-Incubation Storage Temperatures on Hatchable Chicken Eggs.” Innovations in Science and Engineering 1:92–96.
   Google Scholar
• El-Hack, M. E., C. B. Hurtado, D. M. Toro, M. Alagawany, E. M. Abdelfattah, and S. S. Elnesr. 2022. “Impact of Environmental and Incubation Factors on Hatchability of Duck Eggs.” Biological Rhythm Research 53 (1): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1628394.
   Google Scholar
• Elibol, O., and J. Braket. 2003. “Effect of Frequency of Turning from Three to Eleven Days of Incubation on Hatchability of Broiler Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 82 (3): 357–359. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.3.357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elibol, O., S. D. Peak, and J. Brake. 2002. “Effect of Flock Age, Length of Egg Storage, and Frequency of Turning During Storage on Hatchability of Broiler Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 81 (7): 945–950. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.7.945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eroglu, M., and Z. Erisir. 2022. “The Effects of Breeder Age and Laying Period on Hatchability and Some External Egg Quality Characteristics in Breeder Geese.” Animal Science Papers and Reports 40 (1): 89–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyal-Giladi, H., and S. Kochav. 1976. “From Cleavage to Primitive Streak Formation: A Complementary Normal Table and a New Look at the First Stages of the Development of the Chick: I. General Morphology.” Developmental Biology 49 (2): 321–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(76)90178-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eycleshymer, A. C. 1906. “Some Observations and Experiments on the Natural and Artificial Incubation of the Egg of the Common Fowl.” The Biological Bulletin 12 (6): 360–374. ( Cited from New 1957). https://doi.org/10.2307/1535688.
   Google Scholar
• Fasenko, G. M. 2007. “Egg Storage and the Embryo.” Poultry Science 86 (5): 1020–1024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.5.1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasenko, G. M., V. L. Christensen, M. J. Wineland, and J. N. Petitte. 2001a. “Examining the Effects of Prestorage Incubation of Turkey Breeder Eggs on Embryonic Development and Hatchability of Eggs Stored for Four or Fourteen Days.” Poultry Science 80 (2): 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.2.132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasenko, G. M., R. T. Hardin, F. E. Robinson, and J. L. Wilson. 1992a. “Relationship of Hen Age and Egg Sequence Position with Fertility, Hatchability, Viability, and Preincubation Embryonic Development in Broiler Breeders.” Poultry Science 71 (8): 1374–1383. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0711374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasenko, G. M., F. E. Robinson, R. T. Hardin, and J. L. Wilson. 1992b. “Research Note: Variability in Preincubation Embryonic Development in Domestic Fowl. 2. Effects of Duration of Egg Storage Period.” Poultry Science 71 (12): 2129–2132. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0712129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasenko, G. M., F. E. Robinson, A. I. Whelan, K. M. Kremeniuk, and J. A. Walker. 2001b. “Prestorage Incubation of Long-Term Stored Broiler Breeder Eggs: 1. Effects on Hatchability.” Poultry Science 80 (10): 1406–1411. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.10.1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk, E. M., and H. V. Biellier. 1944. “The Minimum Temperature for Embryonic Development in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus Domesticus).” Poultry Science 23 (6): 538–540. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0230538.
   Google Scholar
• Funk, E. M., and J. Forward. 1951. Effect of Humidity and Turning of Eggs Before Incubation on Hatching Results. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station.
   Google Scholar
• Funk, E. M., and J. Forward. 1960b. “The Relation of Angle of Turning and Position of the Egg to Hatchability of Chicken Eggs.” Poultry Science 39 (3): 784–785. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0390784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk, E. M., and J. E. Forward. 1960a. “Effect of Holding Temperature on Hatchability of Chicken Eggs.” Research Bulletin 732. Accessed August 11, 2022. https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/58157/AESResearchBulletin.pdf?sequence=1.
   Google Scholar
• Funk, E. M., J. F. Forward, and H. L. Kempster. 1950. “Effect of Holding Temperature on Hatchability of Eggs.” University of Missouri, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station 539. Columbia, Missouri.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, J. L., and S. McHanwell. 1987. “Measurement of intra-embryonic pH during the early stages of development in the chick embryo.” Cell and tissue research 247: 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goliomytis, M., T. Tsipouzian, and A. L. Hager-Theodorides. 2015. “Effects of Egg Storage on Hatchability, Chick Quality, Performance and Immunocompetence Parameters of Broiler Chickens.” Poultry Science 94 (9): 2257–2265. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucbilmez, M., S. Özlü, R. Shiranjang, O. Elibol, and J. Brake. 2013. “Effects of Preincubation Heating of Broiler Hatching Eggs During Storage, Flock Age, and Length of Storage Period on Hatchability.” Poultry Science 92 (12): 3310–3313. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.2013-03133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guinebretière, M., J. Puterflam, A. Keïta, S. Réhault-Godbert, R. Thomas, P. Chartrin, E. Cailleau-Audouin, E. Coudert, and A. Collin. 2022. “Storage Temperature or Thermal Treatments During Long Egg Storage Duration Influences Hatching Performance and Chick Quality.” Frontiers in Physiology 13:360. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.852733.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, S. K., and M. R. Bakst. 1993. “Turkey Embryo Staging from Cleavage Through Hypoblast Formation.” Journal of Morphology 217 (3): 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052170306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halgrain, M., S. Georgeault, N. Bernardet, M. T. Hincke, and S. Réhault-Godbert. 2022. “Concomitant Morphological Modifications of the Avian Eggshell, Eggshell Membranes and the Chorioallantoic Membrane During Embryonic Development.” Frontiers in Physiology 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.838013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamidu, J. A., K. Adomako, S. Adamu, A. M. Ajaottor, G. J. Amankwah, K. M. Gyasi, and L. A. Konadu. 2018. “Impact of Layer Egg Storage Conditions on Eggs and Embryo Quality Indices Prior to Incubation.” Livestock Research for Rural Development 30 (11). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd30/11/jaham30184.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hamidu, J. A., A. M. Rieger, G. M. Fasenko, and D. R. Barreda. 2010. “Dissociation of Chicken Blastoderm for Examination of Apoptosis and Necrosis by Flow Cytometry.” Poultry Science 89 (5): 901–909. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2009-00552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamidu, J. A., Z. Uddin, M. Li, G. M. Fasenko, L. L. Guan, and D. R. Barreda. 2011. “Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; Broiler Egg Storage Induces Cell Death and Influences Embryo Quality.” Poultry Science 90 (8): 1749–1757. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haque, M. A., J. T. Pearson, P. L. Hou, and H. Tazawa. 1996. “Effects of pre-incubation egg storage on embryonic functions and growth.” Respiration physiology 103 (1): 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(95)00062-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasan, A., and A. O. Aylin. 2009. “Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Hen Age on Egg Quality in Free-Range Layer Hens.” Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8 (10): 1953–1958.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, J. L. 1975. “Investigation of Changes in Yolk Moisture.” Poultry Science 54 (6): 2007–2014. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0542007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, J. L. 1977. “Chemical and Related Osmotic Changes in Egg Albumen During Storage.” Poultry Science 56 (3): 822–828. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0560822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hester, P. Y. 2017. “Effects of Temperature and Storage Conditions on Eggs.” Egg Innovations and Strategies for Improvements 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800879-9.00012-3.
   Google Scholar
• Jacob, J. P., R. D. Miles, and F. B. Mather. 2000. Egg quality. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida PS24.
   Google Scholar
• Jin, Y. H., K. T. Lee, Y. K. Lee, and Y. K. Han. 2011. “Effects of Storage Temperature and Time on the Quality of Eggs from Laying Hens at Peak Production.” Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 24 (2): 279–284. https://doi.org/10.5713/AJAS.2011.10210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato, A., R. Nakamura, and Y. Sato. 1970. “Studies on Changes in Stored Shell Eggs Part VI. Changes in the Chemical Composition of Ovomucin During Storage.” Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 34 (7): 1009–1013. https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1970.10859728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato, S., M. Okamura, N. Shimamoto, and H. Utiyama. 1981. “Spectral Evidence for a Rapidly Formed Structural Intermediate in the Refolding Kinetics of Hen Egg-White Lysozyme.” Biochemistry 20 (5): 1080–1085. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00508a006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. J., S. H. Khan, A. Bukhsh, M. I. Abbass, and M. Javed. 2013. “Effect of Different Storage Period on Egg Weight, Internal Egg Quality and Hatchability Characteristics of Fayumi Eggs.” Italian Journal of Animal Science 12 (2): e51. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2013.e51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk, S., D. Arnot, R. M. McDonald, and G. C. Emmans. 1980. “Factors Affecting the Hatchability of Eggs from Broiler Breeders.” British Poultry Science 21 (1): 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668008416633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi, T., and I. L. Kosin. 1974. “Morbidity of Aging Non Incubated Chicken Blastoderms: Further Cytological Evidence and Interpretation.” Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 32 (3): 557–571. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.32.3.557.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kosin, I. L., and E. St. Pierre. 1956. “Studies on Pre-Incubation Warming of Chicken and Turkey Eggs.” Poultry Science 35 (6): 1384–1392. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.0351384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapao, C., L. T. Gama, and M. C. Soares. 1999. “Effects of Broiler Breeder Age and Length of Egg Storage on Albumen Characteristics and Hatchability.” Poultry Science 78 (5): 640–645. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.5.640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y. M., S. Druyan, S. Yahav, and J. Brake. 2017. “Thermal Treatments Prior to and During the Beginning of Incubation Affects Development of the Broiler Embryo and Yolk Sac Membranes, and Live Performance and Carcass Characteristics.” Poultry Science 96 (6): 1939–1947. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEW467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomholt, J. P. 1976. “The Development of the Oxygen Permeability of the Avian Egg Shell and Its Membranes During Incubation.” Journal of Experimental Zoology 198 (2): 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401980207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lucisano, M., A. Hidalgo, E. M. Comelli, and M. Rossi. 1996. “Evolution of Chemical and Physical Albumen Characteristics During the Storage of Shell Eggs.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44 (5): 1235–1240. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950485o.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmud, A., and T. N. Pasha. 2008. “Effect of Storage, Pre-Heating and Turning During Holding Period on the Hatchability of Broiler Breeder Eggs.” Pakistan Veterinary Journal 28 (3): 153–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather, C. M., and K. F. Laughlin. 1976. “Storage of hatching eggs: the effect on total incubation period.” British Poultry Science 17 (5): 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071667608416302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather, C. M., and K. F. Laughlin. 1977. “Storage of Hatching Eggs: The Effect on Early Embryonic Development.” British Poultry Science 18 (5): 597–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071667708416408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather, C. M., and K. F. Laughlin. 1979. “Storage of Hatching Eggs: The Interaction Between Parental Age and Early Embryonic Development.” British Poultry Science 20 (6): 595–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071667908416626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijerhof, R., F. R. Leenstra, and J. P. T. M. Noordhuizen. 1994. “Influence of Pre‐Incubation Treatment on Hatching Results of Broiler Breeder Eggs Produced at 37 and 59 Weeks of Age.” British Poultry Science 35 (2): 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669408417689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijerhof, R., and G. van Beek. 1993. “Mathematical Modelling of Temperature and Moisture Loss of Hatching Eggs.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 165 (1): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1006/JTBI.1993.1175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meir, M., and A. Ar. 1998. “Pre-Incubation Warming as a Means of Lengthening Storage Time of Fertile Eggs”. In Proceeding 10th European Poultry Conference, 825–829. Israel: World’s Poultry Science Association, Beekbergen, the Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Melo, E. F., I. C. S. Araújo, M. V. Triginelli, F. L. S. Castro, N. C. Baião, and L. J. C. Lara. 2021. “Effect of Egg Storage Duration and Egg Turning During Storage on Egg Quality and Hatching of Broiler Hatching Eggs.” Animal 15 (2): 100111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, E. R., and H. R. Wilson. 1976. “Hatchability of Bobwhite Quail Eggs as Influenced by Pre-Incubation Storage and Turning.” Poultry Science 55 (6): 2476–2478. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0552476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molapo, S. M., M. Mahlehla, P. P. Kompi, and M. Taoana. 2021. “Effect of egg storage length on hatchability and survival of Koekoek chickens.” Journal of World's Poultry Research 11 (1): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2021.5
   Google Scholar
• Mousa-Balabel, T. M., and E. K. Y. Saleem. 2004. “Effect of Selection and Duration of Storage of Broiler Hatching Eggs on Hatchability Percent and Chick Weight.” Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal 2 (2): 197–208. https://doi.org/10.21608/kvmj.2004.112436.
   Google Scholar
• Mussehl, F. E., and P. Bancroft. 1924. “Effect of Low Temperatures on Hatching Power of Hen’s Eggs.” Poultry Science 4 (2): 79–81. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.0040079.
   Google Scholar
• Nangsuay, A., R. Molenaar . Van den , R. Meijerhof, I. Van den Anker, M. J. W. Heetkamp, B. Kemp, H. Van den Brand. 2015. “Differences in egg nutrient availability, development, and nutrient metabolism of broiler and layer embryos.” Poultry Science 94 (3): 415–423. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasri, H., H. van den Brand, T. Najar, and M. Bouzouaia. 2020. “Interactions Between Egg Storage Duration and Breeder Age on Selected Egg Quality, Hatching Results, and Chicken Quality.” Animals 10 (10): 1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New, D. A. T. 1957. “A Critical Period for the Turning of hens’ Eggs.” Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 5 (1): 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.5.3.293.
   Google Scholar
• Okasha, H. M., G. M. El-Gendi, and K. M. Eid. 2023. “The Effect of Storage Periods and SPIDES on Embryonic Mortality, Hatching Characteristics, and Quality of Newly Hatched Chicks in Broiler Eggs.” Tropical Animal Health and Production 55 (2): 133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03547-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen, M. 1930. “Influence of turning and other factors on the hatching power of hens’ eggs.” Thesis, Iowa State College (quoted from Landauer, 1951).
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, M. W., and S. K. Haynes. 1948. “The Effect of Different Holding Temperatures on the Hatchability of Hens’ Eggs.” Poultry Science 27 (4): 420–426. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.0270420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onagbesan, O., V. Bruggeman, L. De Smit, M. Debonne, A. Witters, K. Tona, and E. Decuypere. 2007. “Gas Exchange During Storage and Incubation of Avian Eggs: Effects on Embryogenesis, Hatchability, Chick Quality and Post-Hatch Growth.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 63 (4): 557–573. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933907001614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özlü, S. 2021a. “Research Note: Storage Period and Prewarming Temperature Effects on Synchronous Egg Hatching from Broiler Breeder Flocks During the Early Laying Period.” Poultry Science 100 (3): 100918. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSJ.2020.12.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özlü, S. 2021b. “Comparative Staging of Blastoderm Development at Oviposition in Eggs from Layer and Broiler Grandparent Breeder Flocks.” Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 9 (6): 1232–1236. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1232-1236.4348.
   Google Scholar
• Özlü, S., O. Elibol, and J. Brake. 2018. “Effect of Storage Temperature Fluctuation on Embryonic Development and Mortality, and Hatchability of Broiler Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 97 (11): 3878–3883. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEY253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özlü, S., A. Uçar, T. Erkuş, S. Yasun, A. D. Nicholson, and O. Elibol. 2021. “Effects of Flock Age, Storage Temperature, and Short Period of Incubation During Egg Storage, on the Albumen Quality, Embryonic Development, and Hatchability of Long Stored Eggs.” British Poultry Science 62 (4): 611–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2021.1887454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, J. T., M. A. Haque, P. C. L. Hou, and H. Tazawa. 1996. “Developmental Patterns of O2 Consumption, Heart Rate and O2 Pulse in Unturned Eggs.” Respiration Physiology 103 (1): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(95)00061-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peebles, E. D., and J. Brake. 1987. “Eggshell Quality and Hatchability in Broiler Breeder Eggs.” Poultry Science 66 (4): 596–604. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0660596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petitte, J. N., M. E. Clarck, G. Liu, A. M. Verrinder Gibbins, and R. J. Etches. 1990. “Production of Somatic and Germline Chimeras in the Chicken by Transfer of Early Blastodermal Cells.” Development 108 (1): 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.108.1.185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, R. E. 1945. “Hatchability as influenced by environmental and different storage temperatures.” Poultry Science 24 (1): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0240025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piestun, Y., S. Druyan, J. Brake, and S. Yahav. 2013. “Thermal Treatments Prior to and During the Beginning of Incubation Affect Phenotypic Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Posthatching.” Poultry Science 92 (4): 882–889. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.2012-02568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, N., E. Ben-Tal Cohen, O. Genin, D. Sela-Donenfeld, and Y. Cinnamon. 2017. “Cellular and Morphological Characterization of Blastoderms from Freshly Laid Broiler Eggs.” Poultry Science 96:4399–4408. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, N., E. B. T. Cohen, O. Genin, M. Ruzal, D. Sela-Donenfeld, and Y. Cinnamon. 2018. “Effects of Storage Conditions on Hatchability, Embryonic Survival and Cytoarchitectural Properties in Broiler from Young and Old Flocks.” Poultry Science 97 (4): 1429–1440. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEX393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, N., O. Genin, D. Sela-Donenfeld, and Y. Cinnamon. 2022. “Storage Temperature Dictates the Ability of Chicken Embryos to Successfully Resume Development by Regulating Expression of Blastulation and Gastrulation Genes.” Frontiers in Physiology 13 (2022): 2578. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.960061.
   Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, N., D. Sela-Donenfeld, and Y. Cinnamon. 2021. “The Chick Blastoderm During Diapause, a Landmark for Optimization of Preincubation Storage Conditions.” Poultry Science 100 (8): 101227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proudfoot, F. G. 1966. “Hatchability of Stored Chicken Eggs as Affected by Daily Turning During Storage and Prewarming and Vacuuming Eggs Enclosed in Plastic with Nitrogen.” Canadian Journal of Animal Science 46 (1): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas66-008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randles, C. A., and A. L. Romanoff. 1950. “Some Physical Aspects of the Amnion and Allantois of the Developing Chick Embryo.” Experimental Zoology 114 (1): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401140104.
   Google Scholar
• Reijrink, I. 2010. Storage of Hatching Eggs: Effects of Storage and Early Incubation Conditions on Egg Characteristics, Embryonic Development, Hatchability, and Chicken Quality. The Netherlands: Wageningen University and Research.
   Google Scholar
• Reijrink, I. A. M., D. Berghmans, R. Meijerhof, B. Kemp, and H. van den Brand. 2010a. “Influence of Egg Storage Time and Preincubation Warming Profile on Embryonic Development, Hatchability, and Chick Quality.” Poultry Science 89 (6): 1225–1238. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.2009-00182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reijrink, I. A. M., R. Meijerhof, B. Kemp, E. A. M. Graat, and H. Van den Brand. 2009. “Influence of Prestorage Incubation on Embryonic Development, Hatchability, and Chick Quality.” Poultry Science 88 (12): 2649–2660. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reijrink, I. A. M., R. Meijerhof, B. Kemp, and H. van den Brand. 2008. “The Chicken Embryo and Its Micro Environment During Egg Storage and Early Incubation.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 64 (4): 581–598. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933908000214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reijrink, I. A. M., R. Meijerhof, B. Kemp, and H. van den Brand. 2010b. “Influence of Egg Warming During Storage and Hypercapnic Incubation on Egg Characteristics, Embryonic Development, Hatchability, and Chick Quality.” Poultry Science 89 (11): 2470–2483. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.2010-00798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis, L. H., L. T. Gama, and M. C. Soares. 1997. “Effects of Short Storage Conditions and Broiler Breeder Age on Hatchability, Hatching Time, and Chick Weights.” Poultry Science 76 (11): 1459–1466. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.11.1459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renema, R. A., J. J. R. Feddes, K. L. Schmid, M. A. Ford, and A. R. Kolk. 2006. “Internal Egg Temperature in Response to Preincubation Warming in Broiler Breeder and Turkey Eggs.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/JAPR/15.1.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. R. 2004. “Factors Affecting Egg Internal Quality and Egg Shell Quality in Laying Hens.” The Journal of Poultry Science 41 (3): 161–177. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.41.161.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, D. S., and J. B. Monsey. 1972. “Changes in the Composition of Ovomucin During Liquefaction of Thick Egg White: The Effect of Ionic Strength and Magnesium Salts.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 23 (7): 893–904. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740230710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roque, L., and M. C. Soares. 1994. “Effects of Eggshell Quality and Broiler Breeder Age on Hatchability.” Poultry Science 73 (12): 1838–1845. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, M., and C. Pompei. 1995. “Changes in Some Egg Components and Analytical Values Due to Hen Age.” Poultry Science 74 (1): 152–160. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0740152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, J., and C. A. Lunam. 2002. “Effect of Pre-Incubation Storage Conditions on Hatchability, Chick Weight at Hatch and Hatching Time in Broiler Breeders.” British Poultry Science 43 (3): 374–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120103648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samli, H. E., A. Agma, and N. Senkoylu. 2005. “Effects of Storage Time and Temperature on Egg Quality in Old Laying Hens.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 14 (3): 548–553. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.3.548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte-Drüggelte, R. 2011. “Recommendations for Hatching Egg Handling and Storage.” Lohmann Information 46 (1): 55. Accessed August 11, 2022. https://www.lohmann-information.com/content/l_i_46_artikel7.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, H. M. 1933. “The Effect of Age and Holding Temperatures on Hatchability of Turkey and Chicken Eggs.” Poultry Science 12 (1): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.0120049.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, T. A., and F. G. Silversidest. 2000. “The Effect of Storage and Strain of Hen on Egg Quality.” Poultry Science 79 (12): 1725–1729. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour, R. S., and K. Wagner-Amos. 2008. “Non-Invasive Measurement of Oxygen Partial Pressure, Lateral Diffusion and Chorioallantoic Blood Flow Under the Avian Eggshell.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 150 (2): 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.05.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafey, T. M., and T. H. Al-Mohsen. 2002. “Embryonic Growth, Hatching Time and Hatchability Performance of Meat Breeder Eggs Incubated Under Continuous Green Light.” Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 15 (12): 1702–1707. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.1702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson, A. B. 1985. “Position and Turning of Turkey Eggs During Storage Prior to Incubation.” Poultry Science 64 (7): 1279–1284. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0641279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tainika, B. 2022. “Thermal Manipulation: Embryonic Development, Hatchability, and Hatching Quality of Broiler Chicks.” In Broiler Industry, edited by G. Tellez-Isaias, J. D. Latorre, and Y. Martínez-Aguilar, 1–19. London: IntechOpen.
   Google Scholar
• Takeshita, K., and G. R. McDaniel. 1982. “Relationship of Egg Position During Incubation on Early Embryonic Growth and Hatching of Broiler Breeder Eggs.” Poultry Science 61 (4): 667–672. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0610667.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terčič, D., and M. Pestotnik. 2016. “Effects of Flock Age, Prestorage Heating of Eggs, Egg Position During Storage and Storage Duration on Hatchability Parameters in Layer Parent Stock.” Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 5(supplement 5):138–142.
   Google Scholar
• Tesarova, M. P., M. Skoupa, M. Foltyn, Z. Tvrdon, and M. Lichovnikova. 2021. “Research Note: Effects of Preincubation and Higher Initiating Incubation Temperature of Long-Term Stored Hatching Eggs on Hatchability and Day-Old Chick and Yolk Sac Weight.” Poultry Science 100 (8): 101293. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSJ.2021.101293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tona, K., F. Bamelis, W. Coucke, V. Bruggeman, and E. Decuypere. 2001. “Relationship Between Broiler Breeder’s Age and Egg Weight Loss and Embryonic Mortality During Incubation in Large-Scale Conditions.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 10 (3): 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/10.3.221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tona, K., F. Bamelis, B. De Ketelaere, V. Bruggeman, V. M. Moraes, J. Buyse, O. Onagbesan, and E. Decuypere. 2003b. “Effects of Egg Storage Time on Spread of Hatch, Chick Quality, and Chick Juvenile Growth.” Poultry Science 82 (5): 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.5.736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tona, K., R. D. Malheiros, F. Bamelis, C. Careghi, V. M. Moraes, O. Onagbesan, E. Decuypere, and V. Bruggeman. 2003a. “Effects of Storage Time on Incubating Egg Gas Pressure, Thyroid Hormones, and Corticosterone Levels in Embryos and on Their Hatching Parameters.” Poultry Science 82 (5): 840–845. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.5.840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tona, K., O. Onagbesan, B. De Ketelaere, E. Decuypere, and V. Bruggeman. 2004. “Effects of Age of Broiler Breeders and Egg Storage on Egg Quality, Hatchability, Chick Quality, Chick Weight, and Chick Posthatch Growth to Forty-Two Days.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13 (1): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/13.1.10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tullett, S. G., and D. C. Deeming. 1987. “Failure to Turn Eggs During Incubation: Effects on Embryo Weight, Development of the Chorioallantois and Absorption of Albumen.” British Poultry Science 28 (2): 239–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668708416958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uddin, Z., and J. A. Hamidu. 2014. “Prolong Egg Storage Affects Broiler Breeder Embryonic Metabolism and Chick Quality.” Journal of Animal Advances 4 (7): 973–977. https://doi.org/10.5455/jasa.20140713053547.
   Google Scholar
• van der Pol, C. W., I. A. M. van Roovert-Reijrink, C. M. Maatjens, H. van den Brand, and R. Molenaar. 2013. “Effect of Relative Humidity During Incubation at a Set Eggshell Temperature and Brooding Temperature Posthatch on Embryonic Mortality and Chick Quality.” Poultry Science 92 (8): 2145–2155. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.2013-03006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Roovert-Reijrink, I. A. M., C. W. van der Pol, R. Molenaar, and H. van den Brand. 2018. “Effect of Warming Profile at the Onset of Incubation on Early Embryonic Mortality in Long Stored Broiler Eggs.” Poultry Science 97 (11): 4083–4092. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEY261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vick, S. V., J. Brake, and T. J. Walsh. 1993. “Relationship of Incubation Humidity and Flock Age to Hatchability of Broiler Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 72 (2): 251–258. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0720251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, T. J., R. E. Rizk, and J. Brake. 1995. “Effects of Temperature and Carbon Dioxide on Albumen Characteristics, Weight Loss, and Early Embryonic Mortality of Long Stored Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 74 (9): 1403–1410. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.0741403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wangensteen, D., and E. R. Weibel. 1982. “Morphometric evaluation of chrioallantoic oxygen transport in the chick embryo.” Respiration physiology 47 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(82)90089-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willems, E., E. Decuypere, J. Buyse, and N. Everaert. 2014. “Importance of Albumen During Embryonic Development in Avian Species, with Emphasis on Domestic Chicken.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 70 (3): 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933914000567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, H. R. 1991. Physiological Requirements of the Developing Embryo: Temperature and Turning. Pages 145–156 in Avian Incubation. Edited by S. G. Tullett. London: Butterworth Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Yalcin, S., I. Gursel, G. Bilgen, G. T. Izzetoglu, B. H. Horuluoglu, and G. Gucluer. 2016. “Egg Storage Duration and Hatch Window Affect Gene Expression of Nutrient Transporters and Intestine Morphological Parameters of Early Hatched Broiler Chicks.” Animal 10 (5): 805–811. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173111500261X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., X. Ding, S. Bai, J. Wang, Q. Zeng, H. Peng, Y. Xuan, Z. Su, and K. Zhang. 2020. “The Effects of Broiler Breeder Dietary Vitamin E and Egg Storage Time on the Quality of Eggs and Newly Hatched Chicks.” Animals 10 (8): 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10081409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousaf, A., A. Jabbar, and Y. A. Ditta. 2017. “Effect of Pre-Warming on Broiler Breeder Eggs Hatchability and Post-Hatch Performance.” Journal of Animal Health and Production 5 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.14737/JOURNAL.JAHP/2017/5.1.1.4.
   Google Scholar