References
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- If suffering is a necessary qualification of acquiring national rights then the sanctification of suffering is inescapable; if national rights could be supported on more general grounds then the reference to past sufferings might be avoided, and might be replaced with more forward looking, reconciliatory policies.
- Brilmayer , L. 1995 . ‘The Moral Significance of Nationalism,’ . Notre Dame Law Review , 71:1 : 7
- Brilmayer . ‘The Moral Significance of Nationalism,’ 12
- 1991 . Social Research , 58 : 565 – 90 . See the distinction I draw between the right to national self-determination and the right to self-rule in ‘The Right to National Self-Determination,’
- This process demands that the specific features of each case be closely examined: the nature of the groups involved, the history of the conflict, and the possible violation of rights that would follow from the proposed arrangements. Only then will it be possible to determine what kind of national rights are entailed in each specific case.
- Brilmayer . 30 – 31 . ‘The Moral Significance of Nationalism
- Note that some approaches will combine both kinds of justifications. Still it will be important to know which kind of justification is grounded in a theory of nationalism and which ones are grounded in other types of theory.
- Gerth , H. H. and Wright Milles , C. , eds. 1948 . From Max Weber London : Routledge, Kegan Paul . The distinction between principles and policies somewhat parallels Max Weber's distinction in ‘Politics as a Vocation’ between the ethics of conviction, which refers to absolute values and need not compromise with reality, and the ethics of responsibility, which judges particular situations in a pragmatic fashion, “not leaving absolute moral standards totally out of consideration but at the same time not letting them govern one's political actions.” In and trans.,.
- Kymlicka , W. 1996 . Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 25
- Kymlicka . Multicultural Citizenship 194
- Kymlicka . Multicultural Citizenship 17
- Kymlicka . Multicultural Citizenship 15
- 1990 . The Faces of Injustice Vol. some known legal or ethical rule. , New Haven : Yale University Press . In her intriguing discussion of the faces of injustice, Judith Shklar reminds us that the definition of injustice is social and political. What usually passes for an injustice “is an act that goes against Only a victim whose complaints match the rule-governed prohibitions has suffered an injustice. If there is no fit, it is only a matter of the victim's subjective reaction, a misfortune, not really unjust.” Injustice may sometimes be unavoidable, but we must not ignore it. Our normative rules ought to be structured so as to help us judge what is the best thing to do in each particular case, and to acknowledge injustice even when unable to alleviate it or forced to impose it.
- Kymlicka . Multicultural Citizenship 46
- 1986 . The Morality of Freedom 165 – 192 . Oxford : Oxford University Press . The structure of this claim follows J. Raz's definition of a right in
- Gutmann , A. , ed. 1985 . Human Agency and Language Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . See mainly the writings of Charles Taylor, on this matter especially and “The Politics of Recognition,’ in Multiculturalism: Examining The Politics of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1994).
- Mill , J. S. 1995 . Representative Government See (esp. chap. 16) and D. Miller, On Nationality (Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Defining the desire to preserve and enhance the national or cultural identity as the shared grounds of all theories of nationalism challenges the widely accepted interpretation of nationalism as necessarily prescribing the creation of a nationstate. The statist approach to nationalism is misleading in its endorsement of a specific political solution, which was popular in a particular historical setting as the sole end and the only true interpretation of nationalism.
- 1983 . Theories of Nationalism London : Duckworth . For a discussion of polycentric nationalism see A. Smith,; for the idea of reiterated nationalism see M. Walzer, ‘Two Kinds of Universalism,’ Tanner Lecture, Oxford, 1989.
- Judt , T. 1994 . “ The New Old Nationalism,’ ” . In New York Review of Books 49 – 50 . 26 May
- Walzer , M. 1983 . Spheres of Justice Oxford : Blackwell .
- Dworkin , R. 1983 . “ To Each His Own,’ ” . In New York Review of Books 14 April
- Plamenatz . Consent, Freedom and Political Obligation 29
- 1983 . New York Review of Books On the problem of abstraction in political theory, see M. Walzer and R. Dworkin, ‘”Spheres of Justice”: An Exchange,” 21 July
- Nozick , R. 1974 . Anarchy, State and Utopia 4 New York : Basic Books .
- Rawls , J. 1971 . A Theory of Justice Cambridge : Harvard University Press . 141 (my emphasis)
- Rawls . A Theory of Justice 139
- Judt's criticism, according to which a veil which allows members to acknowledge the general division of the world into nations and the fact that they themselves are members of such nations “isn't hiding anything significant,” is based on a misunderstanding of the role of the veil.
- Katznelson , I. 1996 . Liberalism's Crooked Circle: Letters to Adam Michnik 160 Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Dworkin , R. 1983 . “ ‘Reply,’ ” . In New York Review of Books 21 July
- Judt , T. 1994 . “ ‘Reply,’ ” . In New York Review of Books 23 June 64