Museums and Medical Schools in Classical Antiquity

References

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• Inscriptions de Délos 1525 and Fraser . Ptolemaic Alexandria Vol. ii , 192 for the date; Menecles, cited by Athenaeus, IV. 184B, and discussed by Pfeiffer, History, 252f. and Fraser, i, 319. The Greek word ‘technitai∗ includes anyone in possession of a ‘skill, art or craft’, theoretical or practical
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• Kudlien , Fridolf . 1969 . ‘Antike Anatomie und menschlicher Leichnam’ . Hermes , XCVH : 78 – 93 . Galen, II. 220. On the reasons for the growth and decline of anatomy, see Ludwig Edelstein, ‘The history of anatomy in antiquity’, Ancient Medicine (Baltimore, 1967), 247–302; and
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• Galen, II. 690, 786; XVII. B 245, with the secondary works cited in note 17 above
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• Fraser . Ptolemaic Alexandria Vol. i , 364 – 369 . It is only fair to point out that Alexandria was not the only place where such works were produced, and that in Galen's day there was a flourishing market in such writings
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• Galen, XVII. A 806, Corpus medicorum graecorum, V, Vol. 10, Bk. 1, p. 403
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• Anthologia Palatina Vol. XI , 281 Eunapius, Vitae philosophorum, p. 530 (ed. Wright); but contrast the account of Libanius, Ep. 1208, 1358
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• Knibbe . ibid. 263 The old view of Mommsen, Römische Geschichte, v (5th edn), 590, n. 1, that the doctors of Ephesus were ‘old boys’ of the Museum of Alexandria has been disproved by later discoveries
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• If the pseudo‐Galenic tract ‘Is the foetus alive?’ (XIX. 158–181) is a typical discourse on such an occasion, the answer would be ‘very little’
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• Ramsay , William M. 1907 . The cities of St. Paul 228 – 235 . London cf. Fraser, Ptolemaic Alexandria, i, 319
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• Rufus, 397, 446 (ed. Daremberg); Galen, XI. 114; XIII. 267; Aristeides, Or., 49, 29f
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• Galen, XII. 776; XIII. 347, 636, 829, 840; [Soranus], Vita Hippocratis, 1 (ed. Ilberg)
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• Dioscorides, Materia medica, I. 2; Galen, XII. 630; XIII. 857
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• References to him are given by Max Wellmann, ‘Zur Geschichte der Medizin im Alterthum’, Hermes, XXXV (1900), 389; and by Friedrich Kind, in RE, vol. 13 (1927), 1652f
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• Galen, Xm. 313; 843; 824
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• See Karl Deichgräber, Die griechische Empirikerschule (Berlin & Zurich, 1965); Edelstein, Ancient Medicine, 173–203; Owsei Temkin, ‘Celsus “On medicine” and the ancient medical sects’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, III (1935), 249–264
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• Inscriptiones graecae ad res romanas pertinentes (IGRR), IV. 1278 with Reinhold Merkel‐bach, ‘Epigramme aus Thyateira’, Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik, IX (1972), 133
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• 1957 . Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG) , 17 : 527
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• Edelstein . 1973 . Ancient Medicine 40 – 48 . 262 – 266 . Berlin cf. Hans Diller, Kleine Schriften zur antiken Medizin
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• Franz , Rosenthal . 1956 . ‘An ancient commentary on the Hippocratic Oath’ . Bulletin of the History of Medicine , XXX : 52 – 87 . Galen, X. 5f. with
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• 1914 . Monumenti mtichi , 23 ( no. 48 ) : 60 SEG, voL 19 (1959), 467 (Istros)
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• Cicero , De oratore, I. 1921 . “ 62, hints at the Roman friends of Asclepiades of Prusa ” . In Greek medicine in Rome Edited by: Clifford , Allbutt T. 176 – 191 . London on Cornelius Celsus, the most useful orientation still remains that of Johannes Ilberg, ‘A. Cornelius Celsus und die Medizin in Rom’, repr. in Helmut Flashar (ed.), Antike Medizin (Darmstadt, 1971), 308–362
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• [Galen], XIV. 299 (Maedus Aelianus) and 304 (his other teachers in Rome). Cf. Inscriptiones Graecae (IG), XIV. 1741, an imperial freedman, probably of Claudius, is commemorated by his freedwoman as her ‘ patron and teacher'—did he teach her medicine?
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• Temple of Peace, see Galen, II. 216; XIII. 362; XIV. 66; Esquiline, Inscriptiones Latinae selectae (ILS), 5481; IG. XIV. 967; Galen, X. 909f.; Amedeo Maiuri, ‘Il donario del medico Nicomede’, Rendiconti dell'Accademia dei Lincei, XXI (1912), 236–250; Arturo Pazzini, ‘La “schola medicorum ad Aesquilinas”’, Atti del terzo congresso di studi romani (Rome, 1935), 467–472
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• Pliny . Nat. Hist. , XXVI 10
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• ILS, 7817
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• Codex Theodosianus , 13 3 8 cf. ibid., 9, restricting tax‐immunity to the seven senior members, who gain their rights gradually; ibid., 13 with Symmachus, Rel., 27, restating the importance of ability and seniority
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• ILS, 6509; Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, V. 6970; ILS, 7768
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• 1971 . A useful summary is given by Jost Benedum and Markwart Michler, ‘Parmenides Uliades und die Medizinschule von Elea’ . Clio Medica , VI : 295 – 306 .
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• 1971 . Relevant texts are assembled by me in Journal of Roman Studies , LXI : 54f 62f
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• Galen, VIII. 726f., cf. XII. 843; XIII. 855, with Revue de Philologie, II (1847), 7–29
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• Pliny . Nat Hist. , XXIX 22 Galen, XIV. 80; Pliny, XXIX. 9; XXJX 8 and Revue des Etudes Anciennes, XVI (1914), 407
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• ILS, 2438
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• CIL, XIIL 7945, but the reading is uncertain; Digest, 50, 6, 7
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• Roy , Davies W. 1969 . ‘The media of the Roman armed forces’ . Epigraphische Studien , VIII : 83 – 98 . cf. IX (1972), 1–12
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• Codex Justinianus, 10, 53, 1, cf. ILS, 2542; Digest, 4, 6, 33. little can be made of Galen's accusations of ignorance on the part of army surgeons at Aquileia in 168–9: Galen, II. 385; XIII. 604
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• Ibid., p. 15, no. 20. This text and its continuation by Bergsträsser in Neue Materialien zu Hunain ibn Ishaq's Galen‐Bibliographie (Leipzig, 1932), are important documents for the history of scholarship in late antiquity and in Islam. See also Paul Lemerle, Le premier humanisme Byzantin (Paris, 1971), 25
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