Contentious Repertoires: Examining Lennon Walls in Hong Kong’s Social Unrest of 2019

References

• Almeida, P. 2019. Social Movements: The Structure of Collective Mobilization. Oakland: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aslanidis, P. 2018. “Measuring Populist Discourse with Semantic Text Analysis: An Application on Grassroots Populist Mobilization.” Quality & Quantity 52 (3): 1241–1263.
   Google Scholar
• Barthes, R. 1977. “Rhetoric of Image.” In Image, Music, Text, edited by S. Heath, 32–51. New York: Hill and Wang.
   Google Scholar
• Benford, R., and D. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26 (1): 611–639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W., and A. Segerberg. 2012. “The Logic of Connective Action.” Information, Communication & Society 15 (5): 739–768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas, A., and N. Williams. 2019. “Images That Matter: Online Protests and the Mobilizing Role of Pictures.” Political Research Quarterly 72 (2): 360–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castells, M. 2009. Communication Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Castells, M. 2012. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, E. 2016. “Street Politics in a Hybrid Regime: The Diffusion of Political Activism in Post-Colonial Hong Kong.” The China Quarterly 226: 383–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, E., and W. Chan. 2017. “Explaining Spontaneous Occupation: Antecedents, Contingencies and Spaces in the Umbrella Movement.” Social Movement Studies 16 (2): 222–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, H. 2020. “Changing Repertoires of Contention in Hong Kong: A Case Study on the anti-Extradition Bill Movement.” China Perspectives 2020 (3): 57–63.
   Google Scholar
• della Porta, D. 2008. “Eventful Protest, Global Conflicts.” Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory 9 (2): 27–56.
   Google Scholar
• della Porta, D. 2011. “Communications in Movements. Social Movements as Agents of Participatory Democracy.” Information, Communication & Society 14 (6): 800–819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• della Porta, D. 2013. “Protest Cycles and Waves.” In The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, edited by D. Snow, D. della Porta, B. Klandermans, and D. McAdam, 1–6. Hoboken: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• della Porta, D., and S. Tarrow, eds. 2005. Transnational Protest and Global Activism. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• della Porta, D., and E. Pavan. 2017. “Repertoires of Knowledge Practices: Social Movements in Times of Crisis.” Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management 12 (4): 297–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doerr, N., A. Mattoni, and S. Teune, eds. 2013. “Introduction.” In Advances in the Visual Analysis of Social Movements, edited by N. Doerr, A. Mattoni, and S. Teune, xi–xxvi. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Dynel, M., and F. Poppi. 2021. “Caveat Emptor: Boycott through Digital Humour on the Wave of the 2019 Hong Kong Protests.” Information, Communication & Society 24 (15): 2323–2341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton, K. 2007. “Backlash in Bolivia: Regional Autonomy as a Reaction against Indigenous Mobilization.” Politics & Society 35 (1): 71–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gahan, P., and A. Pekarek. 2013. “Social Movement Theory, Collective Action Frames and Union Theory: A Critique and Extension.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 51 (4): 754–776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamson, W., D. Croteau, W. Hoynes, and T. Sasson. 1992. “Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality.” Annual Review of Sociology 18 (1): 373–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillan, K. 2008. “Understanding Meaning in Movements: A Hermeneutic Approach to Frames and Ideologies.” Social Movement Studies 7 (3): 247–263.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, M., S. Lynn, K. Walsdorf, and B. Hardin. 2002. “The Framing of Sexual Difference in SI for Kids Editorial Photos.” Mass Communication and Society 5 (3): 341–359.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, S., R. Benford, and D. Snow. 1994. “Identity Fields: Framing Processes and the Social Construction of Movement Identities.” In New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity, edited by E. Larana, H. Johnston and J. Gusfield, 185–208. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jasper, J. 1997. The Art of Moral Protest Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jasper, J. 1998. “The Emotions of Protest: Affective and Reactive Emotions in and around Social Movements.” Sociological Forum 13 (3): 397–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ku, A. 2019. “In Search of a New Political Subjectivity in Hong Kong: The Umbrella Movement as a Street Theater of Generational Change.” The China Journal 82: 111–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurzman, C. 2008. “Meaning-Making in Social Movements.” Anthropological Quarterly 81 (1): 5–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, J., L.-K. Sum, and K.-C. Ng. 2019. “Hong Kong Elections: Pro-democracy Camp Wins 17 out of 18 Districts while City Leader Says She Will Reflect on the Result.” South China Morning Post. Accessed January 29 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3039151/hong-kong-elections-tsunami-disaffection-washes-over-city.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, F. 2020. “Solidarity in the anti-Extradition Bill Movement in Hong Kong.” Critical Asian Studies 52 (1): 18–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, H. 1991. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, H. 1996. Writings on Cities. London: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Lennon, J. 2014. “Assembling a Revolution: Graffiti, Cairo and the Arab Spring.” Cultural Studies Review 20 (1): 237–275.
   Google Scholar
• Lieblich, A., R. Tuval-Mashiach, and T. Zilber. 1998. Narrative Research: Reading, Analysis, and Interpretation. Newbury Park: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, Z. 2016. “Traditional Media, Social Media, and Alternative Media in Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement: Media Reviews.” Asian Politics & Policy 8 (2): 365–372.
   Google Scholar
• Lobinger, K., B. KräMer, R. Venema, and, and E. Benecchi. 2020. “Pepe – Just a Funny Frog? A Visual Meme Caught between Innocent Humor, Far-Right Ideology, and Fandom.” In Perspectives on Populism and the Media, edited by B. Krämer and C. Holtz-Bacha, 333–352. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
   Google Scholar
• Lui, T. 2010. “Hong Kong’s Changing Opportunity Structures: Political Concerns and Sociological Observations.” Social Transformations in Chinese Societies 5: 141–163.
   Google Scholar
• Marcus, G., W. Neuman, and M. MacKuen. 2017. “Measuring Emotional Response: Comparing Alternative Approaches to Measurement.” Political Science Research and Methods 5 (4): 733–754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer, M. 2007. “Contesting the Neoliberalization of Urban Governance.” In Contesting Neoliberalism: Urban Frontiers, edited by H. Leitner, J. Peck, and E. Sheppard, 90–115. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• McAdam, D., S. Tarrow, and C. Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moragues-Faus, A. 2017. “Emancipatory or Neoliberal Food Politics? Exploring the ‘Politics of Collectivity’ of Buying Groups in the Search for Egalitarian Food Democracies.” Antipode 49 (2): 455–476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, D., and L. Isaac. 2012. “Insurgent Images: Genre Selection and Visual Frame Amplification in IWW Cartoon Art.” Social Movement Studies 11 (1): 61–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen, T. 2013. “We Are All Khaled Said’: Visual Injustice Symbols in the Egyptian Revolution, 2010–2011.” Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 35: 3–25.
   Google Scholar
• Pain, P. 2018. “Educate. Empower. Revolt: Framing Citizen Journalism as a Creator of Social Movements.” Journalism Practice 12 (7): 799–816.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patsiaouras, G., A. Veneti, and W. Green. 2018. “Marketing, Art and Voices of Dissent: Promotional Methods of Protest Art by the 2014 Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement.” Marketing Theory 18 (1): 75–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philipps, A. 2012. “Visual Protest Material as Empirical Data.” Visual Communication 11 (1): 3–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, E. 2016. “Occupy Wall Street, Racial Neoliberalism, and New York’s Hip-Hop Moguls.” American Quarterly 68 (1): 75–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, A. 2022. “The Rise and Fall of the Tahrir Repertoire: Theorizing Temporality, Trajectory, and Failure.” Social Problems 69 (1): 222–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serafis, D., E. Kitis, and A. Archakis. 2018. “Graffiti Slogans and the Construction of Collective Identity: Evidence from the anti-Austerity Protests in Greece.” Text & Talk 38 (6): 775–797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewell, W. 1996. “Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille.” Theory and Society 25 (6): 841–881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewell, W. 2005. Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Silver, I. 1997. “Constructing ‘Social Change’ through Philanthropy: Boundary Framing and the Articulation of Vocabularies of Motives for Social Movement Participation.” Sociological Inquiry 67 (4): 488–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, D., R. Benford, H. McCammon, L. Hewitt, and S. Fitzgerald. 2014. “The Emergence, Development, and Future of the Framing Perspective: 25+ Years since ‘Frame Alignment.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 19 (1): 23–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soja, E. 1996. Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places. Cambridge: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, C., C. Smith, and R. Denton. 2007. Persuasion and Social Movements. Long Grove: Waveland Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, C., and C. Davenport. 2017. “The Rebel Alliance Strikes Back: Understanding the Politics of Backlash Mobilization.” Mobilization 22 (1): 39–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, G. 2015. “Mobilization by Images: TV Screen and Mediated Instant Grievances in the Umbrella Movement.” Chinese Journal of Communication 8 (4): 338–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarrow, S. 2008. “Charles Tilly and the Practice of Contentious Politics.” Social Movement Studies 7 (3): 225–246.
   Google Scholar
• Tarrow, S. 2011. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. 1977. “Getting It Together in Burgundy, 1675–1975.” Theory and Society 4 (4): 479–504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. 1979. “Repertoires of Contention in America and Britain, 1750–1830.” In The Dynamics of Social Movements: Resource Mobilization, Social Control and Tactics, edited by M. Zald and J. MacCarthy, 126–155. Cambridge: Winthrop.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. 1995. Popular Contention in Britain: 1758-1834. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. 2006. Regimes and Repertoires. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. 2008. Contentious Performances. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Valjakka, M. 2020. “Co-Authoring the Space: The Initial Lennon Wall Hong Kong in 2014 as Socially Engaged Creativity.” Cultural Studies 34 (6): 979–1006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk, T. 2006. “Discourse and Manipulation.” Discourse & Society 17 (3): 359–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veg, S. 2016. “Creating a Textual Public Space: Slogans and Texts from Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement.” The Journal of Asian Studies 75 (3): 673–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Y. Yu, and C. Chan. 2019. “Space in a Social Movement: A Case Study of Occupy Central in Hong Kong in 2014.” Space and Culture 22 (4): 434–448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen, S., and E. Cheng. 2018. “Rethinking Contentious Politics in Hong Kong: Change and Continuity.” Hong Kong Studies 1 (1): 7–25.
   Google Scholar
• Zelinska, O. 2020. “How Protestors and the State Learn from One Another: Spiraling Repertoires of Contention and Repression in Ukraine.” American Behavioral Scientist 64 (9): 1271–1298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar