FOOTNOTES
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976, (in Thai)
- See Ingram J.C. Economic Change in Thailand 1850–1970 Stanford 1971 and David P. Elliott. Thailand: the Origins of Military Rule, Zed Press 1978.
- See Resnick Stephen A. The Decline of Rural Industry under Export Expansion: a Comparison amongBurma, Philippines and Thailand 1870–1938 Journal of Economic History March 1970
- Wilson , D.A. 1960 . “ Thailand and Marxism ” . In Marxism in Southeast Asia , Edited by: Trager , F.N. 63 – 63 . Stanford . in
- Slifel , L.D. 1976 . Patterns of Land Ownership in Central Thailand during the 20th century . Journal of the Siam Society , 64 Pt. 1
- April 1975 . The Investor April , Bangkok
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976
- April 1975 . The Investor April , Bangkok
- Fuhs , F.W. and Vingerhoets , J. 1972 . Rural Manpower, Rural Institutions and Rural Employment in Thailand Bangkok
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976
- Sriplang , Somnoek . 1976 . Poverty of Agricultural Workers and Solutions Bangkok (in Thai)
- Siamwalla Ammar A History of Rice Price Policies in Thailand Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- Ingram , J.C. 1971 . Economic Change in Thailand 1850–1970 , Stanford .
- 1977 . Far Eastern Economic Review Asia Yearbook
- 1977 . Far Eastern Economic Review Asia Yearbook and The Investor, February 1976.
- Siamwalla Ammar Stability, Growth and Distribution in the Thai Economy Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- Barang , M. 1977 . La Thailande: ou la fragilité de la manière forte . Le Monde Diplomatique , August
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- Anon Farm Credit — an incomplete answer Bangkok Bank Monthly Review July 1976
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976
- Anon Farm Credit — an incomplete answer Bangkok Bank Monthly Review July 1976
- April 1975 . The Investor April ,
- 1977 . Far Eastern Economic Review , September 9
- Caldwell , Malcolm . 1976 . Thailand: Towards the Revolution . Race and Class , 18 ( 2 ) also published as Race and Class Pamphlet No.3, 1976.
- Barang , M. August 1977 . “ La Thailande: ou la fragilite de maniere forte ” . In Le Monde Diplomatique August , 16
- Barang , M. August 1977 . “ La Thailande: ou la fragilite de maniere forte ” . In Le Monde Diplomatique August , 16
- Barang , M. August 1977 . “ La Thailande: ou la fragilite de maniere forte ” . In Le Monde Diplomatique August , 16
- Chooprachar , Saifon . May 1977 . The Peasant Movement in Thailand Today May , mimeo
- May 1977 . New Asia News May , Tokyo 13
- Funs , F.W. and Vingerhoets , J. 1972 . Rural Manpower, Rural Institutions and Rural Employment in Thailand Bangkok
- One estimate is 300,000 in the capital city alone: Steiner Jerome P. Thai Information Bulletin Paris 1977 No. 9
- September 1976 . Radio Thailand broadcast September , 9
- National Economic and Social Development Board cited in Bangkok Post 1974 December 17
- September 1976 . Prachachat September , daily newspaper 20 (in Thai)
- August 1975 . “ The Investor ” . In The Grave Implications of Rural Unrest August , 21 – 21 .
- Kerdpibule Udom Distribution of Income and Wealth in Thailand Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- Mecsook , Oey . 1976 . Income Distribution in Thailand , Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University Discussion Paper Series No.50 Bangkok
- September 1976 . Prachachat September , 9
- Anon Farm Credit — an incomplete answer Bangkok Bank Monthly Review July 1976
- Kerdpibule Udom Distribution of Income and Wealth in Thailand Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- August 1975 . The Investor August , Thailand, National Statistical Office Yearbook, 1974/75; A.N. Seth “Report on Land Reform in Thailand” in National Seminar on Land Problems and Policies in Thailand FAO, Bangkok 1970.
- February 1976 . The Investor February , (emphasis added)
- Theppachonshcwin , Peerathep . 1974 . “ Irrigated Agriculture in the Third Development Plan and in the Northern Region ” . In Irrigated Agriculture in Northern Thailand , National Seminar Report No.5 Faculty of Economics, Chiengmai University . in
- Muscat , R.J. 1966 . Development Strategy in Thailand: A Study of Economic Growth New York
- Land Development Department . 1970 . Rice Production and Tenancy in Central Plain, Thailand 1965 , Bangkok : FAO . in
- Turton , A. 1976 . Northern Thai Peasant Society: Twentieth-Century Transformations in Political and Jural Structures . Journal of Peasant Studies , 3 ( 3 )
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- Theppachonshcwin , Peerathep . 1974 . “ Irrigated Agriculture in the Third Development Plan and in the Northern Region ” . In Irrigated Agriculture in Northern Thailand , National Seminar Report No.5 Faculty of Economics, Chiengmai University . in
- et al. Agro-Economic Characteristics of the Chiengmai Valley 1972–73 Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Economics Report No.5 Chiengmai University 1975
- Turton , A. 1976 . unpublished field notes
- August 1975 . The Investor August , quoting Land Development Department sources.
- Kerdpibule Udom Distribution of Income and Wealth in Thailand Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- Muscat , R.J. 1966 . Development Strategy in Thailand: A Study of Economic Growth New York
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- Kaufman , H. 1976 . Bangkhuad — a Community Study in Thailand Rutland and Tokyo, Vermont
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- Chaloemtiarana , Thak . 1974 . The Sarit Regime 1957–63: the formative years of modern Thai politics unpublished PhD dissertation Cornell
- Muscat , R.J. 1966 . Development Strategy in Thailand: A Study of Economic Growth New York
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- National Statistical Office Survey cited in Phuaphongsakorn Niphon Land Tenure in Thailand Thai Agricultural Economy Thanaphornphan Rangsan Bangkok 1975 2 in (in Thai)
- Survey of Agricultural Land Ownership 1973/4 Agricultural Economics Section, Ministry of Agriculture cited in Chiengkul Withayakorn Land Reform the Case of Thailand Economic Journal of the Bangkok Bank 1976(b) 8 2 (in Thai)
- Motooka , Takeshi . 1971 . Agricultural Development in Thailand Kyoto
- Motooka , Takeshi . 1971 . Agricultural Development in Thailand Kyoto
- This point is also made by Stifel Patterns of Land Ownership in Central Thailand During the Twentieth Century Journal of Siam Society 1976 who challenges what he calls the ‘conventional wisdom’ that there has been a marked increase in land accumulation.
- Kerdpibule Udom Distribution of Income and Wealth in Thailand Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976
- Kerdpibule Udom Distribution of Income and Wealth in Thailand Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June 1976, and The Investor, February 1976.
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June
- Turton , A. 1976 . unpublished field notes
- Usher , U. Wages, Land Rents. Land Prices and Interest Rates mimeo, n.d. (?1965), (Chiengmai Faculty of Social Sciences).
- Turton , A. Northern Thai Peasant Society: a case study of Political and Jural Structures at the village level and their twentieth century transformations unpublished PhD dissertation University of London 1976 (part of which is presented in summary form in Turton 1976 op.cit., /Journal of Peasant Studies/.).
- Chooprachar , Saifon . May 1977 . The Peasant Movement in Thailand Today May , mimeo
- de Beer , Patrice . July 1977 . Le Monde July , 30–August 2
- Cunningham , C. 1965 . Anthropological Research on Health Problems in Wat Bot District, Phitsanuloke Province mimeo (Chiengmai Faculty of Social Sciences)
- Kerdpibule Udom Distribution of Income and Wealth in Thailand Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand et al. Bangkok 1975 in
- Far Eastern Economic Review Asia Yearbook 1977
- 1976 . Statistical Yearbook op. cit.
- For further references to minority peoples see: Turton A. National Minority Peoples in Indochina Journal of Contemporary Asia 1974 4 3 Bo Gua “Opium, Bombs and Trees: the Future of the H'mong tribesmen in Northern Thailand” Journal of Contemporary Asia Vol.5 No.l 1975; E. Van Roy Economic Systems of Northern Thailand Ithaca NY 1971.
- On the rice premium see Silcock T.H. The Economic Development of Thai Agriculture Ithaca, NY 1970 and especially Ammar Siamwalla 1975, op.cit. (A history of rice price policies …) which reviews the economic debate on this subject, only briefly considered here.
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June
- Siamwalla , Ammar . 1975 . “ Stability, Growth and Distribution in the Thai Economy” . In Finance, Trade and Economic Development in Thailand: Essays in Honour of Khunying Suparb Yossundard , Edited by: Sondysuvan , Prateep . 157 – 157 . Sompong Press .
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June
- Chooprachar , Saifon . May 1977 . The Peasant Movement in Thailand Today May , mimeo
- May 1977 . New Asia News May , Tokyo 13 gives prices of 1,500–1,700 per ton for 1977 as against 2,300–2,400 in 1976.
- September 1977 . Far Eastern Economic Review September , 9
- Thailand, National Statistical Office . 1976 . Statistical Yearbook
- Anon Bangkok Bank Monthly Review July 1976 op.cit.
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(a) . Economic Problems of the Thai Farmer . Bangkok Bank Review , April–June
- Chooprachar , Saifon . May 1977 . The Peasant Movement in Thailand Today May , mimeo
- Demaine , Harvey . The Role of Farmers' Associations in Agricultural Development a Case Studyfrom North East Thailand , Department of Geography Occasional Paper 1976 University of London, School of Oriental und African Studies .
- Caldwell , J.A. 1974 . American Aid to Thailand Lexington
- Thaxton , R. 1974 . “ Modernization and Peasant Resistance in Thailand ” . In Remaking Asia: Essays on the American Uses of Power Edited by: Selden , M. New York in
- Phiphatseritham , Kroekkiert . 1975 . Analysis of the Tambon Development Scheme an approach from political economy Bangkok 1975 (in Thai).
- See interview with Intha Sribunruang in Ampo 1975 7 4 in which he refers to a peasants' leader being assassinated after protesting the corrupt management of a tambon development project.
- May 1977 . New Asia News May , 13
- See Chiengkul Withayakorn Land Reform the Case of Thailand Economic Journal of the Bangkok Bank 1976 8 2 (b) (“Land Reform the Case of Thailand”).
- Seth , A.N. 1970 . “ Report on Land Reform in Thailand ” . In National Seminar on Land Problems and Policies in Thailand , Bangkok : FAO . in
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976(b) . Land Reform the Case of Thailand . Economic Journal of the Bangkok Bank , 8 ( 2 )
- Chiengkul , Withayakorn . 1976 . Land Reform the Case of Thailand . Economic Journal of the Bangkok Bank , 8 ( 2 ) (b) see also The Investor.
- See Mokarapong Thawatt History of the Thai Revolution [1932 coup] Bangkok 1972; for the text of Pridi's plan see K.P. Landon Siam in Transition Chicago 1939.
- 1975 . Ampo , 7 ( 4 ) “Last Interview with Intha Sribunruang”.
- Quoted in The Investor 1975 August
- Wilson , D.A. 1959 . “ Thailand ” . In Marxism in Southeast Asia , Edited by: Trager , Frank . 73 – 73 . Stanford . in
- et al. Thailand New Haven 1957
- See Phumisak Chit The True Face of Thai Feudalism Bangkok 1974 (in Thai); Akin Rabibhadana The Organization of Thai Society in the Early Bangkok Period I872–1873 Cornell SE Asia Data Paper No.74 1969; Charnwit Kasetsiri The Rise of Ayudhaya Kuala Lumpur 1976; Thadeus Flood “The Thai Left Wing in Historical Context” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars Summer 1975 — and the bibliographies in the latter three sources.
- See Bunnag Tej Peasant Rebellion in the North East Sangkhomsat Parithat Bangkok 1967 5 No.1 (in Thai), J.B. Murdoch “The 1901–1902 Holy Man's Rebellion” Journal of the Siam Society Bangkok Vol.62 No.1 1974.
- For further discussion of such ‘sub-political’ action see Turton A. Northern Thai Peasant Society: Twentieth-Century Transformations in Political and Jural Structures Journal of Peasant Studies 1976 3 3
- The documentation of the peasants movement 1974–1976 is still far from complete. Much information is contained in ephemeral pamphlets of the time;in newspapers: including Chao Na Thai, Prachachat, Prachatipatai, Athipat, The Nation, Bangkok Post and periodicals Caturat, Prachachat weekly, The Investor (Bangkok).
- November 1974 . Peasants Federation leaflet mimeo November , 27
- July 1975 . Chao Na Thai July , 20
- On Village Scouts The Investor 1976 November see Viai Information Bulletin Paris No.6 1977.
- These 18 are among a longer list in Socialist Party of Thailand publication Are Thai Peasants Compelled to Take Up Arms? Bangkok 1975 (in Thai) see also Ampo Vol.7 No.4 1975 “Thai Peasants' Leaders Murdered” and Caturat weekly Vol.1 No.6 1975. Prachachat English weekly digest listed (16 & 23 March 1976) approximately 50 left-wing leaders killed 1974–76.
- The ‘counterinfrastructure’ Operation Phoenix was initiated by the CIA in South Vietnam in 1968; by 1971 over 20,000 people had been killed; see Klare Michael War Without End: American Planning for the Next Vietnams New York 1972
- Yotkantha , Srithorn . August 1977 . “ The Path of Salvation for Our Brother and Sister Peasants ” . In Blood Must be Washed With Blood August , broadcast published in (Declaration of the Communist Party of Thailand) (in Thai)
- November 1974 . Peasants Federation leaflet November , 27
- Interview with President of the Northern Region. Peasants Federation of Thailand Suptcmbei 1976 in Journal oj Contemporary Asia 8 1
- Students Association of Chiengmai University Statement to Fellow Students and Justice Loving People: Tlxe Case of the Meeting of Farmers at Mae Liang 1975 October mimeo leaflet (in Thai)
- Sribunruang , Intha . 1975 . “ If We Don't Fight We'll Die Anyway ” . In in Ampo Vol. 7 , in No.4 and Caturat Vol.1 No.6 Bangkok 1975 (in Thai).
- Quoted above, The Investor 1975 August
- Chiengmai, Chiengrai, Lamphun, Maehongsorn: Athiphat 1975 August 15–18
- See also a recent classification of the socio-economic status of peasant households in Saraphi district Chiengmai by Potter J. Thai Peasant Social Structure Chicago 1976 in which a category of ‘rich peasants’ starts at a questionably low figure of 10 rai.
- 1976 . Ampo , 8 ( 3 ) Oct–Dec : 18 – 25 .
- Alavi , Hamza . 1973 . “ Peasants and Revolution ” . In Imperialism and Revolution in South Asia Edited by: Gough , K. and Sharma , Hari . New York, London in see also Malcolm Caldwell “The Role of the Peasantry in the Revolution” Journal of Contemporary Asia Vol.1 No.1 1970.
- Turton , A. 1976 . Northern Thai Peasant Society: Twentieth-Century Transformations in Political and Jural Structures . Journal of Peasant Studies , 3 ( 3 ) 1976, (Journal of Peasant Studies)
- Skinner , G.W. 1957 . Chinese Society in Thailand: an analytical history Ithaca, NY
- Tambiah , S.J. 1973 . The Persistance and Transformation of Tradition in Southeast Asia, with special reference to Thailand . Daedalus , winter
- See for instance Woollacott Martin Thailand's Royal Revolution The Guardian London 1976 October 28 Kao Tom “Thailande: Le coup d'etat donne plus de consistance a l'opposition de gauche” Le Monde Diplomatique November 1976.
- Tambiah , S.J. 1976 . World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand against a Historical Background 482 – 482 . Cambridge
- A classic instance, among many, of the kind of support given to this tendency by some foreign advisers and academics is Phillips H.P. Wilson D.A. Certain Effects of Culture and Social Organisation on Internal Security in Thailand Memorandum RM3786 ARPA (abridged) June 1964 prepared for US Defence Department Advanced Research Projects Agency by the Rand Corporation Santa Monica California.
- Bell , Peter F. and Brem , Maxwell . 1976 . Imperialism, Class Formation and the Contradictions of Development in Thailand , New School for Social Research New York . mimco
- Evers , H-D. 1966 . The Formation of a Social Class Structure: Urbanization, Burcuucrutizution, and Social Mobility in Thailand . American Sociological Review , 31 ( 4 ) H-D. Evers “Group Conflict and Class Formation in South-East Asia” in H- D. Evers ed. Modernization in South hast Asia Singapore 1973.
- The backgrounds (by parental occupation) of students at Chiengmai University whichopened in 1964 with 291 students and by 1973 had 6,825 (and 896 staff) was as follows in 1973: Source: Chiengmai University Registrar's Office Some Statistical Data 1973
- The first four of these cases are taken from Socialist Party of Thailand Are Thai Peasants Compelled to Take Up Arms? Bangkok 1975 the fifth from a leaflet dated 13 February 1976 published by students of the Northern Technical College.
- See Flood Thadeus The United States and the Military Coup in Thailand Indochina Resource Centre Publication Washington DC 1976 on suppression of urban left-wing movements and outline history of left-wing political parties.
- See Nanthiyakul Pranot Political Events in Thailand 1932–1976 Bangkok 1976 (in Thai).
- August 1975 . The Investor August ,
- Batson , B.A. , ed. 1930 . “ Draft Statement Analysing the Government and Economy of Siam … ” . In Siam's Political Future — Documents from the End of the Absolute Monarchy , Cornell Southeast Asia Data Paper No.96 68 – 68 . 1974
- Batson , B.A. , ed. 1930 . “ Draft Statement Analysing the Government and Economy of Siam … ” . In Siam's Political Future — Documents from the End of the Absolute Monarchy , Cornell Southeast Asia Data Paper No.96 71 – 71 . 1974
- Batson , B.A. , ed. 1930 . “ Draft Statement Analysing the Government and Economy of Siam … ” . In Siam's Political Future — Documents from the End of the Absolute Monarchy , Cornell Southeast Asia Data Paper No.96 64 – 64 . 1974
- Woothiporn , Smarn . 1977 . “ The Communist Party and the People's War in Thailand ” . In Thai Information Bulletin Paris No.10
- Flood , Thadeus . 1976 . The United States and the Military Coup in Thailand , 63 – 63 . Washington DC : Indochina Resource Centre Publication .
- Woothiporn , Smarn . 1977 . “ The Communist Party and the People's War in Thailand ” . In Thai Information Bulletin 31 – 31 . Paris No.10
- September 1977 . Far Eastern Economic Review September , 16 (see map); see also The Investor October 1975.
- The full text of this statement is reprinted in Journal of Contemporary Asia 1977 7 3 and in Thai Information Bulletin, Paris No.5 1976.
- On economic changes since the 1976 coup see Barang Marcel La Thailande: ou la fragilite de maniere forte Le Monde Diplomatique 1977 August 16 Far Eastern Economic Review 9 September 1977; Jerome P. Steiner “Some Reflections on the Thai Economy since the K vents of October 6 1976“ Tliai Information Bulletin Paris No.9 1977.
- 1977 . Declaration of the running of the Committee for Co-ordinating Patriotic and Democratic Forces (CCPDF) . Journal of Contemporary Asia , 7 ( 4 ) October 1977
- See SI'T statement Thai Information Bulletin Paris 1977 No.11
- VOPT broadcasts five times each day on 31m and 49m bands Barang Marcel La Thailande: ou la fragilite de maniere forte Le Monde Diplomatique 1977 August 16
- Sources Thai Information Bulletin No.10 1977 (quoting Ban Miianx newspaper 24 March 1977); Thai Information Centre News Brief Vol.1 No.5 20 October 1977 (quotingSammakhi Suurop n.d.).
- Suwanpanit , Nopporn . May/June 1977 . “ The Revolutionary Situation and Prospects for the Future ” . In Vietnam South hast Asia International Vol. 11 , May/June , London Nos. 5 & 6
- See for example Ungphakorn Puey Violence and the coup d'état 6 October 1976 1976 October
- Suwanpanit , Nopporn . May/June 1977 . “ The Revolutionary Situation and Prospects for the Future ” . In Vietnam South hast Asia International Vol. 11 , May/June , 1 – 1 . London Nos. 5 & 6
- See Far Eastern Economic Review 1977 September 11 13 16 in which the writer, while sympathetic to the government's military dilemma, concludes that it is only just “holding out against the odds”.