Notes and References
- 1979 . Bank Negara Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur : Money and Banking . and Economic Report 1982/83 (1982), Kuala Lumpur.
- Over half of Malaysian households were living below the government designated poverty line and 86 per cent of all households in poverty were from ruralareas Third Malaysia Plan 1976–80 Kuala Lumpur
- See Star and New Straits Times NST 20.10.81 10 10 and p.6 respectively. Up to 1980, the state had invested in 686 companies (Business Times (BT) 4.12.81 p.20).
- As reported in the Fourth Malaysia Plan 1981–85 Kuala Lumpur 1981 104 104 36
- 21.10.81 . BT 20 – 20 .
- International Labour Office (ILO) , Geneva : Yearbook of Labour Statistics, various years .
- All data regarding labour force participation for 1979 are derived from Report of the Labour Force Survey 1979 Department of Statistics Kuala Lumpur 1981
- 1957 Population Census Report No. 14; Economic Report 1982/83 (1982) Kuala Lumpur; and Report of the Labour Force Survey 1979).
- An increasing number of works documenting this aspect of Malaysian history include Selveratnam V. Decolonisation, the Ruling Elite and Ethnic Relations in Peninsular Malaysia IDS Discussion Paper No.44 Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex 1974 Cham., B.N. Colonialism and Communalism in Malaysia, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol.7, No.2, 1977.
- Census of Agriculture 1974 Kuala Lumpur
- See papers presented at the Agricultural Institute of Malaysia on the State of the Malaysian Agriculture 1982 August 12–14 See also Malay Mail 3.7.82 p.7 for one example of how middle men ‘gobble up huge coconut profits’.
- Between 1970–75 the average yield per hectare of rubber rose by 42 per cent but the sector's poverty rate fell by only 6 per cent mainly because the price of rubber during the same period increased by only 2 per cent per annum Asian Business 1982 May 21 21
- Compiled from figures released by the Director General of Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority (FELCRA) and the Controller of the Malaysian Rubber Research and Development Boardin BT 14.8.82 and NST 16.8.82 p.3
- Based on an independent survey carried out by Utusan Malaysia 21.8.82 and NST5.8.62 p.9
- Reported in the Sunday Star 17.10.82 6 7
- According to one report, “even at a funeral, it is difficult to find young men to act as pall bearers” NST 5.8.82 9 9
- See papers presented at Consumer Association Penang Seminar on Law and Justice 1982 November Also refer to proposals of the Seminar as reported in NST 24.11.82 p.4
- See Fertiliser Fiddle: It points to an inside Job NST 27.9.82 Refer also to NST 9.9.82 p.7 and 1.9.82 p. 1 for details on how civilservants acquire land in state schemes by using names of relatives and poor farmers. Walan 3.9.82 p.2 gives details of state EXCO members repossessing land alienated to squatters (who had been on the land for between 19–59 years) for their own immediate relatives. Civil servants in collusion with contractors have long been abusing government development funds. See case described in Watan 11.10.82 where extensive losses ($32 million) faced by a state agricultural development board were linked with widespread corruption.
- 23.8.82 . BT 1 – 1 .
- Malaysia's investment incentives under the Investment Incentives Act 1968 are designed to provide total or partial relief from the payment of income tax (@ 40 per cent) and development tax (@ 5 per cent)to investors for a period of between 2 to 10 years depending on capital expenditure (Investment Tax Credit); number of full time paid employees (Labour Utilisation Relief of 2–8 years); proportion of product exported; location of enterprise (Locational Incentive providing tax relief of 5–10 years to encourage rural location of new industries); type of product … For details, refer to Investment in Malaysia Policies and Procedures , Fourth Ed. Malaysian Industrial Development Authority Kuala Lumpur 1981
- In fact, in 1981 the Malaysian Trade Union Congress had launched a protest with the ILO's Freedom of Association committee that the status of electronic workers had been in limbo for more than four years now as they were neither allowed to join the Electrical Industry Workers Union nor to form their own union Star 12.2.81
- Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Federation of Malaysia 18–20 November 1978 published in London in 1979 contains details on ‘Harassment of Dissent in Malaysia: The Political Parties and Trade Unions’ and is banned in Malaysia. See also Ekiran Pelajar (F1JAR) for more details. No.20/21 Summer 1982.
- Compiled from Quarterly Survey of Employment in Manufacturing Industries 1978 Department of Statistics Kuala Lumpur 1981 56 57
- 1981 . Labour and Manpower Report 1980 , 75 – 76 . Kuala Lumpur : Ministry of Labour and Manpower .
- 1982 . Economic Report 1982/83 Kuala Lumpur
- See NSTand BST 7.8.81 20 20 and p.3 respectively
- At the end of 1981 textile plants facing labour shortage were lobbying the state to allow them to use immigrant labour Star 5.12.81 9 9
- Compiled from Handbook of Rubber Statistics 1980 Department of Statistics Kuala Lumpur 1982
- Reported in BT 11.11.82 1 1
- In the southern state of Johore alone there are about 100,000 of them forming a twelfth of the 1.28 million population NST 28.12.80 10 10
- 1982 . Occupational Wage Surveys 1980 , Kuala Lumpur : Ministry of Labour and Manpower . and Labour and Manpower Report 1980 op. cit., p.74–75.
- 1982 . Economic Report 1982/83 Kuala Lumpur
- 1982 . Economic Report 1982/83 Kuala Lumpur
- 1981 . Labour and Manpower Report 1980 , 74 – 75 . Kuala Lumpur : Ministry of Labour and Manpower .
- See Handbook of Rubber Statistics 1980 Department of Statistics Kuala Lumpur 1982
- Labour Indicators 1980 Peninsular Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur : Ministry of Labour and Manpower . (undated)
- See Role of Rural Married Women in the Economic and Social Development of Malaysia op. cit.