Footnotes
- Gerschenkron , A. 1962 . “ Realism and Utopia in Russian Economic Thought ” . In Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective Cambridge, Mass. in his
- Cited in Smolinski L. Planning Without Theory, 1917–1967 Survey July 1967 64
- These claims are only a small part of a much wider study by this writer in my Studies in the Origins and Development of Growth Theory University of Sydney 1974 (Ph.D. thesis)
- Keynes , J.M. 1932 . Essays in Persuasion 300 – 300 . London
- Klein , L.R. 1947 . Theories of Effective Demand and Employment . Journal of Political Economy , 55 April : 118 – 118 .
- Domar , E. 1952 . Economic Growth — An Econometric Approach . American Economic Review, Supplement , 42 ( 2 )
- Kurihara , K.K. 1959 . The Keynesian Theory of Economic Development 17 – 18 . London
- Robinson , J. On Re-reading Marx 17 – 17 . London n.d.
- Evenitsky , A. Marx's Model of Expanded Reproduction . Science and Society , 27 ( 2 ) 160 – 160 .
- To give one example of the latter. As Adelman has pointed out Adelman L Theories of Economic Growth and Development Stanford 1967 93 93 Marx's emphasis on the relationships between equilibrium systems and stagnation has been reformulated and re-emphasised by H. Leibenstein (Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth, New York, 1950).
- Morishima , M. 1973 . Marx's Economics' Cambridge
- Ernest Mandel, the author of the latest work on Marxian economics to be written by a Marxist, devotes little attention to the possibilities of the models with the labour theory of value removed from them (see Mandel E. Marxist Economic Theory London 1969 1 The more original treatise by P.M. Sweezy, Theory of Capitalist Development (New York, 1942), shows the same limitation. These two writers, alongwith others such as Maurice Dobb (see for example his contributions to Soviet Studies (1955) and a legion of Soviet economists, either failed to take the hints provided by Lange (Lange, O., ‘Marxian Economics and Modern Economic Theory’, Review of Economic Studies, June 1935)and Leontief (Leontief, W., 'The Significance of Marxian Economies’, American Economic Review, Supplement, March 1938), or more likely because of doctrinal allegiances were unprepared to do so. Joan Robinson, who has provided a biting caricature of the dogmatic, unflinching, ideological Marxist in her On Re-Reading Marx (London, n.d.), is one of the few non-Marxist writers to comprehend the importance of the reproduction models.
- It has been claimed that Marx first set forth his approach to the problem of reproduction in a letter to Engels in 1863: both by Nemchinov V.S. Relationships of Expanded Reproduction Problems of Economics 1 10 11 11 and also by A. Zauberman (Aspects of Planometrics (London, 1967), p. 17).
- Engels , F. Preface to Vol.II of Capital , 1967 edn. 1 – 21 . Moscow
- Engels . 1936 . Selected Correspondence 5 – 5 . London
- Robinson , J. 1951 . “ Introduction to the English translation of Rosa Luxemburg's ” . In Accumulation of Capital 13 – 13 . London
- Evenitsky , A. Marx's Model of Expanded Reproduction . Science and Society , 27 ( 2 ) 160 – 160 .
- Marx , K. Capital , 1961 edn. Vol. I , 581 – 581 . Moscow
- Marx , K. Capital , 1967 edn. Vol. II , 504 – 504 . Moscow
- Marx , K. Capital , 1967 edn. Vol. II , 501 – 501 . Moscow
- Marx , K. Capital , 1967 edn. Vol. II , 505 – 505 . Moscow
- Marx , K. Capital , 1967 edn. Vol. II , 504 – 504 . Moscow
- See Marx K. Capital , 1967 edn. Moscow II 514 518 for these original examples. Morishima, M. op. cit., presents a more mathematical exposition than that presented here, the main value of which is to set the models in a format more familiar to the mathematical economist.
- This particular algebraic exposition has been used by a variety of commentators, but perhaps the clearest is that of Evenitsky Marx K. Capital , 1967 edn. Moscow II 514 518
- See Marx K. Capital II 493 527 op. cit. and Evenitsky, op. cit., pp. 162–63.
- The numerical examples he provided to aid the explanation of expanded reproduction have been rightly criticised by Rosa Luxemburg, and more recently Robinson Joan Luxemburg R. The Accumulation of Capital London 1951 Ch.6; Robinson, J., ‘The Model of an Expanding Economy’, Economic Journal, Vol.62 (March 1952), p.46).
- See Tsuru S. Marx's Tableau Economique and Under- Consumption Theory Indian Economic Review February 1953 I 3 1 13 Also Naqvi, K.A., ‘Schematic Presentation of Accumulation in Marx’, op. cit., Vol.5, No.1 (February 1960).
- This emphasis on Department I, formulated by Lenin Concerning the So-Called Market Question , 1954 edn. Moscow which he tries to Justify with a rather ambiguous quote from Marx, has led to misunderstanding and ignoring of the Tableau approach. As Evenitsky concludes (op. cit., p.175): ‘The “law of the priority of Department I” is not, properly speaking, a law. It is the expression of an historical tendency, whose manifestation requires a number of prior conditions for which there is no firm warrant’.
- Harrod , R.F. 1936 . The Trade Cycle Oxford
- Domar , E. 1946 . Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth and Employment . Econometrica , 14
- Feldman's model was first elaborated in two articles in the Soviet economics journal Planovoe Khoziaistvo 1927 7 and in Nos.11 and 12 (1928)
- Kalecki , M. 1935 . A Macrodynamic Theory of Business Cycles . Econometrica , 3 ( 1 ) See his Selected Essays on the Dynamics of the Capitalist Economy 1933–1970 (Cambridge, 1971) for his major contributions.
- Domar , E. 1957 . “ A Soviet Model of Growth ” . In Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth 223 – 226 . Oxford in his
- Dobb mentions Feldman in his Soviet Economic Development Since 1917 , 1966 edn. London and in ‘The Discussions of the Twenties on Planning and Economic Growth’, Soviet Studies. Vol.17 (1965), p.205.
- A good example of the current official attitude towards Feldman in the Soviet Union, can be foundin Belianova A.M. The Problem of the Rates of Economic Development in the USSR: As Treated in the Soviet Economic Literature Problems of Economics April 1969 11 12 reprinted in
- Jasny , M. 1972 . Soviet Economists of the Twenties: Names to beRemembered Cambridge
- Particularly valuable accounts of this crucial period jpclude: the various volumes in Carr's E.H. History of Soviet Russia especially The Interregnum 1923–4 and Foundations of a Planned Economy 1926–9 with R.W. Davies; Erlich, A., The Soviet Industrialisation Debate (Harvard, 1960); Zaleski, E., Planning for Economic Growth in the Soviet Union, 1918–1932 (Chapel Hill, 1972); and Lewin, M. Russian Peasants and Soviet Power (London, 1972).
- The best accounts of the political struggles of the period are still Deutscher's Isaac The Prophet Unarmed Oxford 1959 and his earlier biography of Stalin (Oxford, 1950)
- Of these see Jasny Soviet Economists of the Twenties: Names to beRemembered Cambridge 1972 60 83
- Deutscher , I. 1955 . Heretics and Renegades 117 – 117 . London
- The more important references on the theoretical issues raised include Erlich A. The Soviet Industrialisation Debate Harvard 1960 Kaser, M., ‘The Soviet Ideology of Industrialisation’, Journal of Development Studies (October 1967); Kaufman, M., ‘The Origin of the Political Economy of Socialism’, Soviet Studies (1953); and Moravcik, I., ‘The Marxian Model of Growth and the General Plan of Soviet Economic Development’, Kyklos, Vol.14 (1961). The articles by A. Zauberman and L. Smolinski in the journal Survey (London), No.64 (July1967) also contain useful material.
- Preobrazhensky , E.A. 1965 . The New Economics Oxford
- See for example Dallemagne J.L. Justice for Bukharin Critique 4 43 60
- See Luxemburg R. The Accumulation of Capital , 1951 edn. London
- For more personal details on Preobrazhensky see Bukharin N.I. Preobrazhensky E.A. The ABC of Communism , 1969 edn. Harmondsworth Introduction by E.H. Carr, pp.27–28. For fascinating details of the late 1920s policies and events, E.H. Carr and R.W. Davies' Foundations of a Planned Economy 1926– 1929,op. cit., Vol.I, are invaluable.
- Domar , E. 1957 . “ A Soviet Model of Growth ” . In Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth Oxford
- As used by Feldman in his 1929 Planovoe Khoziaistvo 12 116 116 article. M.H. Dobb uses this notation in his ‘The Discussions of the Twenties on Planning and Economic Growth’, op. cit., p.205.
- Burchardt , F.A. 1958 . Capital Formation and Economic Growth Princeton adopted a similar re-classification in his 1931–1932 articles while Simon Kuznets and Adolph Lowe utilised such a distinction in their contributions to published for the Universities National Bureau Committee for Economic Research
- Feldman in a discussion on the General Plan published in Planovoe Khoziaistvo 1930 3 177 177
- This is undoubtedly the same as H. Leibenstein's model in his Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth New York 1957
- More detail on these matters is provided by Chossudowsky E.M. The Soviet Conception of Economic Equilibrium Review of Economic Studies 1938–39 6 127 146
- See Moravcik I. The Marxian Model of Growth and the General Plan of Soviet Economic Development Kyklos 1961 14 552 559 for a formal, mathematical statement of Feldman's dynamic equilibrium model
- Moravcik , I. 1961 . “ The Marxian Model of Growth and the General Plan of Soviet Economic Development ” . In Kyklos Vol. 14 , 562 – 562 .
- Quoted in Moravcik I. The Marxian Model of Growth and the General Plan of Soviet Economic Development Kyklos 1961 14 566 566
- Mahalanobis , P.C. 1953 . Some Observations on the Process of Growth of National Income . Sankhaya, The Indian Journal of Statistics , 12 ( 4 ) : 307 – 312 .
- A good critique of the Mahalanobis model can be found in Paul Streeten's appendix to Myrdal G. Asian Drama III 1978ff 1978ff op. cit.
- It is hard to accept A. Zauberman's claimthat ‘the model was out of tune with its epoch’ Zauberman A. Changes in Economic Thought Survey London 1967 July 161 161 No.64
- One exception to this statement is Chambre H. Le Modèle de Feldman Economie Appliquée 1970 2–3
- An especially interesting further example of the impact of the reproduction models on Soviet planning is contained in Ballod's Karl The State of the Future first published in 1898
- Cited in Smolinski L. Planning Without Theory, 1917–1967 Survey July 1967 64 123 123
- Robinson , J. On Re-Reading Marx 17 – 17 . London n.d.