Salmonella infection: Diagnosis and control

References

• Alexander , D. C. , Carrière , J. A. J. and McKay , K. A. 1968 . Bacteriological studies of poultry litter fed to livestock . Can. vet. J. , 9 : 127 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , E. S. 1964 . “ The phage typing of salmonellae other than S, typhi ” . In The World Problem of Salmonellosis , Edited by: van Oye , E. 89 – 110 . The Hague : Dr W. Junk . In
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , E. S. 1968 . Drug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium and its implications . Br. med. J. , 3 : 333 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews , J. M. and Langmuir , A. D. 1963 . The philosophy of disease eradication . Am. J. publ. Hlth , 53 : 1 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anon. Radiation control of salmonellae in food and feed products Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 22 International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna 1963
   Google Scholar
• Anon. Recommended sanitation guidelines for processors of poultry and animal by-products U.S. Dep. Agr. ARS (Ser.): 1964 91 147
   Google Scholar
• Anon. The Destruction of Salmonellae Agricultural Research Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Albany, California 1966
   Google Scholar
• Anon. Joint WHO/FAO Expert Committee on Zoonoses. Third Report Tech. Rep. Ser. Wld Hlth Org. No. 1967a 378 33 33
   Google Scholar
• Anon. Code of practice for the control of salmonellosis Vet. Rec. 1967b 80 357 357
   Google Scholar
• Anon. Research in the New Zealand Department of Agriculture Annual Report of the Research Division, 1967–8 1968 93 93
   Google Scholar
• Anon. An Evaluation of the Salmonella Problem National Academy of Sciences Washington 1969
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. R. 1969 . An outbreak of salmonellosis involving veterinary hospital patients . Vet. Rec. , 85 : 8 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Banwart , G. J. and Ayres , J. C. 1957 . The effect of pH on the growth of salmonella and functional properties of liquid egg white . Fd Technol., Champaign , 11 : 244 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , A. L. and Feeney , K. L. 1967 . Quality control in bacteriology through media monitoring . Am. J. med. Technol. , 33 : 387 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• Beckett , F. W. 1967 . Use of salmonella vaccine in outbreaks of salmonellosis in sheep . N.Z. vet. J. , 15 : 66 – 69 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bierer , B. W. and Eleazer , T. H. 1965 . Chnical salmonellosis accidentally induced by feed and water deprivation of one-week-old broiler chicks . Poult. Sci. , 44 : 1606 – 1607 .
   Google Scholar
• Bierer , B. W. and Vickers , C. L. 1960 . Nitrofuran medication for experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in poults . Avian Dis. , 4 : 22 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Blood , D. C. and Henderson , J. A. 1968 . Veterinary Medicine , 3rd Ed. , Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Bohnhoff , M. and Miller , C. P. 1962 . Enhanced susceptibility to salmonella infection in streptomycin-treated mice . J. infect. Dis. , 111 : 117 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botes , H. J. W. 1965 . Live vaccines in the control of salmonellosis . Jl S. Afr. vet. med. Ass. , 36 : 461 – 474 .
   Google Scholar
• Botes , H. J. W. 1967 . The incidence, cpidemiology, and control of salmonellosis in domestic animals and poultry in South Africa . Bull. Off. int. Epizoot. , 68 : 261 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyer , C. I. , Bruner , D. W. and Brown , J. A. 1958 . Salmonella organisms isolated from poultry feed . Avian Dis. , 2 : 396 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Brownlie , L. E. and Grau , F. H. 1967 . Effect of food intake on growth and survival of salmonellas and Escherichia coli in the bovine rumen . J. gen. Microbiol. , 46 : 125 – 134 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruce , D. L. 1967 . Effect of halothane anaesthesia on experimental salmonella peritonitis in mice . J.surg.Res. , 7 : 180 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Bryan , F. L. , Ayres , J. C. and Kraft , A. A. 1968 . Contributory sources of salmonellae on turkey products . Am. J.Epidem. , 87 : 578 – 591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell , W. J. , Stulberg , C. S. and Peterson , W. D. 1966 . Somatic and flagellar immunofluorescence of Salmonella . J.Bact. , 92 ( 1 ) : 177 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Cherry , W. B. , Davis , Betty R. , Edwards , P. R. and Hogan , R. B. 1954 . A simple procedure for the identification of the genus Salmonella by means of a specific bacteriophage . J. lab. din. Med. , 44 : 51 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , B. S. 1967 . Evaluation of vaccines against salmonellosis in sheep . N.Z. vet. J. , 15 : 215 – 216 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davies , E. T. and Venn , J. A. J. 1962 . The detection of a bovine carrier of Salmonella heidelberg . J. Hyg., Camb. , 60 : 495 – 500 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , G. B. 1969 . Field trials with an ovine salmonella vaccine . N.Z. vet. f. , 17 : 62 – 64 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Jong , H. and Ekdahl , M. O. 1965 . Salmonellosis in calves — the effect of dose rate and other factors on transmission . N.Z. vet. J. , 13 : 59 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dennis , S. M. and Armstrong , J. M. 1965 . Ovine abortion due to Salmonella typhimurium in Western Australia . Aust.vet.J. , 41 : 178 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Dreumel van , A. A. , Boycott , B. R. and Boroski , R. A. 1969 . A common source epizootic of bovine salmonellosis in Manitoba . Can. vet. f. , 10 : 33 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Edel , W. , Guinee , P. A. M. , Schothorst , M. van. and Kampelmacher , E. H. 1967 . Salmonella infections in pigs fattened with pellets and unpelleted meal . Zentbl.VetMed. , 14 : 393 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Edel , W. and Kampelmacher , E. H. 1968 . Comparative studies on salmonella isolation in eight European laboratories . Bull. Wld Hlth Org. , 39 : 487 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , P. R. and Ewing , W. H. 1968 . Identification of Enterobacteriaceae , Minneapolis : Burgess Publishing Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , E. M. and Harrington , R. 1968 . A direct fluorescent antibody technique for the examination of animal by products, foods and feeds for salmonella. A preliminary study . Proc. U.S. live Stk sanit. Ass. , : 553 – 564 .
   Google Scholar
• Frik , J. F. 1963 . A preliminary communication of an investigation on the epizootiology of Salmonella dublin infections in calves and cattle in the Netherlands . XVII World Veterinary Congress , I : 691 – 692 .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , M. M. , Morris , G. K. and Martin , W. T. 1968 . Salmonellae in foods and feeds , Atlanta : U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare .
   Google Scholar
• Galton , M. M. , Smith , W. W. , McEIrath , H. B. and Hardy , A. M. 1954 . Salmonella in swine, cattle, and the environment of abattoirs . J. infect. Dis. , 95 : 236 – 245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garside , J. S. , Gordon , R. P. and Tucker , J. F. 1960 . The emergence of resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium in the tissues and alimentary tracts of chickens following the feeding of an antibiotic . Res. vet. Sci. , 1 : 184 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Gauger , H. C. and Greaves , R. E. 1946 . Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium from drinking water in an infected environment . Poult. Sci. , 25 : 476 – 478 .
   Google Scholar
• Georgala , D. L. and Boothroyd , Marjory . 1964 . A rapid immunofluorescence technique for detecting salmonellae in raw meat . J. Hyg., Camb. , 62 : 319 – 327 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerichter , C. B. and Sechter , I. 1966 . Comparison of methods for the isolation of Salmonella from bone meal . Appl. Microbiol , 14 : 711 – 715 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gibson , E. A. 1965 . Salmonella infection in cattle . J. Dairy Res. , 32 : 97 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , E. A. 1967 . Disposal of farm effluent . Agriculture. Land. , 74 : 183 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Gitter , M. and Kidd , A. R. M. 1967 . Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium from carrier pigs . Vet. Rec. , 81 : 358 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , R. F. and Tucker , J. F. 1965 . The epizootiology of Salmonella menston infection of fowls and the effect of feeding poultry food artificially infected with Salmonella . Br. Poult. Sci. , 6 : 251 – 264 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gowen , J. W. 1961 . Experimental analysis of genetic determinants in resistance to infectious disease . Ann. N.Y.Acad. Sci. , 91 : 689 – 709 .
   Google Scholar
• Graham-Marr , T. and Spreull , J. S. A. 1969 . Disinfection in veterinary practice . N.Z. vet. f. , 17 : 1 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grau , F. H. and Brownlie , L. E. 1965 . Occurrence of salmonellas in the bovine rumen . Aust. vet. J. , 41 : 321 – 323 .
   Google Scholar
• Grau , F. H. , Brownlie , L. E. and Roberts , E. A. 1968 . Effect of some pre-slaughter treatments on the Salmonella population in the bovine rumen and faeces . J. appl. Bact. , 31 : 157 – 163 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grau , F. H. , Brownlie , L. E. and Smith , M. G. 1969 . Effect of food intake on numbers of salmonellae and Escherichia coli in rumen and faeces of sheep . J. appl. Bact. , 32 : 112 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , D. F. , Lewis , P. F. and Gorrie , C. J. R. 1958 . Bonemeal as a source of bovine salmonellosis . Aust. vet. f. , 34 : 345 – 351 .
   Google Scholar
• Guinee , P. A. M. , Kampelmacher , E. H. , Van Keulen , A. and Hofstra , K. 1964 . Salmonellae in healthy cows and calves in the Netherlands . Zentbl. VetMed. , 11 : 728 – 740 .
   Google Scholar
• Haglund , J. R. , Ayres , J. C. , Paton , A. M. , Kraft , A. A. and Quinn , L. Y. 1964 . Detection of Salmonella in eggs and egg products with fluorescent antibody . Appl. Microbiol. , 12 : 447 – 450 .
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , R. W. S. and Price , T. H. 1967 . The examination of samples infected with multiple salmonella serotypes . J. Hyg., Camb. , 65 : 423 – 434 .
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , R. W. S. and Price , T. H. 1968 . Elevated temperature incubation of enrichment media for the isolation of salmonellas from heavily contaminated materials . J. Hyg., Camb. , 66 : 377 – 381 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heard , T. W. , Jennett , Nada E. and Linton , A. H. 1968 . The control and eradication of salmonellosis in a closed pig herd . Vet. Rec. , 82 : 92 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Heard , T. W. and Linton , A. H. 1966 . An epidemiological study of Salmonella in a closed pig herd . J. Hyg., Camb. , 64 : 411 – 417 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heard , T. W. , Linton , A. H. , Penny , R. H. C. and Wilson , M. R. 1965 . Salmonella typhimurium infection in a hysterectomy-produced herd of pigs . Vet. Rec. , 77 ( 1 ) : 276 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Henning , M. W. 1953 . Calf Paratyphoid III. — The transmission of anti-bodies to newly born calves . Onderstepoort J. vet. Res. , 26 : 45 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Hobson , D. 1957 . The behaviour of a mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium in experimental mouse typhoid . J. Hyg., Camb. , 55 : 322 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Hugh-Jones , M. E. 1969 . Epidemiological studies on Salmonella senftenberg II. Infections in farm animals . J. Hyg., Camb. , 67 : 89 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Jack , E. J. 1968 . Salmonella abortus ovis. An atypical salmonella . Vet. Rec. , 82 : 558 – 561 .
   Google Scholar
• Jack , E. J. and Hepper , P. T. 1969 . An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection in cattle associated with the spreading of slurry . Vet. Rec. , 84 : 196 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , C. A. W. , Johnston , R. E. and Keast , J. C. 1968 . Progress in pullorum disease control in Australia . Aust. vet. J. , 44 : 195 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Jameson , J. E. 1962 . A discussion of the dynamics of salmonella enrichment . J. Hyg., Camb. , 60 : 193 – 207 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jorgensen , B. V. 1962 . “ The occurrence of salmonella in domestic sewage and abattoir wastes with special reference to the epidemiology ” . In Royal Veterinary Agricultural College Yearbook , 1 – 38 . Copenhagen. Asskr. K. Vet-Landbohojsk . In
   Google Scholar
• Josland , S. W. 1954a . The immunogenic properties of Salmonella typhimurium in sheep . N.Z. vet. J. , 2 : 2 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Josland , S. W. 1954b . The infective and immunogenic properties of Salmonella choleraesuis in weaner pigs . N.Z. vet. J. , 2 : 41 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Kalich , J. , El Bahay , G. and Maier , E. 1967 . Die hygienische und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Selbsttranken . Tierarztl Umsch. , 22 : 134 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Kampelmacher , E. H. 1965 . Salmonellas in meat . Lancet. , i : 914 – 914 .
   Google Scholar
• Kampelmacher , E. H. , Guinee , P. A. M. , Hofstra , K. and Keulen , A. van . 1961 . Studies on salmonella in slaughter houses . Zentbl. VetMed. , 8 : 1,025 – 1,042 .
   Google Scholar
• Kampelmacher , E. H. , Guinee , P A. M. and Jansen , L. 1965 . Studies on the use of surface, decontamination of salmonella contaminated mesenteric lymph nodes by boiling water . Zentbl. Bukt. Parasitkde. I. (Orig.), , 196 : 34 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Kauffman , F. 1966 . The Bacteriology of Enterobacteriaceae , Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Kaye , D. , Palmieri , M. , Eyckmans , L. , Rocha , H. and Hook , E. W. 1966 . Comparison of bile and trypticase soy broth for isolation of Salmonella from blood . Am. J. din. Path. , 46 : 408 – 410 .
   Google Scholar
• Kelterborn , E. 1967 . Salmonella Species — First Isolations, Names, and Occurrence , The Hague : Dr W. Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Kent , T. H. , Formal , S. B. and Labrec , E. H. 1966 . Salmonella gastroenteritis in rhesus monkeys . Archs Path. , 82 : 272 – 279 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• King , S. and Metzger , W. I. 1968 . A new plating medium for the isolation of enteric pathogens . Appl. Microbiol. , 16 : 577 – 578 .
   Google Scholar
• Larkin , P. J. and Hicks , Maureen . 1967 . Diagnosis and treatment of chronic Salmonella typhimurium infection in sows . Vet. Rec. , 81 : 231 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Lawson , G. H. K. and Dow , D. 1965 . Experimental vaccination of pigs with avirulent rough strains of Salmonella choleraesuis . Br. vet. J. , 121 : 521 – 531 .
   Google Scholar
• Leech , F. B. , Macrae , W. D. and Menzies , D. W. 1968 . Calf wastage and husbandry in Britain. 1962–63. , Animal Disease Surveys Report No. 5 London : H.M.S.O. .
   Google Scholar
• Lovelock , D. W. and Davies , A. 1966 . A fluorescentantibody technique for the rapid detection of salmonellae in foodstuffs . J. R. microsc. Soc. , 87 : 35 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• McCall , C. E. , Martin , W. T. and Boring , J. R. 1966 . Efficiency of cultures of rectal swabs and fecal specimens in detecting salmonella carriers: correlation with numbers of salmonellas excreted . J. Hyg., Camb. , 64 : 261 – 269 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCoy , J. H. 1962 . The isolation of Salmonellae . J.appl.Bact. , 25 : 213 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• McCoy , J. H. 1964 . “ Salmonellae in crude sewage, sewage effluent and sewage-polluted natural waters ” . In International Conference on Water Pollution Research , 205 – 226 . London : Pergamon Press . In
   Google Scholar
• McDonough , F. E. and Hargrove , R. E. 1968 . Heat resistance of salmonella in dried milk . J. Dairy Sci. , 51 ( 1 ) : 587 – 591 .
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod , D. R. E. 1954 . Immunity to salmonella infection in mice . J. Hyg., Camb. , 52 : 9 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Mair , N. S. and Ross , A. I. 1960 . Survival of Salmonella typhimurium in the soil . Mon. Bull. Minist. Hlth , 19 : 39 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Marth , E. H. 1969 . Salmonellae and salmonellosis associated with milk and milk products. A review . J. Dairy Sci. , 52 : 283 – 315 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin , W. J. and Ewing , W. H. 1969 . Prevalence of serotypes of Salmonella . Appl. Microbiol. , 17 : 111 – 117 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matches , J. R. and Liston , J. 1968 . Low temperature growth of salmonella . J. Fd Sci. , 33 : 641 – 645 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , C. P. and Bohnhoff , M. 1962 . A study of experimental salmonella infection in the mouse . J. infect. Dis. , 111 : 107 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Miraglia , G. J. and Berry , L. J. 1962 . Enhancement of salmonellosis and emergence of secondary infection in mice exposed to cold . J. Bact. , 84 ( 1 ) : 173 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Miura , S. , Sata , G. and Miyamae , T. 1964 . Occurrence and survival of salmonella organisms in hatcher chick fluff from commercial hatcheries . Avian. Dis. , 8 : 546 – 554 .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , B. 1948 . The detection of paratyphoid carriers in towns by means of sewage examination . Mon. Bull. Minist. Hlth , 7 : 241 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Muller , G. 1965 . Salmonella in bird feces . Nature, Lond. , 207 : 1,315 – 1,315 .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , J. G. 1969 . An approach to bacteriological standards . J. appl. Bact. , 32 : 123 – 135 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mylrea , P. J. 1968 . Passage of antibiotics through the digestive tract of normal and scouring calves and their effect upon the bacterial flora . Res. vet. Sci. , 9 : 5 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Newberne , P. M. , Hunt , C. F. and Young , V. R. 1968 . The role of diet and the reticuloendothelial system in the response of rats to Salmonella typhimurium infection . Br. J. exp. Path. , 49 : 448 – 457 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newell , K. W. 1967 . Possibilities for investigation and control of salmonellosis for this decade . Am. J. publ. Hlth , 57 : 472 – 476 .
   Google Scholar
• Nottingham , P. M. and Urselmann , A. J. 1961 . Salmonella infection in calves and other animals . N.Z. Jl agric. Res. , 4 : 449 – 460 .
   Google Scholar
• Pickett , M. J. and Goodman , R. E. 1966 . ß-Galactosidase for distinguishing between Citrobacter and Salmonella . Appl. Microbiol. , 14 : 178 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Piening , C. 1954 . Beitrag zur Klarung der Aetiologie des sogenannten Kalberparatyphus . Berl. Munch. derarztl.Wschr. , 67 : 277 – 281 .
   Google Scholar
• Poelma , P. L. , Wilson , C. R. and Padron , A. 1969 . Detection and identification of salmonella from dry milk . J. Ass. off. agric. Chem. , 52 : 455 – 458 .
   Google Scholar
• Previte , J. J. and Williams , M. 1969 . Sensitization of mice by cold exposure to oral infection with S typhimurium . Bad. Proc. , 68
   Google Scholar
• Rabenstein , M. M. 1958 . The practical establishment and maintenance of salmonella-free mouse colonies . Lab. anim. Care , 8 : 67 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Rankin , J. D. and Taylor , R. J. 1967 . Experiments in calves to determine the safety of a strain of Salmonella dublin (Strain 51) used in the commercial production of a vaccine . Vet. Rec. , 80 : 247 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Rankin , J. D. , Taylor , R. J. and Newman , G. 1967 . The protection of calves against infection with Salmonella typhimurium by means of a vaccine prepared from Salmonella dublin (Strain 51) . Vet. Rec. , 80 : 720 – 726 .
   Google Scholar
• Read , R. B. and Reyes , A. L. 1968 . Variation in plating efficiency of salmonellae on eight lots of brilliant green agar . Appl. Microbiol. , 16 : 746 – 748 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roantree , R. J. 1967 . Salmonella O antigens and virulence . A. Rev. Microbiol. , 21 : 443 – 466 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , R. A. 1965 . Ante-mortem condemnation of young calves . N.Z. vet. f. , 13 : 76 – 77 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , R. A. 1966 . Salmonellosis in young calves . N.Z. vet. J. , 14 : 33 – 39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , R. A. 1967a . Field survey of selected dairy farms in relation to salmonella infection: Unpublished Report . N.Z. Dept. of Agriculture ,
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , R. A. 1967b . Salmonella excretion by sheep following yarding . N.Z. vet. J. , 15 : 24 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , R. A. and Allen , R. 1966 . Some recent salmonella importations . Pub. Hlth. Wellington, N.Z. , 81 : 52 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , R. A. and Daniel , M. J. 1968 . The significance of salmonella isolations from wild birds and rats in New Zealand . N.Z. vet. J. , 16 : 53 – 55 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , R. A. and Loken , K. I. 1968 . Age susceptibility and excretion of Salmonella typhimurium in calves . J. Hyg., Camb. , 66 : 207 – 216 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosow , C. F. and Darby , C. W. 1964 . “ Role of animal feed industry ” . In Proceedings of National Conference of Salmonellosis , 161 – 163 . Atlanta : U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare . In
   Google Scholar
• Royal , W. A. , Robinson , R. A. and Duganzich , D. M . 1968 . Colostral immunity against salmonella infection in calves . N.Z. vet. J. , 16 : 141 – 145 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Royal , W. A. , Robinson , R. A. and Loken , K. I. 1969 . The influence of Chlortetracycline feeding on Salmonella typhimurium excretion in young calves . Vet. Rec. , 86 : 67 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Rudge , J. M. , Cooper , B. S. and Jull , D. J. 1968 . Testing a bivalent vaccine in sheep against experimental infection with Salmonella bovis-morbificans and Salmonella typhimurium . N.Z. vet. J. , 16 : 23 – 30 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Russell , R. R. and Tannock , G. W. 1964 . The isolation of Salmonella Oranienburg from an ovine foetus in New Zealand . N.Z. vet. J. , 12 : 25 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Sadler , W. W. , Corstvet , R. E. , Adler , H. E. and Yamamoto , R. 1966 . Relative prevalence of bacterial agents and histopathology in passed and condemned poultry carcasses and livers . J. Fd Sci. , 31 : 773 – 780 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salisbury , R. M. 1958 . Salmonella infections in animals and birds in New Zealand . N.Z. vet. f. , 6 : 76 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Shotts , E. B. , Martin , W. T. and Galton , M. M. 1961 . Further studies on salmonella in human and animal foods and in the environment of processing plants . Proc. U.S. live Stk sanit. Ass. , : 309 – 318 .
   Google Scholar
• Silliker , J. H. 1967 . Problems related to salmonella contamination in meats . Proc. a. recipr. Meat Conf. Am. Meat Sci. Ass. , : 292 – 297 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. J. K. and Thomas , K. L. 1966 . A possible source of Salmonella paratyph. B. infections in North Wales 1959–64 . Mon. Bull. Minist. Hlth , 25 : 219 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1955a . Observations on experimental fowl typhoid . J. comp. Path. , 65 : 37 – 54 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1955b . The treatment of experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in turkey poults and chicks . Vet. Rec. , 67 : 749 – 753 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1955c . The longevity of Salmonella gallinarum in the faeces of infected chickens . J. comp. Path. , 65 : 267 – 270 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1956a . Susceptibility of different breeds of chickens to experimental Salmonella gallinarum infection . Poult Sci. , 35 : 701 – 705 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1956b . The use of live vaccines in experimental Salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens with observation on their interference effect . J. Hyg., Camb. , 54 : 419 – 432 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1956c . The immunity to Salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens produced by live cultures of members of the Salmonella genus . J. Hyg., Camb. , 54 : 433 – 439 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1959 . The isolation of Salmonellae from the mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs, and cats and from other organs of poultry . J. Hyg., Camb. , 57 : 266 – 273 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1965 . The immunization of mice, calves, and pigs against Salmonella dublin and Salmonella choleraesuis infections . J. Hyg., Camb. , 63 : 117 – 135 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1967 . The effect of the use of antibacterial drugs, particularly as food additives, on the emergence of drug-resistant strains of bacteria in animals . N.Z.vet.J. , 15 : 153 – 166 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , H. W. 1969 . “ The influence of antimicrobial drugs in animal feeds on the emergence of drug resistant, disease producing bacteria in animals ” . In The Use of Drugs in Animal Feeds , Washington : National Academy of Sciences . In
   Google Scholar
• Smith , H. W. and Halls , Sheila . 1966 . The immunity produced by a rough Salmonella dublin variant against S typhimurium and Salmonella choleraesuis infection in guinea-pigs . J. Hyg., Camb. , 64 : 357 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , H. W. and Jones , J. E. T. 1967 . Observations on experimental oral infection with Salmonella dublin in calves and Salmonella choleraesuis in pigs . J. Path. Bact. , 93 : 141 – 156 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , J. M. B. and Robinson , R. A. 1964 . Salmonella typhimurium in New Zealand hedgehogs . N.Z. vet. J. , 12 : 111 – 112 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smyser , C. F. , Adinarayanan , N. , Van Roekel , H. and Snocyenbos , C. H. 1966 . Field and laboratory observations on Salmonella heidelberg infection in three chicken breeding flocks . Avian Dis. , 10 : 314 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Snoeyenbos , G. H. , Carlson , V. L. , McKie , B. A. and Smyser , C. F. 1967 . An epidemiological study of salmonellosis of chickens . Avian Dis. , 11 : 653 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiher , A. T. 1968 . Food irradiation. An F.D.A. Report . F.D.A. Papers , 2 : 15 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Spino , D. F. 1966 . Elevated-temperature technique for the isolation of Salmonella from streams . Appl. Microbiol. , 14 : 591 – 596 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steele , J. H. and Busch , L. A. 1965 . Garbage-borne diseases of swine and their relationship to public health . Proc. U.S. live Stk sanit. Ass. , : 328 – 334 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , A. J. , Gibson , E. A. and Hughes , L. E. 1967 . Salmonellosis: The present position in man and animals. Ill — Recent observations on field aspects . Vet. Rec. , 80 : 154 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , W. I. 1965 . Isolation of shigellae . Am. f. din. Path. , 44 : 471 – 475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten Cate , L. 1965 . A note on a simple and rapid method of bacteriological sampling by means of agar sausages . J. appl. Bact. , 28 : 221 – 223 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas , K. L. 1967 . Survival of Salmonella paratyphi B, Phage type I Var. 6, in soil . Mon. Bull. Minist. Hlth , 36 : 29 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Timoney , J. 1968 . The sources and extent of salmonella contamination in rendering plants . Vet. Rec. , 83 : 541 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker , J. F. 1967 . Survival of salmonellae in built-up litter for housing of rearing and laying fowls . Br. vet. J. , 123 : 92 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• van der Walt , K. , Jenkins , W. L. and Botes , H. J. W. 1967 . The therapeutic control of calf paratyphoid (S. dublin infection) . J. S. Afr. vet. med. Ass. , 38 : 425 – 430 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Roekel , H. 1964 . Is eradication of pullorum disease realistic? . J. Am. vet. Med. Ass. , 144 : 19 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , G. V. and Murch , O. 1967 . Field trials to assess the value of a bivalent killed salmonella vaccine in the control of ovine salmonellosis . N.Z. vet. J. , 15 : 62 – 65 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walton , J. R. 1968 . Infectious drug resistance . Vet. Ree , 82 : 448 – 454 .
   Google Scholar
• Weissman , M. A. and Carpenter , J. A. 1969 . Incidence of salmonellae in meat and meat products . Appl. Microbiol. , 17 : 899 – 902 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams , L. P. and Newell , K. W. 1967 . Patterns of salmonella excretion in market swine . Am. J. publ. Hlth , 57 : 466 – 471 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , L. P. and Newell , K. W. 1968 . Sources of salmonellas in market swine . J. Hyg., Camb. , 66 : 281 – 293 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williamson , G. T. 1961 . Preliminary observation on a new chemotherapeutic, “Enterol”, and its possible uses in the treatment of salmonellosis . N.Z. vet. J. , 9 : 75 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , J. E. 1957 . Pullorum disease in Scotland . Br. vet. f. , 123 : 139 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , S. T. and Germaine , F. W. 1968 . Status of the State-Federal salmonella program . Prec U.S. live Stk sanit. Ass. , : 129 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Woods , G. T. , Hanson , L. E. , Swenson , G. H. and Rhoades , H. E. 1968 . Acute infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and salmonellosis in a dairy herd . f. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 152 ( 1 ) : 530 – 535 .
   Google Scholar
• Wormald , P. J. and Greasby , A. S. 1965 . An epidemic of S. typhimurium in calves . Mon. Bull. Minist. Hlth , 24 : 58 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto , R. , Kilian , J. E. , Babcock , W. E. and Dickinson , E. M. 1952 . Some observations on serological testing for Salmonella typhimurium in breeder turkeys . Avian Dis. , 6 : 444 – 454 .
   Google Scholar