73
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Factors influencing the reproductive capacity of a dairy herd

&
Pages 178-189 | Published online: 23 Feb 2011

References

  • Almquist , F. O. 1973 . Artificial insemination in farm animals — Dairy Cattle , 4th Ed Edited by: Perry , Enos J. 94 – 141 .
  • Andersen , H. 1966 . The effect of season of the year, age of the cow and size of the herd on fertility in cows . Arsberetn. lnst. f. Sterilitetsforskn , : 227 – 247 .
  • Anon. A.I. Digest 1957 5 17 17
  • Anon. A.I. Digest 1957 5 21 21
  • Anon. Prenatal and postnatal mortality in cattle Washington, D.C 1968 N.A.S. Publication 1685
  • Appleyard , W. T. and C. Cook , B. 1976 . The detection of oestrus in dairy cattle . Vet. Rec. , 99 : 253 – 256 .
  • Archibald , L. F. , Gibson , C. D. , Schulz , R. H. , Fahning , M. L. and Zemjanis , R. . 1973 . Effects of intrauterine inoculation of bovine viral-diarrhea-mucosal-disease virus on uterine tubes and uterus of non-pregnant cows . Am. J. vet. Res. , 34 : 1133 – 1137 .
  • Ayalon , N. 1964 . Sterilitas sine materia . Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A. I., Trento , 47-80
  • Ayalon , N. , Harrari , H. H. , Lewis , I. , Posener , L. A. and Cohen , Y. 1971 . Relation of the calving- to service interval to fertility in dairy cows with different reproductive histories, production levels and management practices . Refuah Vet. , 28 : 155 – 165 .
  • Bach , S. and Priebus , G. 1972 . Untersuchungen zum Puerperalverlauf in Rinder- herden . Mh. Vet. Med. , 27 : 499 – 502 .
  • Baier , W. , Bostedt , H. and Schmidt , G. 1973 . Uber die Fruchtbarkeitslage nach Schwergeburten beim Rind . Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. , 86 : 3 – 7 .
  • Bane , A . 1954 . Sexual functions of bulls in relation to heredity, rearing intensity and somatic conditions . Acta. Agric. Scand. , 4 : 95 – 103 .
  • Bane , A. 1964 . Fertility and reproductive disorders in Swedish cattle . Br. vet. J. , 120 : 431 – 441 .
  • Barr , H. L. 1975 . Influence of estrus detection on days open in dairy herds . J. Dairy Sci. , 58 : 246 – 247 .
  • Bartlett , D. E. 1968 . “ Bovine venereal trichomoniasis and bovine abortion ” . In Abortion, Disease of Livestock , Edited by: Faulkner , L.C. Springfield, Illinois : Charles C. Thomas . In
  • Bellows , R. A. , Short , R. E. , Anderson , D. C. , Knapp , B. W. and Pahnish , O. F. 1971 . Cause and effect of relationship associated with calving difficulty and calf birth weight . J. Anim. Sci. , 33 : 407 – 415 .
  • Bellows , R. A. 1971 . “ Calf losses in beef cattle ” . In Mimeo , Miles City, Montana : U.S. Range Livetock Exp. Sta. .
  • Benesch , F. 1944 . Erkrankungen der cervix als Sterilitätsursache beim . Rind. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wschr. , : 314 – 314 . (Vet. Bull., Wyebridge, 17, 477, no. 2014, (1947)).
  • Bennett , R. C. , Olds , D. , Deaton , O. W. and Thrift , F. A. 1973 . Nature of white heifer disease (Partial genital aplasia) and its mode of inheritance . Am. J. Vet. Res. , 34 : 13 – 19 .
  • Bishop , M. W. H. 1964 . Paternal contribution to embryonic death . J. Reprod. Fert. , 7 : 383 – 396 .
  • Bond , J. and MacDowell , R. E. 1972 . Reproductive performance and physiological responses of beef females as affected by a prolonged high environmental temp-erature . J. Anim. Sci. , : 820 – 827 .
  • Bouters , R. , Vandelplassche , M. , Florent , A. and Leunen , J. 1964 . Virusinfectie en steriliteit bij runderen . Vlaams Diergeneesk. Tijdschr. , 33 : 405 – 421 .
  • Boyd , H. and Reed , H. C. B. 1961a . Investigation into the incidence and causes of infertility in dairy cattle. — Fertility variations . Br. Vet. J. , 117 : 18 – 31 .
  • Boyd , H. and Reed , H. C. B. 1961b . Investigation into the incidence and causes of infertility in dairy cattle: — Influence of some management factors, factors affecting the semen and insemination conditions . Br. vet. J. , 117 : 74 – 86 .
  • Boyd , H. and Reed , H. C. B. 1961c . Investigation into the incidence and causes of infertility in dairy cattle: — Influence of kale feeding, milk production and management . Br. vet. J. , 117 : 192 – 200 .
  • Boyd , H. 1977 . Anoestrus in cattle . Vet. Rec. , 100 : 150 – 153 .
  • Boyd , L. J. , Sheath , D. M. and Olds , D. 1954 . Relation between the level of milk production and breeding efficiency in dairy cattle . J. Anim. Sci. , 13 : 89 – 93 .
  • Boyd , L. J. 1970 . Managing dairy cattle for fertility . J. Dairy Sci. , 53 : 969 – 972 .
  • Bozworth , R. W. , Ward , G. , Call , E. P. and Bonewitz , E. R. 1972 . Analysis of factors affecting calving intervals of dairy cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 55 : 334 – 338 .
  • Brands , A. F. A. 1966 . “ Enige zoötechnische aspecten van retentio secundinarium bij runderen ” . In Thesis Utrecht
  • Britt , J. H. 1975 . Early post partum breeding in dairy cows. A review . J. Dairy Sci. , 58 : 266 – 271 .
  • Britt , J. H. 1977 . Strategies for managing reproduction and controlling health problems in groups of cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 60 : 1345 – 1353 .
  • Broster , W. H. 1971 . The effect on milkyield of the cow of the level of feeding before calving . Dairy Sci. Abstr. , 33 : 253 – 270 .
  • Broster , W. H. 1972 . Effect on milkyield of the cow of the level of feeding during lactation . Dairy Sci. Abstr. , 34 : 265 – 288 .
  • Broster , W. H. 1973 . Liveweight change and fertility in lactating dairy cows: A review . Vet. Rec. , 93 : 417 – 420 .
  • Bruere , A. N. and Chapman , H. M. 1973 . Autosomal translocation in two exotic breeds of cattle in New Zealand . Vet. Rec. , 92 : 615 – 615 .
  • Carroll , E. J. and Hoerlein , A. B. 1972 . Diagnosis and control of bovine genital vibriosis . J.A.V.M.A. , 161 : 1359 – 1364 .
  • Casida , L. E. and Chapman , A. B. 1951 . Factors affecting the incidence of cystic ovaries in a herd of Holstein cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 34 : 1200 – 1205 .
  • Clark , B. L. 1971 . Review of bovine vibriosis . Aust. Vet. J. , 47 : 103 – 103 .
  • Cohen , Ph. 1956 . “ Een statistisch onderzoek omtrent retentio secundinarum en enige andere, met de voortplantingsamenhangende processen bij het rund ” . In Thesis Utrecht
  • Conlin , B. J. 1974 . Use of records in managing for good lactational and re- productive performance . J. Dairy Sci. , 57 : 377 – 385 .
  • Conneally , P. M. , Stone , W. H. , Tyler , R. , Casida , L. E. and Morton , N. E. 1963 . Genetic load expressed as fetal death in cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 46 : 232 – 236 .
  • Crowley , J. P. 1968 . “ An foras taluntais Agricultural Institute Dunsinea ” . In Research report
  • Currie , E. J. 1956 . The influence of milk yield on fertility in dairy cattle . J. Dairy Res. , 32 : 301 – 304 .
  • Damm , H. J. 1965 . “ Beziehungen zwischen Milchleistung and Fruchtbarkeit beim Rind (Untersuchungen in Grünland betrieben) ” . In Thesis Hannover
  • Dannenberg , K. 1967 . “ Ist die Konzeptionsbereitschaft beim Rind leistungsabhängig? ” . In Thesis Göttingen
  • Darre , R. , Queinnec , G. and Berland , H. M. 1972 . La translocation 1–29 des bovins. Etude générale et importance du phéno-mène dans le sud-ouest . Revue Méd. Vét. , 123 : 477 – 494 .
  • David , J. S. E. , Bishop , M. W. H. and Cembrowicz , H. J. 1971 . Reproductive expectancy and infertility in cattle . Vet. Rec. , 89 : 181 – 185 .
  • Dawson , F. L. M. 1963 . The effect on fertility of high milk production in cattle . Refuah Vet. , 20 : 237 – 242 .
  • Deas , D. W. 1970 . The timing of insemination . Vet. Rec. , 88 : 450 – 451 .
  • Deas , D. W. 1971 . The effect of supplementary light on winter infertility in cattle . Vet. Rec. , 89 : 242 – 242 .
  • De Bois , C. H. W. 1961 . “ Endometritis en vruchtbaarheid bij het rund ” . In Thesis Utrecht
  • De Groot , T. and Numans , S. R. 1946 . Over de erfelijkheid der impotentia coeundii bij stieren . Tijdsch. Diergeneesk. , 71 : 372 – 379 .
  • De Kruif , A. 1975a . “ Fertiliteit en subfertiliteit bij het vrouwelijk rund ” . In Thesis Utrecht
  • De Kruif , A. 1975b . An investigation of the parameters which determine the fertility of a cattle population and of some factors which influence these para-meters . Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. , 100 : 1089 – 1098 .
  • De Kruif , A. 1976 . A fertility control programme in The Netherlands . Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. , 101 : 428 – 430 .
  • De Kruif , A. 1977 . Een onderzoek van runderen in anoestrus . Tijdschr. Dier-geneesk. , 102 : 247 – 253 .
  • Dieten , S. W. J. van . 1963 . “ Mortaliteit van kalveren bij de partus à terme van M.R.Y.-runderen ” . In Thesis Utrecht
  • Dieten , S. W. J. van . 1964 . Fertility after stillbirth in cattle . Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A.I., Trento , V : 177 – 182 .
  • Dieten , S. W. J. van . 1968 . De invloed van enige bedrijfsomstandighdeden op de vruchtbaarheid van rundvee . Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. , 93 : 1279 – 1288 .
  • Donaldson , L. E. 1968 . The efficiency of several methods for detecting oestrus in cattle . Aust. vet. J. , 44 : 496 – 498 .
  • Elving , L. and Covers , J. R. 1975 . Enkele aspecten van de vruchtbaar-heidsresultaten bij toepassing van K.I. en natuurlijke dekking. Tijdschr . Diergeneesk. , 100 : 484 – 488 .
  • Erb , R. E. and Holtz , E. W. 1958 . Factors associated with estimated fertilization and service efficiency of cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 41 : 1541 – 1552 .
  • Erickson , K. 1943 . “ Hereditary forms of sterility in cattle ” . In Biological and genital investigations , Lund, , Sweden : Hakan Olsson .
  • Esslemont , R. J. 1974 . Economic and husbandry aspects of the manifestation and detection of oestrus in cows.1. Economic aspects . A DA S Q. Rev. , 12 : 175 – 184 .
  • Esslemont , R. J. and Ellis , P. R. 1974 . Components of a herd calving interval . Vet. Rec. , 95 : 319 – 320 .
  • Esslemont , R. J. and Bryant , M. J. 1974 . Economic and husbandry aspects of the manifestation and detection of oestrus in cows. II. The manifestation of oestrus in cattle . ADAS Q. Rev. , 13 : 19 – 26 .
  • Esslemont , R. J. 1974 . Economic and husbandry aspects of the manifestation and detection of oestrus in cows. III. The detection of oestrus . ADASQ. Rev. , 15 : 83 – 95 .
  • Fechheimer , N. S. 1973 . A cytogenetic survey of young bulls in the U.S.A. . Vet. Rec. , 93 : 535 – 536 .
  • Fincher , M. G. and Williams , W. L. 1926 . Arrested development of the Müllerian ducts associated with inbreeding . Cornell Vet. , 16 : 1 – 19 .
  • Foote , R. H. 1970 . Inheritance of fertility — facts, opinions and speculations . J. Dairy Sci. , 53 : 936 – 944 .
  • Foote , R. H. 1975 . Estrus detection and estrus detection aids . J. Dairy Sci. , 58 : 248 – 256 .
  • Francos , G. and Rattern , D. 1975 . On the relation between milk production and fertility in Kibbutz dairy cattle herds . J. Agric. Sci. Camb. , 85 : 527 – 531 .
  • Francos , G. , Davidson , M. and Mayer , E. 1977 . Influence of some nutritional factors on incidence of repeat breeder syndrome in high producing dairy herds . Theriogenology , 7 : 105 – 111 .
  • Frappell , J. P. 1969 . The use of A.I. centre records in applied science . Vet. Rec. , 87 : 381 – 385 .
  • Gaillard , C. , Dommerbolt , J. , Finland , E. , Gj\gfl-Christensen , L. , Lederer , J. , McClintock , A. E. , Mocquot , J. C. and Philipsson , J. 1977 . Livest. Prod. Sci. , 4 : 115 – 128 .
  • Gangwar , P. C. , Branton , C. and Evans , D. L. 1965 . Reproductive and physiological responses of Holstein heifers to controlled and natural climatic conditions . J. Dairy Sci. , 48 : 222 – 227 .
  • Garm , O. 1949 . A study on bovine nymfomania . Acta endocr. , 2 ( Suppl. 3 )
  • Gilmore , L. O. 1949 . The inheritance of functional causes of reproductive efficiency: A review . J. Dairy Sci. , 32 : 71 – 91 .
  • Goossens , J. H. H. 1971 . Psychogene milieuinvloeden als oorzaak van bedrijfs-steriliteit . Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. , 96 : 603 – 622 .
  • Gustafsson , I. 1969 . Cytogenetics, distribution and phaenotypic effects of a translocation in Swedish cattle . Hereditas , 63 : 68 – 68 .
  • Gwazdauskas , F. C. , Thatcher , W. W. and Wilcox , C. J. 1973 . Physiological, environmental and hormonal factors at insemination which may affect conception . J. Dairy Sci. , 56 : 873 – 877 .
  • Gwazdauskas , F. C. , Wilcox , C. J. and Thatcher , W. W. 1975 . Environmental and managemental factors affecting conception rate in a subtropical climate . J. Dairy Sci. , 58 : 88 – 92 .
  • Hafez , E. S. E. 1974 . “ Reproductive failure in males and artificial insemination ” . In Reproduction in farm animals , Third edition 373 – 383 . 1974, and 409–31.
  • Hahn , J. 1969 . Inheritance of fertility in cattle inseminated artifically . J. Dairy Sci. , 52 : 240 – 244 .
  • Hall , J. G. , Branton , C. and Stone , E. J. 1959 . Oestrus, oestrous cycles, ovulation time, time of service and fertility of dairy cattle in Louisiana . J. Dairy Sci. , 42 : 1086 – 1094 .
  • Hall , J. G. , Branton , C. and Stone , E. J. 1959 . Heat detection efficiency in open cows in Louisiana . J. Dairy Sci. , 42 : 1086 – 1094 .
  • Halnan , C. R. E. 1975 . Chromosomes of cattle: Present clinical status and promise . Vet. Rec. , 96 : 148 – 151 .
  • Hanson , L. E. 1960 . Bovine leptospirosis: A review . J. Dairy Sci. , 43 : 453 – 462 .
  • Harrison , D. S. , Meadows , G. E. , Boyd , L. J. and Britt , J. H. 1974 . Effect of interval to first service on reproduction, lactation and culling in dairy cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 57 : 628 – 628 . (abstr.)
  • Hartigan , P. J. 1972 . The veterinarian and fertility in the dairy herd . Irish. vet. J. , 26 : 153 – 159 .
  • Heimann , M. M. 1977 . Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse aus der Besamungszucht in Israel . Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wschr. , 84 : 205 – 209 .
  • Henricson , B. 1956 . Genital and Statistical investigations into the cystic ovaries in cattle . Proc. 3rd int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A.I., Cambridge , II : 49 – 51 .
  • Hentegs , J. F. 1967 . “ Level of feeding and bull performance ” . In Factors affecting calf crop , Edited by: Cunha , Warnick and Koger . Gainesville : University of Florida Press . Edited by
  • Hewett , C. D. 1968 . A survey of the incidence of the repeat breeder cow in Sweden with reference to herd size, season, age and milkyield . Br. vet. J. , 124 : 342 – 352 .
  • Hewett , C. D. 1971 . A study of the possible effects of certain environmental factors on fertility and milk production of dairy cows in Sweden . Nord. Vet. Med. , 23 : 65 – 85 .
  • Hill , J. R. , Lamond , R. , Henricks , D. M. , Dickey , J. F. and Niswender , G. D. 1970 . Effects of undernutrition on ovarian function and fertility in beef heifers . Biol. Reprod. , 2 : 78 – 84 .
  • Hirth , R. F. , Plastridge , W. N. , Toutellotte , M. E. and Nielson , S. W. 1966 . Genital mycoplasmosis in cattle and man . J. Am. vet. med Ass. , 148 : 277 – 277 .
  • Horvath , M. 1967 . Reproduction in high producing cows . Animal breeding abstracts , 35 : 241 – 241 . (Abstract no. 1330).
  • Hurnik , J. F. , King , G. J. and Robertson , H. A. 1975 . Oestrous and related behaviour in post partum Holstein cows . Appl. Anim. Ethol. , 2 : 55 – 65 .
  • Hurst , V. 1959 . Studies on anoestrum in dairy cows . J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 135 : 471 – 475 .
  • Irigraham , R. H. 1973 . Estimation of conception rate depression of Holstein cows by adverse temperature and humidity in tropical and subtropical climates . Inter. J. Biometeor. , 17 : 131 – 134 .
  • Inskeep , E. K. , Tyler , W. J. and Casida , L. E. 1961 . Hereditary variation in conception rates of Holstein Friesian cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 44 : 1857 – 1862 .
  • Ithamar , U. and Schindler , H. 1976 . Length of oestrus and mounting activity of post partum dairy cows . VIIIth Inter. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A.I. Krakow , V : 1192 – 1193 .
  • Jainudeen , M. R. 1976 . Effects of climate on reproduction among female animals in the tropics . VIIIth Int. Cong. Anim. Reprod. & A.I. Krakow , II : 29 – 38 .
  • Johnson , K. R. 1966 . Oestrus intensity in dairy cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 49 : 731 – 732 .
  • Kahrs , R. F. 1973 . Effects of bovine viral diarrhoea on the developing foetus . J. Am. vet. med Ass. , 163 : 877 – 878 .
  • Kalay , D. 1972 . Early insemination after parturition . Congr. Proc. VII Intern. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A.I., München , : 1408 – 1414 .
  • Kali , J. and Amir , S. 1970 . “ Commission on animal management and health ” . In Proc. Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod , Hungary : Gödöllo .
  • Kali , J. and Amir , S. 1968 . Liberal feeding of concentrates as a means of higher production. Part IV: Fertility in dairy cows in relation to plane of nutrition . 2nd Ann. Report of Res. USDA , : 34 – 34 .
  • Keller , K. 1920 . Demonstration einer Fleischspange vordem Muttermundeeiner Kuh . Wien. Tierärztl. Mschr. , 7 : 69 – 69 .
  • Kelly , J. W. 1974 . A modified herd reproductive status (HRS) programme for south Carolina dairy herds . Symposium paper 69th Ann. Dairy Sci. Assn. Annual Meeting, June 23–26 ,
  • Kendrick , W. J. and McEntee , K. 1967 . The effect of artificial insemination with semen contaminated with IBR-IPV virus . Cornell Vet. , 57 : 3 – 11 .
  • Kiddy , C. A. 1977 . Variation in physical activity as an indication of estrus in dairy cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 60 : 235 – 243 .
  • King , G. J. 1967 . Changes in body weight and milk composition in cows . Vet. Rec. , 81 : 458 – 460 .
  • King , G. J. 1971 . Nutrition & Fertility in dairy cows . Vet. Rec. , 89 : 320 – 324 .
  • King , G. J. , Hurnik , J. F. and Robertson , H. A. 1976 . Ovarian function and oestrus in dairy cows during early lactation . J. Anim. Sci. , 42 : 688 – 692 .
  • Kirkbride , C. A. , Bicknell , E. J. , Reed , D. E. , Robl , M. G. , Knudtson , W. U. and Wohlgemuth , K. 1973 . A diagnostic survey of bovine abortion and stillbirth in the northern plains states . J. Am. vet. med Ass. , 162 : 556 – 560 .
  • Konermann , H. , Dearr , H. C. and Frerking , H. 1969 . Fruchtbarkeit and Milchleistung nach Schwergeburten beim Rind . Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wschr. , 79 : 229 – 234 .
  • Koopman , J. J. and Wijbenga , A. 1973 . Vruchtbaarheid en melkproductie bij FH koeien in Noord-Holland . Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. , 98 : 565 – 576 .
  • Koopman , J. J. and Wijbenga , A. 1975 . Nader onderzoek naar de invloed van bedrijfsomstandigheden en de melkproductie op de vrucht-baarheid . Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. , 100 : 875 – 822 .
  • Kordts , E. 1974 . Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Fruchtbarkeit weiblicher Rinder . Prakt. Tierarzt. , : 374 – 377 .
  • Kordts , E. and Graven , K. O. 1972 . Einfluss von künstlichem Licht und Bewegung auf die Fruchtbarkeit der Kühe . Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A.l., München , 111 : 2016 – 2016 .
  • Kräusslich , H. 1974 . Der Einfluss der Rastzeit auf verschiedene Fruchtbarkeitsparameters . Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. , 87 : 276 – 278 .
  • Kräusslich , H. , Osterkorn , K. and Richter , H. 1977 . Die züchterische Auswertung von Non-Return-Werten in Besamungspopulationen . Züchtungskunde , 49 : 92 – 98 .
  • Labhsetwar , A. P. 1963 . Genetic and environmental factors affecting quiet ovulations in Holstein cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 46 : 843 – 847 .
  • Lagerlöf , N. and Boyd , H. 1953 . Ovarian hypoplasia and other abnormal conditions in the sexual organs of cattle of the Swedish Highland Breed: results of post mortem examination of over 6000 cows . Cornell Vet , 43 : 64 – 79 .
  • Lamond , D. R. 1970 . The influence of undernutrition on reproduction in the cow . Anim. Breed. Abstr. , 38 : 359 – 371 .
  • Lampo , P. , Vanschoubroek , F. and Willem , A. 1963 . De invloed van de kalvingsmaand, de melkproductie, het vet-, eiwit- en het laktosegehalte op de duur van de tussendracht-periode bij Oost-Vlaamse Stamboekvaarzen. Vlaams Diergeneesk . Tijdschr , 32 : 217 – 234 .
  • Langford , E. V. 1975 . Mycoplasma species recovered from the reproductive tracts of Western Canadian Cows . Can. J. Comp. Med. , 39 : 133 – 138 .
  • Laster , D. B. , Glimp , H. A. , Curdiff , LL. V. and Gregory , K. E. 1973 . Factors affecting dystocia and the effects of dystocia on subsequent reproduction in beef cattle . J. Anim. Sci , 36 : 695 – 705 .
  • Lauderdale , J. W. 1974 . Oestrus detection and synchronization of dairy cattle in large herds . J. Dairy Sci. , 57 : 348 – 354 .
  • Loen , A. van . 1961 . “ A contribution to the knowledge of the double cervix condition in bovine cattle ” . In Thesis , University of Utrecht .
  • Lotthammer , K. H. 1974 . Häufige Fütterungsfehler als Ursache der Herdensterilität . Prakt. Tierarzt , 55 : 38 – 53 .
  • Lotthammer , K. H. and Ahlswede , L. 1973 . Beziehungen zwischen Fütterung und Fruchtbarkeit beim weiblichen Rind I + II . Ubersichten zur Tierernährung. , I : 147 – 161 . 325–53.
  • Louca , A. and Legates , J. E. 1968 . Production losses in dairy cattle due to days open . J. Dairy Sci. , 51 : 573 – 585 .
  • Machnai , B. and Kali , J. 1971 . Early insemination after parturition in three dairy herds . Refuah Vet. , 28 : 112 – 115 .
  • Macmillan , K. L. and Watson , J. D. 1971 . Short estrous cycles in New Zealand dairy cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 54 : 1526 – 1529 .
  • Macmillan , K. L. , Fielden , E. D. and Watson , J. D. 1975 . The anoestrus syndrome in New Zealand dairy cattle . N.Z. vet. J. , 23 : 4 – 8 .
  • Macmillan , K. L. and Moller , K. 1977 . Aspects of reproduction in New Zealand dairy herds II. Calving interval, breeding and non-pregnancy rates . N.Z. vet. J. , 25 : 220 – 224 .
  • Mares , S. E. , Menge , A. C , Tyler , W. J. and Casida , L. E. 1961 . Genetic factors affecting conception rate and early pregnancy loss in Holstein cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 44 : 96 – 103 .
  • Mann , T. 1976 . Relevance of physiological and biochemical research to problems in animal fertility . Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , 193 : 1 – 15 .
  • Marion , G. B. , Norwood , J. S. and Gier , H. T. 1968 . Uterus of the cow after parturition: Factors affecting regression . Am. J. Vet. Res. , 29 : 71 – 75 .
  • McClure , T. J. 1965 . Experimental evidence for the occurrence of nutritional infertility in otherwise clinically healthy pasture-fed lactating dairy cows . Res. Vet. Sci. , 6 : 202 – 202 .
  • McKercher , D. G. 1969 . Cause and prevention of epizootic bovine abortion . J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 154 : 1192 – 1196 .
  • Menge , A. C. , Mares , S. E. , Tyler , W. J. and Casida , L. E. 1962 . Variation and association among post partum reproduction and production characteristics in Holstein-Friesian cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 45 : 233 – 244 .
  • Mercier , E. and Salisbury , G. W. 1947 . Fertility level in artificial breeding associated with season, hours of daylight and the age of cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 30 : 817 – 826 .
  • Metz , J. H. M. and Politiek , R. D. 1970 . Fertility and milk production in Dutch Friesian cattle . Neth. J. Agric. Sci. , 18 : 72 – 77 .
  • Miller , R. B. 1977 . A summary of some of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in bovine abortion . Can. vet. J. , 18 : 87 – 95 .
  • Moller , K. 1970 . Uterine involution and ovarian activity after calving . N.Z. vet. J. , 18 : 140 – 145 .
  • Monty , D. E. and Wolff , L. K. 1974 . Summer heat stress and reduced fertility in Holstein-Friesian cows in Arizona . Am. J. vet. Res. , 35 : 1495 – 1495 .
  • Morris , C. A. , Hurnik , J. F. , King , G. J. and Robertson , H. A. 1976 . A cost-benefit analysis for monitoring systems to detect oestrus in cows . Can. J. Anim. Sci. , 56 : 291 – 298 .
  • Morrow , D. A. 1966 . Analysis of herd performance and economic results of preventive dairy herd health programmes. Part I + Part II . Vet. Med. , 61 : 474 – 474 . + 577
  • Morrow , D. A. , Roberts , S. J. and McEntee , K. 1969a . A review of post-partum activity and involution of the uterus and cervix in cattle . Cornell Vet. , 59 : 134 – 154 .
  • Morrow , D. A. , Roberts , S. J. and McEntee , K. 1969b . Post-partum ovarian activity and involution of the uterus and cervix in dairy cattle. I, II and III . Cornell Vet. , 59 : 173 – 189 . 190–8, 199–210.
  • Morrow , D. A. 1970 . Diagnosis and prevention of infertility in cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 53 : 961 – 969 .
  • Munro , I. B. 1970 . Personal communication
  • Mylrea , P. J. 1962 . Clinical observation on reproduction in dairy cows . Aust. vet. J. , 38 : 253 – 258 .
  • Nelson , L. A. and Huber , D. A. 1971 . Factors influencing dystocia in hereford dams . J. Anim. Sci. , 33 : 1137 – 1137 . (abstr.)
  • Nessan , G. K. , King , G. J. , McKay , G. W. , Thomson , J. D. and Bertrand , W. 1977 . Treatment of cystic ovarian degeneration in dairy cows with gonadotrophic releasing hormone or human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone . Can. vet. J. , 18 : 33 – 37 .
  • O'Farrell , K. J. 1975 . The role of management in dairy herd fertility . Irish vet. J. , 29 : 118 – 124 .
  • Olds , D. , Colvin , L. D. , Cooper , T. and Deaton , O. W. 1966 . Sources of variance affectingdairy herd fertility and delayed returns to service . J. Dairy Sci. , 49 : 1004 – 1005 .
  • Olds , D. and Deaton , O. W. 1968 . Effect of herd size on fertility and delayed returns , Prog. Rep. Ky Agric. Exp. Stn 32
  • Olds , D. . 1969 . An objective consideration of dairy herd fertility . J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 154 : 253 – 258 .
  • Olds , D. and Cooper , T. 1970 . Effect of post-partum rest period in dairy cattle on the occurence of breeding abnormalities and on calving intervals . J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 157 : 92 – 97 .
  • Oxender , W. D. 1973 . Dairy herd management and veterinary service in Michigan . Bovine Practitioner , 8 : 46 – 47 .
  • Parker , B. N. J. and Biowey , R. W. 1976 . Investigations into the relationship of selected blood components to nutrition and fertility of the dairy cow under commercial farm conditions . Vet. Rec. , 99 : 394 – 404 .
  • Parsonson , J. M. and Snowdon , W. A. 1975 . The effect of natural and artificial breeding using bulls injected with, or semen contaminated with infectious bovine rhinotracheites virus . Aust. vet. J. , 51 : 365 – 369 .
  • Paufler , S. K. 1974 . Künstliche Besamung und Eitransplantation bei Tier und Mensch , Hannover : Verlag M. and H. Schaper .
  • Pearson de Vaccaro , L. 1973 . Some aspects of the performance of the pure bred and cross dairy cattle in the tropics. I. reproductive efficiency in females . Animal Breed. Abstr. , 41 : 571 – 591 .
  • Pelissier , C. L. 1972 . Herd breeding problems and their consequences . J. Dairy Sci. , 55 : 385 – 391 .
  • Pelissier , C. L. 1976 . Dairy cattle breeding problems and their consequences . Theriogenology , 6 : 575 – 583 .
  • Perkins , J. R. , Olds , D. and Sheath , D. M. 1954 . A study of 1000 bovine genitalia . J. Dairy Sci. , 37 : 1158 – 1163 .
  • Philipsson , J. 1976 . Studies on calving difficulty, stillbirth and associated factors in Swedish cattle breeds . Acta Agric. Scand. , 26 : 211 – 220 .
  • Pirchner , F. , Chakrabarti , S. , Erlacher , J. , Schleger , W. and Rohrbacher , H. 1971 . Heterozygotie und Fruchtbarkeit bei Rindern . Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wschr. , 78 : 111 – 114 .
  • Plasse , D. , Warnick , A. C. and Koger , M. 1970 . Reproductive behaviour of bos indicus in subtropical environment. IV. length of oestrous cycle, duration of oestrus, time of ovulation, fertilization and embryo survival in grade brahman heifers . J. Anim. Sci. , 30 : 63 – 71 .
  • Pope , G. S. , Leaver , J. D. , Majzlik , I. and Ball , P. J. H. 1976 . A.R.C. Research Review , 2 ( 2 ) : 49 – 54 .
  • Poston , H. A. , Ulberg , L. C. and Legates , J. E. 1962 . Analysis of seasonal fluctuations of reproductive performance of dairy cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 45 : 1376 – 1379 .
  • Remmen , J. W. A. 1976 . “ Een onderzoek naar mogelijkheden om perinatale sterfte bij het rund te beperken ” . In Thesis Utrecht
  • Rice , L. E. and Wiltbank , I. N. 1970 . Dystocia in beef heifers . J. Anim. Sci. , 30 : 1042 – 1042 . (Abstr.)
  • Roberts , S. J. 1971 . Veterinary obstetrics and genital diseases , Ann Arbor, Michigan : Edwards Brothers, Inc. .
  • Roine , K. 1973 . The most frequent reproductive disorders and their seasonal variation in dairy cows . Nord. vet. Med. , 25 : 242 – 247 .
  • Rook , J. A. F. and Line , C. 1961 . British J. Nutrition , 15 : 109 – 109 .
  • Rottensten , K. and Touchberry , R. W. 1957 . Observations on the degree of expression of estrus in cattle . J. Dairy Sci. , 40 : 1457 – 1465 .
  • Sambraus , H. H. 1973 . Das Sexualverhalten der domestizierten einheimischen Wiederkäuer . J. Comp. Ethology , Suppl. 12
  • Sattar , S. A. , Bohl , E. H. and Trap , A. L. I. 1961 . Abortion in cattle caused by experimental infection with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus . Cornell Vet. , 48 : 438 – 443 .
  • Schoop , G. , Krüger-Hansen , U. and Wachendorfer , G. 1965 . Zur Isolierung von Miyagawanellen aus abortierten Rinderfeten . Zentbl. Vet. Med. B , 12 : 23 – 30 .
  • Shannon , F. D. , Salisbury , G. W. and VanDemark , N. L. 1952 . The fertility of cows inseminated at various intervals after calving . J. Anim. Sci. , 11 : 355 – 360 .
  • Sittmann , K. , Rollins , W. C. and Kendrick , J. W. 1961 . A genetic analysis of the double cervix condition in cattle . J. Hered. , 52 : 26 – 26 .
  • Slama , H. , Wells , M. E. , Adams , C. D. and Morrison , R. D. 1976 . Factors affecting calving interval in dairy herds . J. Dairy Sci. , 59 : 1334 – 1339 .
  • Smith , J. W. and Legates , J. E. 1962 . Relation of days open and days dry to lactation milk and fat yields . J. Dairy Sci. , 45 : 1192 – 1198 .
  • Sonnenbrodt and Ranniger . 1950 . Die Nymphomanie in der Rindviezucht des Wladviertels (Niederdonau) eine Erbkankheit . Z. Tierzucht. Zücht. Biol. , 58 : 108 – 118 .
  • Sorensen , A. M. 1975 . Estrous detection in cattle . Southwestern Vet. , 28 : 127 – 143 .
  • Spalding , R. W. , Everett , R. W. and Foote , R. H. 1975 . Fertility in New York artificially inseminated Holstein herds in dairy herd improvement . J. Dairy Sci. , 58 : 718 – 723 .
  • Speicher , J. A. and Meadows , C. 1967 . Milk production and costs associated with length of calving intervals of Holstein cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 50 : 975 – 975 . abstr.
  • Spriggs , D. N. 1945 . Double external os in cattle . Br. Vet. J. , 101 : 138 – 143 .
  • Spriggs , D. N. 1946 . White heifer disease . Vet. Rec. , 58 : 405 – 419 .
  • Stämpfli , G. 1973 . Erfahrungen eines Tierarztes bei Untersuchungen über die Herdensterilität . Schweiz. Landw. M. , 51 : 465 – 482 .
  • Stoenner , H. G. 1968 . “ Bovine leptospiral abortion ” . In Abortion Diseases of Livestock , Edited by: Faulkner , L.C. Springfield, Illinois : Charles C. Thomas . In
  • Storz , J. 1971 . Chlamydia and Chlamydia-lnduced Diseases , 175 – 183 . Springfield, Illinois : C. C. Thomas .
  • Stott , G. H. and Williams , R. J. 1962 . Causesoflow breeding efficiency in dairy cattle associated with seasonal high temperatures . J. Dairy Sci. , 45 : 1369 – 1375 .
  • Stott , G. H. , Wiersma , F. and Woods , J. M. 1972 . Reproductive health programme for cattle subjected to high environmental temperatures . J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 161 : 1339 – 1344 .
  • Tennant , B. and Peddicord , R. G. 1968 . The influence of delayed uterine involution and endometritis on bovine fertility . Cornell. Vet. , 58 : 185 – 192 .
  • Thatcher , W. W. 1974 . Effects of season, climate and temperature on reproduction and lactation . J. Dairy Sci. , 57 : 360 – 368 .
  • Todd , J. D. , Volnec , F. J. and Paton , I. M. 1971 . Intranasal vaccination against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: Studies on early onsetof protection and use of vaccine in pregnant cows . J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 159 : 1370 – 1374 .
  • Topps , J. H. 1977 . The relationship between reproduction and under-nutrition in beef cattle . World Review of Animal Prod. , XIII ( 2 ) : 43 – 49 .
  • Touchberry , R. W. , Rottensten , K. and Andersen , H. 1959 . Association between service interval, interval first service to conception and levelof butterfat production . J. Dairy Sci. , 42 : 1157 – 1170 .
  • Trimberger , G. W. and Davis , G. K. 1943 . The relationship between time of insemination and breeding efficiency in dairy cattle . Res. Bull. Neb. Agric. Exp. Stn., No. 129 ,
  • Trimberger , G. W. 1948 . Breeding efficiency in dairy cattle from A.I. at various intervals before and after ovulation . Nebraska Univers. Agric. Exp. Station Res. Bul. , : 153 – 153 .
  • Trimberger , G. W. 1954 . Conception rates in dairy cattle from services at various intervals after parturition . J. Dairy Sci. , 37 : 1042 – 1049 .
  • Ulberg , L. C. and Burfening , P. J. 1967 . Embryo death resulting from adverse environment on spermatozoa or ova . J. Anim. Sci. , 26 : 571 – 577 .
  • Vandemark , N. L. and Salisbury , G. W. 1950 . The relation of the post-partum breeding interval to reproductive efficiency in the dairy cow . J. Dairy Sci. , 9 : 307 – 313 .
  • Venter , H. A. W. , Bonsma , J. C. and Skinner , J. D. 1973 . The influence of climate on the reproduction of cattle . Int. J. Biometeor. , 17 : 147 – 151 .
  • Vincent , C. K. 1972 . Effects of season and high environmental temperature on fertility in cattle . A review J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 161 : 1333 – 1338 .
  • Wegner , W. 1973 . Genetische Einflüsse auf die Fruchtbarkeit beim Rind . Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wschr. , 80 : 434 – 437 .
  • Wiersma , F. and Stott , G. H. 1969 . New concepts in the physiology of heat stress in cattle of interest to engineers . Tr. Anim. Soc. Agric. Engineers , 12 : 130 – 132 .
  • Weseloh , E. 1968 . “ Zusammenhänge zwischen Milchleistung; Fruchtbarkeit und Lebensdauer beim Rind, untersucht an Deutschen Schwarzbunten der Herd-buchgesellschaft Osnabrück ” . In Thesis Göttingen
  • White , M. B. and Snowdown , W. A. 1973 . The breeding records of cows inseminated with a batch of semen contaminated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus . Aust. vet. J. , 49 : 501 – 600 .
  • Whitmore , H. L. , Tyler , W. J. and Casida , L. E. 1974a . Effects of early post-partum breeding in dairy cattle . J. Anim. Sci. , 38 : 339 – 346 .
  • Whitmore , H. L. , Tyler , W. J. and Casida , L. E. 1974b . Incidence of cystic ovaries in Holstein-Friesian cows . J. Am. Vet. Med. ass. , 165 : 693 – 694 .
  • Willems , C. M. T. 1971 . Een vergelijking van de bevruchtingsresultaten met K. I. op ligboxstallen en andere stallen. I en II . Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. , 96 : 215 – 218 . and 1457–9.
  • Williams , B. M. , Shreeve , B. J. , Heebert , C. N. and Swize , P. W. 1977 . Bovine mycotic abortion: Some epidemiological aspects . Vet. Rec. , 100 : 382 – 385 .
  • Williams , G. 1960 . Observations on the fertility of newly established herds . Vet. Rec. , 72 : 197 – 200 .
  • Williamson , N. B. , Morris , R. S. , Blood , D. C. and Cannon , C. M. 1972 . A study of oestrous behaviour and oestrus detection methods in a large commerical dairy herd I. The relative efficiency of methods of oestrus detection . Vet. Rec. , 91 : 50 – 57 .
  • Williamson , N. B. , Morris , R. S. , Blood , D. C. , Cannon , C. M. and Wright , P. J. 1972 . A study of oestrous behaviour and oestrus-detection methods in a large commercial dairy herd II. Oestrus signs and behaviour patterns . Vet. Rec. , 91 : 58 – 61 .
  • Wiltbank , J. N. , Rowden , W. W. , Ingalls , J. E. and Zimmerman , D. R. 1964 . Influence of post-partum energy level on reproductive performances of hereford cows restricted in energy intake prior to calving . J. Anim. Sci. , 23 : 1049 – 1053 .
  • Winter , A. J. 1973 . Vibriosis: toward an understanding of immunity in genital infections . Cornell Vet. , 63 : 5 – 16 .
  • Wolff , L. K. and Monty , D. E. 1974 . Physiologic response to intense summer heat and its effect on the estrous cycle of non-lactating and lactating Holstein-Freisian cows in Arizona . Am. J. Vet. Res. , 35 : 187 – 192 .
  • Wolff , L. K. , Vaught , L. , Monty , D. E. and Foot , W. C. 1977 . The effect of summer heat stress on serum luteinizing hormone and progesterone values in Holstein Friesian cows in Arizona . Am. J. vet. Res. , 38 : 1027 – 1030 .
  • Wood , P. D. P. 1976 . A note on detection of oestrus in cattle bred by artificial insemination, and the measurement of embryonic mortality . Anim. Prod. , 22 : 275 – 278 .
  • Woodward and Graves . 1946 . Results of inbreeding grade Holstein/Friesian cattle . U.S. Dept. of Agric. Tech. Bull. , 927
  • Zemjanis , R. 1974 . Vaccination for reproductive efficiency in cattle . J. Am. vet. med. Ass. , 165 : 689 – 692 .
  • Zemjanis , R. , Fahning , M. L. and Schulz , R. H. 1969 . Anestrus, the practitioners dilemma . Vet. Scope , 14 : 15 – 19 .
  • Zikken , A. 1978 . “ Enkele aspecten van het puerperium bij het rund ” . In Thesis Utrecht (In preparation.)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.