Effect of an injectable microencapsulated Vitamin B12 on serum and liver Vitamin B12 concentrations in calves

References

• Clark , RG , Ellison , RD , Kirk , JA , Mortleman , L , Williamson , L and Henderson , HV . 1986 . Absence of a weight gain response to Vitamin B12 supplementation in weaned beef cattle grazing pastures of marginal cobalt content . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 29 : 443 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, , RG, , Wright , DF , Millar , KR and Rowland , JP . 1989 . Reference curves to diagnose cobalt deficiency in sheep using liver and serum Vitamin B12 levels . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 37 : 7 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, , RG, , Ellison , RS , Mortleman , L , Kirk , JA and Henderson , HV . 1999 . Absence of a weight-gain response to Vitamin B12 supplementation in weaned dairy hiefers grazing pastures of marginal cobalt content . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 47 : 125 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick , AT . 1944 . Aspiration biopsy of the liver in sheep . Australian Veterinary Journal , 20 : 298 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• Downey , NE . 1966 . Some relationships between trichostrongylid infestation and cobalt status in lambs. III. Trichostrongylus axei and ostertagia circumcincta infestation . British Veterinary Journal , 122 : 316 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , IF , Greentree , PL and Ellis , KJ . 1986 . Cobalt deficiency in cattle . Australian Veterinary Journal , 63 : 127 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace , ND . 1994 . “ Cobalt (Co) ” . In ManagingTrace Element Diseases 25 – 34 . Palmerston North : New Zealand Pastoral Agricultural Research Institute Ltd, .
   Google Scholar
• Grace , ND and Lewis , DH . 1999 . An evaluation of the efficacy of injectable microencapsulated Vitamin B12 in increasing and maintaining the serum and liver Vitamin B12 concentrations of lambs . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 47 : 3 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jago , J , Wilson , PE and Lee , BM . 1971 . Determination of sub-microgram amounts of cobalt in plant and animal tissues by extraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy . The Analyst , 96 : 349 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judson , GJ , McFarlane , JD , Riley , MJ , Milne , ML and Horne , AC . 1982 . Vitamin B12 and cobalt supplementation in beef calves . Australian Veterinary Journal , 58 : 249 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar , KR and Albyt , AT . 1984 . A comparison of Vitamin B12 levels in the liver and serum of sheep receiving treatments used to correct cobalt deficiency . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 32 : 105 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , DG , Blanchflower , WJ , Scott , JM , Weir , DG , Molloy , AM , Kennedy , S and Young , PB . 1992 . Cobalt-Vitamin B12 deficiency decreases methionine synthase activity and phospholipid methylation to sheep . Journal of Nutrition , 122 : 1384 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , DG , Young , PB , Kennedy , S , Scott , JM , Molloy , AM , Weir , DG and Price , J . 1995 . Cobalt-Vitamin B12 deficiency and the activity of methylmalomyl CoA mutase and methionine synthase in cattle . International Journal ofVitamin and Nutrition Research , 65 : 241 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPherson , A , Gray , P , Mitchell , GBB and Taylor , CN . 1987 . Ostertagia infection and neutrophil function in cobalt deficient and cobalt-supplemented cattle . British Veterinary Journal , 143 : 348 – 353 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mills , CF . 1981 . “ Cobalt deficiency and cobalt requirements of ruminants ” . In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition Edited by: Haresignon , W . 129 – 140 . London : Butterworths, .
   Google Scholar
• 1998 . Minitab Inc. Pennsylvania : State College, .
   Google Scholar
• Paterson , JE and MacPherson , A . 1990a . The influence of a low cobalt intake on the neutrophil function and severity of Ostertagia infection in cattle . British Veterinary Journal , 146 : 519 – 530 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paterson , JE and MacPherson , A . 1990b . A comparison of serum Vitamin B12 and serum methylmalonic acid as diagnostic measures of cobalt status in cattle . Veterinary Record , 126 : 329 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole , DBR , Fleming , GA and Kiely , J . 1972 . Cobalt deficiency in Ireland-Soil, plant and animals . Irish Veterinary Journal , 26 : 109 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Price , J , Barrie , SG and Ueno , S . 1991 . Unusual behaviour of a Vitamin B12 binder, Transcobalamin-1, in cattle plasma . Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , 51 : 23 A – 23 A .
   Google Scholar
• Rice , DA , McLoughin , M , Blanchflower , WJ , McMurray , CH and Goodall , EA . 1989 . Sequential changes in plasma methylmalonic acid and Vitamin B12 in sheep eating cobalt-deficient grass . Biological Trace Element Research , 22 : 153 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skerman , KD , Sutherland , AK , O'Halloran , MW , Bourke , JM and Munday , BL . 1959 . The correction of cobalt or Vitamin B12 deficiency in cattle by cobalt pellet therapy . American Journal ofVeterinary Research , 20 : 977 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , RM and Marston , HR . 1970 . Production, absorption and excretion of Vitamin B12 in sheep . British Journal of Nutrition , 24 : 857 – 877 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somers , M and Gawthorne , J.M . 1969 . The effect of dietary Cobalt intake on the PlasmaVitamin B12 concentration of sheep . Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science , 47 : 227 – 233 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar