861
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Sedation and chemical restraint of deer

&
Pages 228-236 | Accepted 21 Oct 2002, Published online: 22 Feb 2011

References

  • Aghajanian , GK and Maelen , CP Van der . 1982 . Alpha-2-adrenoceptor-mediated hyper- polarisation of locus coeruleus neurons: intracellular studies in vivo . Science , 215 : 1394 – 1396 .
  • Anonymous . 1999 . Animal Welf are Act , Wellington : New Zealand Government Printer .
  • Bacon , PJ , Jones , JG , Taylor , P , Stewart , S , Wilson-Nunn , D and Kerr , M . 1998 . Impairment of gas exchange due to alveolar oedema during xylazine sedation in sheep; absence of a free radical mediated inflammatory reaction . Research in Veterinary Science , 65 : 71 – 75 .
  • Baldessarini , RJ . 1992 . Animal Welf are Act , 383 – 435 . Singapore : MacGraw Hill .
  • Bouma , AL , Wilson , PR and Alexander , AM . 1988 . Animal Welf are Act 136 – 144 .
  • Brondke , D and Kowollik , N . 1988 . Xylazine antagonists in animals: A review of the clinical aspects . Veterinary Medical Review , 59 : 108 – 119 .
  • Buss , PE and Meltzer , DGA . 2001 . Changes in respiratory function following the intramuscular administration of etorphine to boer goats (Caprus hircus) . Journal of the South African Veterinary Association , 72 : 137 – 142 .
  • Caulkett , NA , Cribb , PH and Haigh , JC . 2000 . Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of carfentanil-xylazine and medetomidine-ketamine used for immobilization of mule deer and mule deer/white-tailed deer hybrids . Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research , 64 : 64 – 68 .
  • Celly , CS , Atwal , OS , McDonnell , WN and Black , WD . 1999 . Histopathological alterations induced in the lungs of sheep by the use of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 60 : 154 – 161 .
  • Citino , SB , Bush , M and Lance , W . 2001 . Anaesthesia of roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine . Journal of the South African Veterinary Association , 72 : 29 – 232 .
  • Correa-Sales , C , Rabin , BC and Maze , M . 1992 . A hypnotic response to dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, is mediated in the locus coeruleus in rats . Anesthesiology , 76 : 948 – 952 .
  • Castro , G De and Munderleer , P . 1959 . Anesthesie sans barbiturates: la neuroleptanalgesie . Anesthesie, Analgesie, Reanimation , 16 : 1022 – 1022 .
  • DelGiudice , GD , Krausmand , PR , Bellantoni , ES , Etchberger , RC and Seal , US . 1989 . Reversal by tolazoline hydrochloride of xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilizations in free-ranging desert mule deer . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 25 : 347 – 352 .
  • Delvaux , H , Courtois , R , Breton , L and Patenaude , R . 1999 . Relative efficiency of succinyl- choline, xylazine and carfentanil/xylazine mixtures to immobilize free-ranging Moose . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 35 : 38 – 48 .
  • Diverio , S , Goddard , PJ and Gordon , IJ . 1996 . Use of long-acting neuroleptics to reduce the stress response to management practices in red deer . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 49 : 83 – 88 .
  • Dohoo , SE , O'Connor , MK , McDonell , WN and Dohoo , IR . 1986 . A clinical comparison of oxymorphone/acepromazine and fentanyl/droperidol sedation in dogs . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association , 22 : 313 – 317 .
  • Done , SH , Lees , P , Dansie , O and Watkins , LW . 1975 . Sedation and restraint of fallow deer with diazepam . British Veterinary Journal , 131 : 545 – 548 .
  • Ebedes , H . 1993 . “ The use of long-acting tranquilizers in captive wild animals ” . In The Capture and Care Manual , Edited by: Kenzie , AA . 71 – 99 . Pretoria : Wildlife Decision Support Services, Lynwood Ridge and the South African Veterinary Foundation .
  • Ebedes , H and Burroughs , REJ . 1992 . Chemical restraint of deer btDeer Refresher Course 31 – 37 .
  • English , AW . 1984 . Chemical restraint of deer btDeer Refresher Course , 325 – 350 . Sydney : Proceedings 72, The University of Sydney Post-Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science .
  • Fernandez-Moran , J , Palomeque , J and Peinado , VI . 2000 . Medetomidine/tiletamine/ zolazepam and xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam for immobilization of fallow deer (Dama dama) . Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , 31 : 62 – 64 .
  • Fletcher , J . 1974 . Hypersensitivity of an isolated population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) to xylazine . Veterinary Record , 94 : 85 – 86 .
  • Grobler , D , Bush , M , Jessup , D and Lance , W . 2001 . Anaesthesia of gemsbok (Oryx gazella) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine . Journal of the South African Veterinary Association , 72 : 81 – 83 .
  • Guo , T , Jiang , J , Buttermann , AE and Maze , M . 1996 . Dexmedetomidine injection into the locus coeruleus produces antinociception . Anesthesiology , 84 : 873 – 881 .
  • Haigh , JC . 1977 . Fallow deer immobilisation with fentanyl and a neuroleptic . Veterinary Record , 100 : 386 – 387 .
  • Haigh , JC . 1991 . Immobilisation of wapiti with carfentanil and xylazine and opioid antagonism with diprenorphine, naloxone and naltrexone . Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , 22 : 318 – 323 .
  • Harrington , R . 1974 . Immobilon-Rompun in deer . Veterinary Record , 16 : 362 – 363 .
  • Hofmeyr , JM . 1981 . The use of haloperidol as a long-acting neuroleptic in game capture operations . Journal of the South African Veterinary Association , 52 : 273 – 282 .
  • Jalanka , HH and Roeken , BO . 1990 . The use of medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations, and atipamezole in non-domestic mammals: a review . Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , 21 : 259 – 282 .
  • Janovsky , M , Tataruch , F , Ambuehl , F and Giacometti , M . 2000 . A Zoletil®-Rompun® mixture as an alternative to the use of opioids for immobilisation of feral red deer . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 36 : 663 – 669 .
  • Janssen , PAJ . 1965 . The evolution of the butyrophenones, haloperidol and trifluperidol, from meperidine-like 4-phenylpiperidines . International Review of Neurobiology , 8 : 221 – 263 .
  • Jochle , W and Hamm , D . 1986 . Sedation and analgesia with Dormosedan (detomidine hydrochloride) in horses: dose response studies on efficacy and its duration . Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica , S82 : 69 – 84 .
  • Jones , DM . 1984 . Physical and chemical methods of capturing deer . Veterinary Record , 114 : 109 – 112 .
  • Jones , DM and Manton , VJA . 1973 . Immobilon in deer . Veterinary Record , 93 : 26 – 27 .
  • Key , EL . 1995 . The narcotic and analgesic effects of carfentanil and their reversal . Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians, No. 12, Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , : 69 – 72 .
  • Kilpatrick , HJ and Spohr , SM . 1999 . Telazol® -xylazine versus ketamine-xylazine: a field evaluation for immobilising white-tailed deer . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 27 : 566 – 570 .
  • Klide , AM , Calderwood , HW and Soma , LR . Wildlife Society Bulletin ,
  • 1995 . Effects of atipamezole and yohimbine on medetomidine- induced central nervous system depression and cardiorespiratory changes in lambs . American Journal ofVeterinary Research , 56 : 629 – 632 .
  • Kreeger , TJ , DelGiudice , GD , Seal , US and Karns , PD . 1986 . Immobilization of white-tailed deer with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and antagonism by tolazoline hydrochloride . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 22 : 407 – 412 .
  • Kreeger , TJ , Plotka , ED and Seal , US . 1987 . Immobilisation of white-tailed deer by etorphine and xylazine and its antagonism by nalmefene and yohimbine . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 23 : 619 – 624 .
  • Lees , P and Hillidge , CJ . 1976 . Immobilon: some comments on its action . Veterinary Record , 99 : 55 – 56 .
  • Lin , HC . 1996 . “ Dissociative anesthetics ” . In Lumb and Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia , Edited by: Thurmon , JC , Tranquilli , WJ and Benson , GJ . 241 – 296 . Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
  • Low , RJ . 1973 . Immobilon in deer . Veterinary Record , 93 : 86 – 87 .
  • Loza , MJ . 2001 . Sensitive issues for the deer industry . Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians, No. 18, Deer Branch New Zealand Veterinary Association , : 73 – 78 .
  • Mackintosh , CG and Cross , JP . 1989 . Xylazine study report . Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians, No. 6, Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , : 136 – 143 .
  • Mackintosh , CG and Reenen , G Van . 1984a . Comparison of yohimbine, 4-aminopyridine and doxapram antagonism of sedation in deer (Cervus elaphus) . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 32 : 181 – 184 .
  • Mackintosh , CG and Reenen , G Van . 1984b . Yohimbine injection in deer . New ZealandVeterinary Journal , 32 : 217 – 218 .
  • Maze , M and Tranquilli , W . 1991 . Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists: Defining the role in clinical anaesthesia . Anesthesiology , 74 : 581 – 605 .
  • McKelvey , WAC and Simpson , CA . 1985 . Reversal of the effects of xylazine and xylazine/ ketamine in red deer . Veterinary Record , 117 : 362 – 363 .
  • Mech , LD , Del Giudice , GD , Karns , PD and Seal , US . 1985 . Yohimbine hydrochloride as an antagonist to xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilisation of white-tailed deer . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 21 : 405 – 410 .
  • Meuleman , T , Port , JD , Stanley , TH and Willard , KF . 1984 . Immobilisation of Elk and Moose with carfentanil . Journal of Wildlife Management , 48 : 258 – 262 .
  • Millspaugh , JJ , Brundige , GC , Jenks , JA , Tyner , CL and Hustead , DR . 1995 . Immobilization of Rocky Mountain elk with Telazol® and xylazine hydrochloride, and antagonism by yohimbine hydrochloride . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 31 : 259 – 262 .
  • Moresco , A , Larsen , RS , Sleeman , JM and Gaynor , JS . 2001 . Use of naloxone to reverse carfentanil citrate-induced hypoxemia and cardiopulmonary depression in Rocky Mountain wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) . Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , 32 : 81 – 89 .
  • Murphy , MR and Hug , CC . 1982 . The enflurane sparing effect of morphine, butorphanol and nalbuphine . Anesthesiology , 57 : 489 – 492 .
  • Murray , S , Monfort , SL , Ware , L , McShea , WJ and Bush , M . 2000 . Anesthesia in female white-tailed deer using Telazol® and xylazine . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 36 : 670 – 675 .
  • Pearce , PC and Kock , RA . 1989 . Physiological effects of etorphine, acepromazine and xylazine on the black fallow deer (Dama dama) . Research in Veterinary Science , 46 : 380 – 386 .
  • Pollard , JC , Mackintosh , CG and Littlejohn , RP . 1998 . Neuroleptic treatment of red deer calves at weaning . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 46 : 111 – 113 .
  • Ramsay , MA , Stirling , I , Knutsen , LO and Broughton , E . 1985 . Use of yohimbine hydrochloride to reverse immobilization of polar bears with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 21 : 396 – 400 .
  • Read , M , Caulkett , N and McCallister , M . 2000 . Evaluation of zuclopenthixol acetate to decrease handling stress in wapiti . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 36 : 450 – 459 .
  • Read , M , Caulkett , NA , Symington , A and Shury , TK . 2001 . Treatment of hypoxemia during xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam immobilisation of wapiti . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 42 : 861 – 864 .
  • Renecker , LA and Olsen , CD . 1986 . Antagonism of xylazine hydrochloride with yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine in captive wapiti . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 22 : 91 – 96 .
  • Ruckebusch , Y and Allal , C . 1987 . Depression of reticulo-ruminal motor function through stimulation of 𝛂2-adrenoceptors . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 10 : 1 – 10 .
  • Sanders , J , Miller , DD and Patil , PN . 1975 . Alpha-adrenergic and histaminergic effects of tolazoline-like imidazoles . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 195 : 362 – 371 .
  • Schuh , FT . 1975 . Influence of ketamine on human plasma cholinesterase . British Journal of Anaesthesia , 47 : 1315 – 1319 .
  • Schwartz , DD and Clark , TP . 1998 . Affinity of detomidine, medetomidine and xylazine for alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 21 : 107 – 111 .
  • Stanley , TH , McJames , S , Kimball , J , Port , JD and Pace , NL . 1988 . Immobilization of elk with A3080 . Journal of Wildlife Management , 52 : 577 – 581 .
  • Summerhays , G . 1976 . Overdose with nalorphine hydrobromide following self-inflicted injury with Immobilon . Veterinary Record , 99 : 236 – 236 .
  • Suzuki , MN , Onuma , Y , Tanaka , M , Takahashi , J and Ohtaishi , N . 2001 . Acid-base and blood gas arterial values in free-ranging sika deer hinds immobilised with medetomidine and ketamine . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 37 : 366 – 369 .
  • Swan , GE . 1993 . “ Drugs used for the immobilization, capture and translocation of wild animals ” . In The Capture and Care Manual , Edited by: McKenzie , AA . 2 – 64 . Pretoria : Wildlife Decision Support Services, Lynwood Ridge and the South African Veterinary Foundation .
  • Toutain , PL , Zingoni , MR and Ruckebusch , Y . 1982 . Assessment of alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists on the central nervous system using reticular contraction in sheep as a model . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 223 : 215 – 218 .
  • Walt , KH Van der , Nicholls , B , Bentley , M and Tonkins , DP . 1987 . Oral premedication in children . Anaesthesia and Intensive Care , 15 : 151 – 157 .
  • Mourik , S Van , Stelmasiak , T and Murray , L . 1988 . Immobilisation of Sambar, Rusa, Samson, Red, Fallow and Chital deer with Fentaz®/Rompun® with Narcan®/ Tolazoline . Veterinary Medical Review , 59 : 167 – 170 .
  • Walker , IH and Middelberg , A . 1988 . Post-velveting deaths in stags . Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians, No. 5, Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , : 128 – 134 .
  • Walsh , VP and Wilson , PR . 2002 . Chemical analgesia for velvet antler removal in deer . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 50 : 237 – 243 .
  • White , JM and Irvine , RJ . 1999 . Mechanism of fatal opioid overdose . Addiction , 94 : 961 – 972 .
  • Wilson , PR , Biemans , J , Stafford , KJ , Veltman , CJ and Spoorenberg , J . 1996a . Xylazine and a xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone combination in farmed deer. I: Dose rate comparison . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 44 : 81 – 87 .
  • Wilson , PR , Biemans , J , Stafford , KJ , Veltman , CJ and Spoorenberg , J . 1996b . Xylazine and xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone combination in farmed deer. II: Velvet antler removal and reversal combinations . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 44 : 88 – 94 .
  • Woodbury , MR , Caulkett , NA , Baumann , D and Read , MR . 2001 . Comparison of analgesic techniques for antler removal in wapiti . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 42 : 929 – 936 .
  • Woodbury , MR , Caulkett , NA , Wilson , PR , Xu , M , Wei , H , Kontinen , VK , Kalso , E and Pertovaara , A . 2002 . Comparison of lidocaine and compression for velvet antler analgesia in wapiti . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 43 : 869 – 875 .
  • Yadav , GU , Aher , VD , Bhorkre , AP and Sarkate , LB . 2001 . Clinical and physiological effects of diazepam and detomidine anaesthesia in bovines . Indian Veterinary Journal , 78 : 306 – 308 .
  • Yamamura , T , Harada , K , Okamura , A and Kemmotsu , O . 1990 . Is the site of action of ketamine anesthesia the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor? . Anesthesiology , 72 : 704 – 710 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.