2,157
Views
87
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Animal welfare and ethical issues relevant to the humane control of vertebrate pests

, , &
Pages 1-10 | Received 09 May 2003, Published online: 22 Feb 2011

References

  • Anonymous Wildlife Act 1953 New Zealand Government Printer Wellington, , New Zealand 1953
  • Anonymous Wild Animal Control Act 1977 New Zealand Government Printer Wellington, NZ 1977
  • Anonymous Resource Management Act 1991 New Zealand Government Printer Wellington, , New Zealand 1991
  • Anonymous Biosecurity Act 1993 New Zealand Government Printer Wellington, NZ 1993
  • Anonymous Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 New Zealand Government Printer Wellington, , New Zealand 1996
  • Anonymous Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997 New Zealand Government Printer Wellington, , New Zealand 1997a
  • Anonymous Evaluation of Fully Approved or Provisionally Approved Products: Evaluation on Assessment of Humaneness of Vertebrate Control Agents (Issue No. 74) Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food York, , UK 1997b
  • Anonymous The Humane Killing of Possums Caught in Leghold Traps: Animal Welfare Advisory Committee Report 300-A7-01 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Wellington, , New Zealand 1998a
  • Anonymous Control and Euthanasia of Feral Cats: Animal Welfare Advisory Committee Report 3300-A7-01 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Wellington, , New Zealand 1998b
  • Anonymous Animal Welfare Act 1999 New Zealand Government Printer Wellington, , New Zealand 1999a
  • Anonymous Guide to the Animal Welfare Act 1999. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Policy Information Paper No. 27 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Wellington, , New Zealand 1999b
  • Anonymous International Standard ISO 10990-4. Animal (Mammal) Traps Part 4: Methods for Testing Killing-trap Systems Used on Land or Underwater International Organisation for Standardisation Geneva, , Switzerland 1999c
  • Anonymous International Standard ISO 10990-5. Animal (Mammal) Traps Part 5: Methods for Testing Restraining Traps International Organisation for Standardisation Geneva, , Switzerland 1999d
  • Anonymous ACVM-Registration Standard and Guideline for the Efficacy of Vertebrate Pesticides. ACVMS 7.9 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Wellington, , New Zealand 2000a
  • Anonymous National Animal Welfare Advisory Committee Guideline for Mammalian Restraining and Killing Traps (27 April 2000). NAWAC Document 95/00 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Wellington, , New Zealand 2000b
  • Anonymous The NZBCSD Sustainable Development Reporting Guide for New Zealand Business New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development Auckland, , New Zealand 2001a www.nzbcsd.org.nz/sdr/SDR_Guide.pdf (accessed 20 January 2004)
  • Anonymous Bovine Tuberculosis National Pest Management Strategy 2001–2013 Animal Health Board Wellington, , New Zealand 2001b
  • Anonymous Chapter 9: Humaneness for vertebrate control agents Data Requirements Handbook Pesticides Safety Directorate York, , UK 2001c www.pesticides.gov.uk/applicant/registration_guides/data_reqs_handbook/humaneness.pdf (accessed 20 January 2004, updated 23 May 2001)
  • Anonymous Register of Unwanted Organisms Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Wellington, , New Zealand 2002a http://www.maf.govt.nz/biosecurity/pests-diseases/registers-lists/unwanted-organisms/index.htm (accessed 20 January 2004)
  • Anonymous Animal Pests Department of Conservation Wellington, , New Zealand 2002b http://www.doc.govt.nz/Conservation/002~Animal-Pests/index.asp (accessed 20 January 2004)
  • Anonymous Pest Management Strategy Database Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Wellington, , New Zealand 2002c http://www1.maf.govt.nz/cgi-bin/pms/pms.pl (accessed 20 January 2004)
  • Anonymous Global Reporting Initiative 2002 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines Global Reporting Initiative Boston, , USA 2002d www.globalreporting.org/Guidelines/2002/gri_2002_guidelines. pdf (accessed 20 January 2004)
  • Banner , M , Bulfield , G , Clark , S , Gormally , L , Hignett , P , Kimball , H , Milburn , C and Moffitt , J . 1995 . “ Report of the Committee to Consider the Ethical Implications of Emerging Technologies in the Breeding of Farm Animals ” . In Ministry of Agriculture , London, , UK : Fisheries and Food (MAFF) .
  • Bateson , P . 1991 . Assessment of pain in animals . Animal Behaviour , 42 : 827 – 839 .
  • Battye , J . 1994 . Animal Behaviour , : 3 – 10 .
  • Battye , J . 1998 . “ Ethical issues and animal use in science ” . In Ethical Approaches to Animal-Based Science , Edited by: Mellor , D , Fisher , M and Sutherland , G . 11 – 18 . Wellington : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Ben-David , O . 1996 . “ RSPCA views and policies on pest animal control ” . In Humaneness and Vertebrate Pest Control: Proceedings of the Seminar held 27th March 1996 Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Report Series No. 2 , Edited by: Fisher , PM and Marks , CA . 43 – 45 . Frankston, , Australia : Victorian Institute of Animal Science .
  • Broom , DM . 1991 . Assessing welfare and suffering . Behavioural Processes , 25 : 117 – 123 .
  • Broom , DM . 1999 . “ The welfare of vertebrate pests in relation to their management ” . In Advances in Vertebrate Pest Management , Edited by: Cowan , PD and Feare , CJ . 309 – 329 . Fürth, , Germany : Filander Verlag .
  • Caughley , J , Monamy , V and Heiden , K . 1994 . Impact of the 1993 Mouse Plague Grains , Canberra, , Australia : Research and Development Corporation .
  • Colvin , BA , Hegdal , PL and Jackson , WB . 1988 . Review of non-target hazards associated with rodenticide use in the USA . Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin , 18 : 301 – 308 .
  • Cook , CJ . 1998 . Serotonergic and cholecystokinin antagonists change patterns of response in rats (Rattus norvegicus) to oral sodium monofluoroacetate . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 46 : 76 – 78 .
  • Cowan , PE . 2000 . The Brushtail Possum: Biology, Impact and Management of an Introduced Marsupial , Edited by: Montague , TL . 262 – 270 . Lincoln, , New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press .
  • Cowan , PE . 2001 . Advances in New Zealand Mammalogy 1990–2000: brushtail possum . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 15 – 29 .
  • Cowan , PE and Tyndale-Biscoe , CH . 1997 . Australian and New Zealand mammal species considered to be pests or problems . Reproductive Fertility and Development , 9 : 27 – 36 .
  • Dix , GI , Jolly , SE , Bufton , LS and Gardiner , AI . 1994 . The potential of electric shock for the humane trapping of brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula . Wildlife Research , 21 : 49 – 52 .
  • Eason , CT . 1996 . “ Vertebrate pesticides, old and new. What will influence their future development and use? Improving Conventional Control of Possums ” . In Royal Society Miscellaneous Series , Vol. 35 , 46 – 50 . Wellington, , New Zealand : Royal Society of New Zealand .
  • Eason , CT and Wickstrom , M . 2001 . Animal Behaviour , 23
  • Eason , CT , Wickstrom , MW , Milne , LM , Warburton , B and Gregory , NG . 1998 . “ Implications of animal welfare considerations for pest control research: the possum as a case study ” . In Ethical Approaches to Animal-Based Science , Edited by: Mellor , D , Fisher , M and Sutherland , G . 125 – 130 . Wellington : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Eason , CT , Warburton , B and Henderson , R . 2000 . “ Toxicants used for possum control ” . In The Brushtail Possum: Biology, Impact and Management of tan Introduced Marsupial , Edited by: Montague , TL . 154 – 163 . Lincoln : Manaaki Whenua Press .
  • Frampton , CM , Warburton , B , Henderson , R and Morgan , DR . 1999 . Optimising bait size and 1080 concentration (sodium monofluoroacetate) for the control of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) . Wildlife Research , 26 : 53 – 59 .
  • Garden , P . 1994 . “ Protecting the New Zealand environment - vertebrate pest control. A farming perspective ” . In AnimalWelfare in the Twenty-First Century: Ethical, Educational and Scientific Challenges , Edited by: Baker , RM , Mellor , DJ and Nicol , AM . 125 – 128 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Gregory , NG . 1998a . “ Rationale for controlling vertebrate pests ” . In Ethical Approaches to Animal-Based Science , Edited by: Mellor , DJ , Fisher , M and Sutherland , G . 121 – 124 . Wellington, , New Zealand : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Gregory , NG . 1998b . Animal Welfare and Meat Science , Wallingford, , UK : CABI Publishing .
  • Gregory , NG . 2000 . Consumer concerns about food . Outlook on Agriculture , 29 : 251 – 257 .
  • Gregory , NG . 2001 . Outlook on Agriculture , : 1 – 10 .
  • Gregory , NG , Milne , LM , Rhodes , AT , Wickstrom , M and Eason , CT . 1998 . Effect of potassium cyanide on behaviour and time to death in possums . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 46 : 60 – 64 .
  • Gregory , NG , Orbell , GMB and Harding , DRK . 2000 . Poisoning with 3-nitropropionic acid in possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 48 : 85 – 87 .
  • Hickling , GJ . 1994 . Animal Welfare in the Twenty-First Century : Ethical, Educational and Scientific Challenges , Edited by: Baker , RM , Mellor , DJ and Nicol , AM . 119 – 124 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Jotham , N and Phillips , RL . 1994 . Developing international trap standards - a progress report . Proceedings of the 16th Vertebrate Pest Conference , : 308 – 310 .
  • King , CM . 1981a . The effects of two types of steel traps upon captured stoats (Mustela erminea) . Journal of Zoology , 195 : 553 – 554 .
  • King , CM . 1981b . Proceedings of the Worldwide Furbearer Conference Edited by: Chapman , JA and Pursley , D . 1862 – 1874 .
  • King , CM . 1990 . Department of Conservation Technical Series No. 3 , Auckland, , NZ : Oxford University Press New Zealand .
  • King , CM . 1994 . “ Monitoring and Control of Mustelids on Conservation Lands. Part 1: Planning and Assessing an Operation ” . In Department of Conservation Technical Series No. 3 , Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • King , CM . 2001a . Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000 . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 (special issue)
  • King , CM . 2001b . Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: Introduction . Journal of the RoyalSociety of New Zealand , 31 : 1 – 5 .
  • King , CM and Edgar , RE . 1977 . Techniques for trapping and tracking stoats (Mustela erminea): a review and a new system . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 4 : 193 – 212 .
  • King , CM , O'Donnell , CFJ and Phillipson , SM . 1994 . “ Monitoring and Control of Mustelids on Conservation Lands. Part 2: Field and Workshop Guide ” . In Department of Conservation Technical Series No. 4 , Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • King , CM , Griffiths , K and Murphy , EC . 2001 . Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: Stoat and weasel . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 165 – 183 .
  • Kirkwood , JK and Hubrecht , R . 2001 . Animal consciousness, cognition and welfare . Animal Welfare , 10 ( Supplement ) : S5 – S17 .
  • Kirkwood , JK , Sainsbury , AW and Bennett , I . 1994 . The welfare of free-living wild animals: methods of assessment . Animal Welfare , 3 : 257 – 273 .
  • Lenghaus , C , Westbury , H , Collins , B , Ratnamohan , N and Morrissy , C . 1994 . “ Overview of the RHD project in Australia. In: Munro RK, Williams RT (eds) ” . In Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease: Issues in Assessment for Biological Control , 104 – 129 . Canberra, , Australia : Bureau of Resource Sciences .
  • Littin , KE and O'Connor , CE . 2002 . “ Guidelines for Assessing the Welfare Impacts of Vertebrate Poisons ” . In Landcare Research Contract Report LC0102/006, Landcare Research Lincoln, , New Zealand
  • Littin , KE , O'Connor , CE and Eason , CT . 2000 . Comparative effects of brodifacoum on rats and possums . New Zealand Plant Protection , 53 : 310 – 315 .
  • Littin , KE , O'Connor , CE , Gregory , NG , Mellor , DJ and Eason , CT . 2002 . Behaviour, coagulopathy and pathology of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) poisoned with brodifacoum . Wildlife Research , 29 : 259 – 267 .
  • Livingstone , PG . 1996 . The Royal Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series , Vol. 36 , 2 – 6 . Wellington, , New Zealand : The Royal Society of New Zealand .
  • Loague , P . 1993 . Pest control and animal welfare . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 20 : 253 – 255 .
  • Loague , P . 1994a . Animal Welfare in the Twenty-First Century: Ethical, Educational and Scientific Challenges , Edited by: Baker , RM , Mellor , DJ and Nicol , AM . 109 – 112 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Loague , P . 1994b . Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease: Issues in Assessment for Biological Control , Edited by: Munro , RK and Williams , RT . 142 – 143 . Canberra, , Australia : Bureau of Resource Sciences .
  • Marks , CA . 1996 . “ Humaneness and Vertebrate Pest Control: Proceedings of the Seminar Held 27th March 1996 ” . In Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Report Series No. 2 , Edited by: Fisher , PM and Marks , CA . 16 – 19 . Melbourne, , Australia : Agriculture Victoria .
  • Marks , CA . 1999 . “ Ethical issues in vertebrate pest control: can we balance the welfare of individuals and ecosystems? ” . In The Use of Wildlife in Research , Edited by: Mellor , DJ and Monamy , V . 79 – 89 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Marks , CA , Hackman , C , Busana , F and Gigliotti , F . 2000 . Assuring that 1080 toxicosis in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is humane: fluoroacetic acid (1080) and drug combinations . Wildlife Research , 27 : 483 – 494 .
  • Mason , GJ and Littin , KE . 2003 . The humaneness of rodent pest control . Animal Welfare , 12 : 1 – 37 .
  • McDonald , RA and Lariviere , S . 2001 . Diseases and pathogens of Mustela spp, with special reference to the biological control of introduced stoat Mustela erminea populations in New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 721 – 744 .
  • McInerney , JP . 1998 . Ethics, Welfare, Law and Market Forces: the Veterinary Interface. Proceedings of a Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) and Universities Federation of Animal Welfare (UFAW) Symposium held in November 1996 , Edited by: Michell , AR and Edwards , R . 115 – 134 . London, , UK : Universities Federation of Animal Welfare .
  • Mellor , DJ . 1997 . “ Humane end points: some perspectives from farm animal studies ” . In Animal Alternatives, Welfare and Ethics Developments in Animal and Veterinary Sciences Edited by: Zutphen , LFM van and Balls , M . Vol. 27 , 291 – 296 .
  • Mellor , DJ . 1998 . Ethical Approaches to Animal-Based Science , Edited by: Mellor , DJ , Fisher , M and Sutherland , G . 19 – 31 . Wellington : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Mellor , DJ . 1999 . Proceedings of the 16th Annual Seminar of the Society of Dairy Cattle Veterinarians of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 143 – 152 .
  • Mellor , DJ and Reid , CSW . 1994 . “ Concepts of animal well-being and predicting the impact of procedures on experimental animals ” . In Improving the Well-being of Animals in the Research Environment , Edited by: Baker , R , Jenkin , G and and Mellor , DJ . 3 – 18 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Mellor , DJ and Stafford , KJ . 2001 . Integrating practical, regulatory and ethical strategies for enhancing farm animal welfare . Australian Veterinary Journal , 79 : 762 – 768 .
  • Moller , H , Norbury , G and King , CM . 1996 . “ Ecological and behavioural constraints to effective control of ferrets (Mustela furo) ” . In Ferrets as Vectors of Tuberculosis and Threats to Conservation. The Royal Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series , Vol. 36 , 54 – 68 . Wellington, , New Zealand : The Royal Society of New Zealand .
  • Montague , TL . 2000 . The Brushtail Possum: Biology, Impact and Management of an Introduced Marsupial , Lincoln, , New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press .
  • Montague , TL and Warburton , B . 2000 . The Brushtail Possum: Biology, Impact and Management of an Introduced Marsupial , Edited by: Montague , TL . 164 – 174 . Lincoln, , New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press .
  • Morrison , R . 1996 . “ Rabbit control - does the end justify any means? ” . In Humaneness And Vertebrate Pest Control: Proceedings of the Seminar Held 27th March 1996. Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Report Series No. 2 , Edited by: Fisher , PM and Marks , CA . 46 – 49 . Frankston, , Australia : Victorian Institute of Animal Science .
  • Morriss , GA , Warburton , B and Ruscoe , WA . 2000 . Comparison of the capture efficiency of a kill-trap set for brushtail possums that excludes ground birds, and ground set leg-hold traps . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 27 : 201 – 206 .
  • Muschamp , D . 1996 . “ The control of vertebrate pests - ethical decision making ” . In Humaneness and Vertebrate Pest Control: Proceedings of the Seminar Held 27th March 1996. Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Report Series No. 2 , Edited by: Fisher , PM and Marks , CA . 6 – 8 . Frankston, , Australia : Victorian Institute of Animal Science .
  • Norbury , G . 2001 . Advances in New Zealand mammalogy: lagomorphs . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 83 – 97 .
  • Norbury , G and Heyward , R . 1996 . “ The response of ferrets to rabbit control Ferrets as Vectors of Tuberculosis and Threats to Conservation ” . In The Royal Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series 36 , 30 – 33 . Wellington, , New Zealand : The Royal Society of New Zealand .
  • Nugent , G and Fraser , KW . 1993 . Pest or valued resource: conflicts in game management . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 20 : 361 – 366 .
  • Nutman , AW , Gregory , NG and Warburton , B . 1998 . A comparison of the effectiveness of three neck-hold killing traps in occluding carotid arteries in the neck of the brushtail possum . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 46 : 177 – 181 .
  • Oogjes , G . 1996 . Humaneness and Vertebrate Pest Control: Proceedings of the Seminar Held 27th March 1996. Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Report Series No. 2 , Edited by: Fisher , PM and Marks , CA . 9 – 12 . Frankston, , Australia : Victorian Institute of Animal Science .
  • Oogjes , G . 1997 . Ethical aspects and dilemmas of fertility control of unwanted wildlife: an animal welfarist's perspective . Reproduction, Fertility and Development , 9 : 163 – 167 .
  • Oogjes , G . 1999 . The Use of Wildlife for Research , Edited by: Mellor , DJ and Monamy , V . 100 – 107 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Parkes , JP . 1993a . The ecological dynamics of pest-resource-people systems . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 20 : 223 – 230 .
  • Parkes , JP . 1993b . Feral goats: Designing solutions for a designer pest . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 17 : 71 – 83 .
  • Parkes , JP . 1995 . New Zealand Veterinary Journal ,
  • Qureshi , T , Labes , RE , Lambeth , M , Montgomery , H , Griffin , JFT and Mackintosh , CG . 2000 . Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from experimentally infected ferrets to non-infected ferrets (Mustela furo) . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 48 : 99 – 104 .
  • Rowsell , HC , Ritcey , J and Cox , F . 1979 . Assessment of humaneness of vertebrate pesticides . Proceedings of the Canadian Association for Laboratory Science 1978-1979 , : 236 – 249 .
  • Rozman , K . 1988 . Disposition of xenobiotics: species differences . Toxicological Pathology , 16 : 123 – 129 .
  • Rutherford , KMD . 2002 . Assessing pain in animals . Animal Welfare , 11 : 31 – 53 .
  • Sadleir , R . 1994 . Animal Welfare in the Twenty-first Century: Ethical, Educational, and Scientific Challenges , Edited by: Baker , RM , Mellor , DJ and Nicol , AM . 113 – 119 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching .
  • Sainsbury , AW , Bennett , PM and Kirkwood , JK . 1995 . The welfare of free-living wild animals in Europe: harm caused by human activities . Animal Welfare , 4 : 183 – 206 .
  • Short , MJ and Reynolds , JC . 2001 . Physical exclusion of non-target species in tunnel-trapping of mammalian pests . Biological Conservation , 98 : 139 – 147 .
  • Singer , P . 1997 . Neither human nor natural: ethics and feral animals . Reproduction, Fertility and Development , 9 : 157 – 162 .
  • Smith , JA and Boyd , KM . 1991 . The Use of Wildlife for Research , Oxford, , UK : Research Oxford University Press .
  • Sommerville , BA and Broom , DM . 1998 . Olfactory awareness . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 57 : 269 – 286 .
  • Spedding , C . 2000 . Animal Welfare , London, , UK : Earthscan Publications .
  • Stafford , KJ , Mellor , DJ and Gregory , NG . 2002 . Advances in animal welfare . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 50 ( Supplement ) : 17 – 21 .
  • Swan , K . 1996 . New Zealand Veterinary Journal ,
  • Thompson , HV . 1994 . “ The rabbit in Britain ” . In The European Rabbit: The History and Biology of a Successful Coloniser , Edited by: Thompson , HV and King , CM . 64 – 107 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Thompson , HV and King , CM . 1994 . The European Rabbit: The History and Biology of a Successful Coloniser , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Walker , CH . 1978 . Species differences in microsomal monooxygenase activity and their relationship to biological half lives . Drug Metabolism , 7 : 295 – 323 .
  • Warburton , B . 1982 . Evaluation of seven trap models as humane and catch-efficient possum traps . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 9 : 409 – 418 .
  • Warburton , B . 1992 . Victor foot-hold traps for catching Australian brushtail possums in New Zealand: capture efficiency and injuries . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 20 : 67 – 73 .
  • Warburton , B . 1995a . “ Setting standards for trapping wildlife ” . In Proceedings of the 10th Australian Vertebrate Pest Control Conference , 283 – 287 . Hobart, , Australia : Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries .
  • Warburton , B . 1995b . Setting priorities for possum control at a regional level . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 20 : 387 – 391 .
  • Warburton , B . 1998 . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , : 131 – 137 .
  • Warburton , B and Choquenot , D . 1999 . “ The Use of Wildlife for Research ” . In Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in , Edited by: Mellor , DJ and Monamy , V . 90 – 99 . Glen Osmond, , Australia : Research and Teaching .
  • Warburton , B and Hall , JV . 1995 . Impact momentum and clamping force thresholds for developing standards for possum kill traps . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 22 : 39 – 44 .
  • Warburton , B and O'Connor , CE . Research on vertebrate pesticides and traps: do wild animals benefit? . Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences , (in press)
  • Warburton , B and Orchard , I . 1996 . Evaluation of five kill traps for the effective capture and killing of Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 23 : 307 – 314 .
  • Warburton , B , Gregory , N and Bunce , M . 1999 . “ Stress response of Australian brushtail possums captured in foothold and cage traps. In: Proulx G (ed) ” . In Mammal Trapping , 53 – 66 . Alberta, , Canada : Alpha Wildlife Research and Management Ltd .
  • Warburton , B , Gregory , NG and Morriss , G . 2000 . Effect of jaw shape in kill-traps on time to loss of palpebral reflexes in brushtail possums . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 36 : 92 – 96 .
  • Warburton , B , Littin , KE and O'Connor , CE . Animal welfare and vertebrate pest control in New Zealand . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , in press
  • Williams , RT . 1974 . Inter-species variation in the metabolism of xenobiotics . Biochemical Society Transactions , 2 : 339 – 377 .
  • Willis , K and Ling , N . 2000 . Sensitivities of mosquitofish and black mudfish to a piscicide: could rotenone be used to control mosquitofish in New Zealand wetlands? . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 27 : 85 – 91 .
  • Wilson , PR , Mellor , DJ , Stafford , KJ and Haigh , JC . 2001 . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , : 363 – 386 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.