314
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Scientific Article

Enlargements of the distal third metacarpus and metatarsus in Thoroughbred foals at pasture from birth to 160 days of age

, , , , &
Pages 438-447 | Received 05 Aug 2005, Accepted 26 Oct 2005, Published online: 18 Feb 2011

References

  • Anonymous Nutrient Requirements of Horses , 5th Edtn National Research Council. National Academy Press Washington DC, , USA 1989
  • Asai , Y , Mizuno , Y , Yamamoto , O and Fujikawa , H . 1993 . Requirements of copper and zinc for foals in connection with the incidence of epiphysitis. [Japanese] . Animal Science and Technology , 64 : 1193 – 1200 .
  • Bramlage , LR . 1993 . Identification, examination, and treatment of physitis in the foal . Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners , 39 : 57 – 62 .
  • Brown , M P and MacCallum , FJ . 1976 . Observations on growth plates in limbs of foals . Veterinary Record , 98 : 443 – 446 .
  • Brown-Douglas , CG , Parkinson , TJ , Firth , EC and Fennessy , PF . 2005 . Bodyweights and growth rates of spring- and autumn-born Thoroughbred horses raised on pasture . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 53 : 326 – 331 .
  • Carbery , JT . 1978 . Osteodysgenesis in a foal associated with copper deficiency . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 26 : 279 – 279 .
  • Coffman , JR . 1973 . Bone and muscle defects in foals . Modern Veterinary Practice , 54 : 53 – 56 .
  • Cymbaluk , NF and Christison , GI . 1989 . Effects of dietary energy and phosphorus content on blood chemistry and development of growing horses . Journal of Animal Science , 67 : 951 – 958 .
  • Egan , DA and Murrin , M P . 1973 . Copper-responsive osteodysgenesis in a Thoroughbred foal . Irish Veterinary Journal , 27 : 61 – 62 .
  • Firth , EC . 1990 . “ Physitis ” . In Current Practice of Equine Surgery , Edited by: White , NA and Moore , JN . 534 – 536 . Philadelphia, , USA : B Lippincott Company .
  • Firth , EC and Poulos , PW . 1984 . Retained cartilage in the distal radial physis of foals . Veterinary Pathology , 21 : 10 – 17 .
  • Frankeny , RL , Johnson , PJ , Messer , NT , Keegan , KG and Corwin , LAJ . 1994 . Bilateral tibial metaphyseal stress fractures associated with physitis in a foal . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 205 : 76 – 78 .
  • Fujikawa , H , Asai , Y , Mizuno , Y and Yamamoto , O . 1993 . The survey of calcium, copper and zinc contents in the pasture grass and epiphysitis of foals on breeding farms . Bulletin of the Equine Research Institute , 30 : 1 – 4 .
  • Gee , EK , Grace , ND , Firth , EC and Fennessy , PF . 2000 . Changes in liver copper concentration of Thoroughbred foals from birth to 160 days of age and the effect of prenatal copper supplementation . Australian Veterinary Journal , 78 : 347 – 353 .
  • Gee , EK , Morel , PCH , Mogg , TD , Firth , EC , Grace , ND and Fennessy , PF . 2004 . Liver copper kinetics in Thoroughbred foals at pasture from birth to 160 days of age . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 47 : 109 – 118 .
  • Gee , EK , Firth , EC , Morel , PCH , Fennessy , PF , Grace , ND and Mogg , TD . 2005 . Articular/ epiphyseal osteochondrosis in Thoroughbred foals at 5 months of age: influences of growth of foal and prenatal copper supplementation of the dam . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 53 : 448 – 456 .
  • Grace , ND , Gee , EK , Firth , EC and Shaw , HL . 2002 . Digestible energy intake, dry matter digestibility and mineral status of grazing New Zealand Thoroughbred yearlings . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 50 : 63 – 69 .
  • Grace , ND , Rogers , CW , Firth , EC , Faram , TL and Shaw , HL . 2003 . Digestible energy intake, dry matter digestibility and effect of increased calcium intake on bone parameters of grazing Thoroughbred weanlings in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 51 : 165 – 173 .
  • Henneke , DR , Potter , GD , Kreider , JL and Yeates , BF . 1983 . Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares . Equine Veterinary Journal , 15 : 371 – 372 .
  • Hill , MA , Ruth , GR , Hilley , HD and Hansgen , DC . 1984 . Dyschondroplasias, including osteochondrosis, in boars between 25 and 169 days of age: histologic changes . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 45 : 903 – 916 .
  • Hill , MA , Kincaid , SA and Visco , DM . 1990 . Use of histochemical techniques in the characterisation of osteochondroses affecting pigs . Veterinary Record , 127 : 29 – 37 .
  • Hoffman , RM , Lawrence , LA , Kronfeld , DS , Cooper , WL , Sklan , DJ , Dascanio , JJ and Harris , PA . 1999 . Dietary carbohydrates and fat influence radiographic bone mineral content of growing foals . Journal of Animal Science , 77 : 3330 – 3338 .
  • Hunt , RJ . 1997 . “ Noninfectious musculoskeletal disorders of foals ” . In Current Therapy in Equine Medicine 4 , Edited by: Robinson , NE . 623 – 627 . Philadelphia, , USA : WB Saunders Company .
  • Hurtig , MB and Pool , RR . 1996 . “ Pathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis ” . In Joint Disease in the Horse , Edited by: McIlwraith , CW and Trotter , GW . 335 – 358 . Philadelphia, , USA : WB Saunders Company .
  • Ineson , AC , Rogers , CW , Firth , EC and Gee , EK . 2004 . A comparison of subjective and quantitative methods for detection of physitis in Thoroughbred foals . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 52 : 65 – 69 .
  • Jeffcott , LB . 1993 . Problems and pointers in equine osteochondrosis . Equine Veterinary Journal , : 1 – 3 .
  • Jeffcott , L . 1997 . Osteochondrosis in horses . In Practice , 19 : 64 – 71 .
  • Lewis , LD . 1995 . Equine Clinical Nutrition: Feeding and Care , Baltimore, , USA : Williams and Wilkins .
  • Pearce , SG , Firth , EC , Grace , ND and Fennessy , PF . 1998 . Effect of copper supplementation on the evidence of developmental orthopaedic disease in pasture-fed New Zealand Thoroughbreds . Equine Veterinary Journal , 30 : 211 – 218 .
  • Reed , WO . 1965 . Orthopedic panel: Epiphyseal closure and stapling . Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners , 11 : 273 – 293 .
  • Rejno , S and Stromberg , B . 1978 . Osteochondrosis in the horse. II. Pathology . Acta Radiologica Supplementum , 358 : 153 – 178 .
  • Rogers , CW , Gee , EK and Faram , TL . 2004 . The effect of two different weaning procedures on the growth of pasture-reared Thoroughbred foals in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 52 : 401 – 403 .
  • Rooney , JR . 1963 . Epiphyseal compression in young horses . Cornell Veterinarian , 53 : 567 – 574 .
  • Sherrod , WW . 1975 . A practitioner's experience with epiphysitis in foals . Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinician , 70 : 1443 – 1448 .
  • Smith , B P , Fisher , GL , Poulos , PW and Irwin , MR . 1975 . Abnormal bone development and lameness associated with secondary copper deficiency in young cattle . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 166 : 682 – 688 .
  • Thompson , KN , Baker , J P and Jackson , SG . 1988 . The influence of supplemental feed on growth and bone development of nursing foals . Journal of Animal Science , 66 : 1692 – 1696 .
  • Turner , S . 1987 . “ Diseases of bones and related structures ” . In Adams' Lameness in Horses , Edited by: Stashak , TS . 293 – 338 . Philadelphia, , USA : Lea & Febiger .
  • Ueda , Y , Yoshida , K and Masumitsu , H . 1983 . Clinical manifestations and radiological findings of so-called epiphysitis in foals in Hokkaido . Bulletin of the Equine Research Institute , 20 : 32 – 47 .
  • Wagner , PC and Watrous , BJ . 1990 . Equine pediatric orthopedics. 4. Physitis (epiphysitis) . Equine Practice , 12 : 11 – 14 .
  • White , SL . 1980 . Clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of osteochondrosis. . Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners , 26 : 69 – 80 .
  • White , SL , Rowland , GN and Whitlock , RH . 1984 . Radiographic, macroscopic and microscopic changes in growth plates of calves raised on hard flooring . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 45 : 633 – 639 .
  • Williams , JA , Collier , MA and Ross , MW . 1982 . Physitis in the horse . Modern Veterinary Practice , 63 : 407 – 413 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.