References
- Ah-Sing , E , Poole , TW , Ioannides , C and King , LJ . 1990 . Mechanism of the ketoconazole- cyclosporine interaction . Archives of Toxicology , 64 : 511 – 513 .
- Aronson , L . 2003 . “ Rectum and anus ” . In Textbook of Small Animal Surgery , 3rd Edtn , Edited by: Slatter , D . 682 – 706 . Philadelphia, , USA : WB Saunders .
- Batt , RM , Barnes , A , Rutgers , HC and Carter , SD . 1991 . Relative IgA deficiency and small animal intestinal bacterial overgrowth in German shepherd dogs . Research in Veterinary Science , 50 : 106 – 111 .
- Blackwood , L , German , AJ , Stell , AJ and O'Neill , T . 2004 . Multicentric lymphoma in a dog after cyclosporine therapy . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 45 : 259 – 262 .
- Budsberg , SC , Spurgeon , TL and Liggitt , HD . 1985 . Anatomic predisposition to perianal fistulae formation in the German shepherd dog . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 46 : 1468 – 1472 .
- Dahlinger , J , Gregory , C and Bea , J . 1998 . Effects of ketoconazole on cyclosporine dose in healthy dogs . Veterinary Surgery , 27 : 64 – 68 .
- Daigle , JC . 2002 . More economical use of cyclosporine through combination drug therapy . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association , 38 : 205 – 208 .
- Day , MJ . 1993 . Immunopathology of anal furunculosis in the dog . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 34 : 381 – 389 .
- Day , MJ and Penhale , WJ . 1988 . Serum immunoglobulin A concentrations in normal and diseased dogs . Research in Veterinary Science , 45 : 360 – 363 .
- Day , MJ and Penhale , WJ . 1991 . An immunohistochemical study of canine disseminated aspergillosis . Australian Veterinary Journal , 68 : 383 – 386 .
- Day , MJ and Weaver , BMQ . 1992 . Pathology of surgically resected tissue from 305 cases of anal furunculosis in the dog . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 33 : 583 – 589 .
- Day , MJ , Eger , CE , Shaw , SE and Penhale , WJ . 1985 . Immunologic study of systemic aspergillosis in German shepherd dogs . Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , 9 : 335 – 347 .
- Doust , R , Griffiths , LG and Sullivan , M . 2003 . Evaluation of once daily treatment with cyclosporine for anal furunculosis in dogs . Veterinary Record , 152 : 225 – 229 .
- Dow , SW , LeCouteur , RA , Poss , ML and Beadleston , D . 1989 . Central nervous system toxicosis associated with metronidazole treatment of dogs: Five cases (1984– 1987) . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 195 : 365 – 368 .
- Elkins , AD and Hobson , H P . 1982 . Management of perianal fistulae: a retrospective study of 23 cases . Veterinary Surgery , 11 : 110 – 114 .
- Ellison , GW . 1995 . Treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 206 : 1680 – 1682 .
- Ellison , GW , Bellah , JR , Preston , Stubbs W and Glider , J Van . 1995 . Treatment of perianal fistulas with ND:YAG laser — results in twenty cases . Veterinary Surgery , 24 : 140 – 147 .
- German , J , Hall , EJ and Day , MJ . 2000 . Relative deficiency in IgA production by duodenal explants from German shepherd dogs with small intestinal disease . Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , 76 : 25 – 43 .
- Ginel , PJ , Novales , M , Lozano , MD , Molleda , JM and Lopez , R . 1993 . Local secretory IgA in dogs with low systemic IgA levels . Veterinary Record , 132 : 321 – 323 .
- Goring , RL , Bright , RM and Stancil , ML . 1986 . Perianal fistulas in the dog. Retrospective evaluation of surgical treatment by deroofing and fulguration . Veterinary Surgery , 15 : 392 – 398 .
- Grace , RH , Harper , IA and Thompson , RG . 1982 . Anorectal sepsis: microbiology in relation to fistula-in-ano . British Journal of Surgery , 69 : 401 – 403 .
- Grandage , J . 2003 . “ Functional anatomy of the digestive system. The rectum and anus ” . In Textbook of Small Animal Surgery , 3rd Edtn , Edited by: Slatter , D . 511 – 513 . Philadelphia, , USA : WB Saunders .
- Gregory , CR , Madewell , BR , Griffey , SM and Torten , M . 1991 . Feline leukaemia virus-associated lymphosarcoma following renal transplantation in a cat. . Transplantation , 52 : 1097 – 1099 .
- Griffiths , LG , Sullivan , M and Borland , WW . 1999 . Cyclosporine as the sole treatment for anal furunculosis: preliminary results . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 40 : 569 – 572 .
- Hardie , RJ , Gregory , S P , Tomlin , J , Sturgeon , C , Lipscomb , V and Ladlow , J . 2005 . Cyclosporine treatment of anal furunculosis in 26 dogs . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 46 : 3 – 9 .
- Harkin , KR , Walshaw , R and Mullaney , T P . 1996 . Association of perianal fistula and colitis in the German shepherd dog: response to high dose prednisolone and dietary therapy . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association , 32 : 515 – 520 .
- Harvey , CE . 1972 . Perianal fistula in the dog . Veterinary Record , 91 : 25 – 33 .
- Houlton , JEF . 1980 a . Anal furunculosis: a review of seventy cases . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 21 : 575 – 584 .
- Houlton , JEF . 1980 b . Canine anal furunculosis: a modified approach . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 21 : 585 – 593 .
- House , A , Gregory , S P and Catchpole , B . 2003 . Expression of cytokine mRNA in canine anal furunculosis lesions . Veterinary Record , 153 : 354 – 358 .
- Jamieson , PM , Simpson , JW , Kirby , BM and Else , RW . 2002 . Association between anal furunculosis and colitis in the dog: preliminary observations . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 43 : 109 – 114 .
- Killingsworth , CR , Walshaw , R , Dunstan , RW and Rosser , EJ . 1988 a . Bacterial population and histologic changes in dogs with perianal fistula . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 49 : 1736 – 1741 .
- Killingsworth , CR , Walshaw , R , Reimann , KA and Rosser , EJ . 1988 b . Thyroid and immunologic status of dogs with perianal fistula . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 49 : 1742 – 1746 .
- Lane , JG and Burch , DG . 1975 . The cryosurgical treatment of canine anal furunculosis . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 16 : 387 – 392 .
- Liska , WD , Greiner , T P and Withrow , SJ . 1975 . Symposium on surgical techniques in small animal practice. Cryosurgery treatment of perianal fistulae . Veterinary Clinics of North America , 5 : 449 – 456 .
- Mathews , KA and Sukhiani , HR . 1997 . Randomised controlled trial of cyclosporine for treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 211 : 1249 – 1253 .
- Mathews , KA , Ayres , SA , Tano , CA , Riley , SM , Sukhiani , HR and Admans , C . 1997 . Cyclosporine treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 38 : 39 – 41 .
- Matushek , KJ and Rosin , E . 1991 . Perianal fistulas in dogs . Compendium of Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, European Edition , 13 : E816 – E822 .
- Milner , HR . 1999 . “ The immunobiology of dendritic cells in HLA-B27 transgenic rats ” . In PhD thesis , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University .
- Misseghers , BS , Binnington , AG and Mathews , KA . 2000 . Clinical observations of the treatment of canine perianal fistula with topical tacrolimus in 10 dogs . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 41 : 623 – 627 .
- Mouatt , JG . 2002 . Cyclosporine and ketoconazole interaction for treatment of perianal fistulas in the dog . Australian Veterinary Journal , 80 : 207 – 11 .
- O'Neill , T , Edwards , GA and Holloway , S . 2004 . Efficacy of combined cyclosporine A and ketoconazole treatment of anal furunculosis . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 45 : 238 – 243 .
- Patricelli , AJ , Hardie , RJ and McAnulty , JF . 2002 . Cyclosporine and ketoconazole for the treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 220 : 1009 – 1016 .
- Plumb , DC . 2002 . Veterinary Drug Handbook , 4th Edtn , 86 – 8 . 465 – 470 . Ames, Iowa, , USA : Iowa State University Press .
- Robins , GM and Lane , JG . 1973 . The management of anal furunculosis . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 14 : 333 – 342 .
- Robson , DC and Burton , GG . 2003 . Cyclosporine: applications in small animal dermatology. . Veterinary Dermatology , 14 : 1 – 9 .
- Rutgeerts , P . 2004 . Review article: treatment of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease . Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 20 ( Supplement 4 ) : 106 – 110 .
- Shearer , DH and Day , MJ . 1997 . Aspects of the humoral immune response to Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs with superficial pyoderma, deep pyoderma and anal furunculosis . Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , 58 : 107 – 120 .
- Shmon , C . 2003 . “ Assessment and preparation of the surgical patient and operating team ” . In Textbook of Small Animal Surgery , 3rd Edtn , Edited by: Slatter , D . 162 – 171 . Philadelphia, , USA : WB Saunders .
- Tisdall , PL , Hunt , GB , Beck , JA and Malik , R . 1999 . Management of perianal fistulae in five dogs using azathioprine and metronidazole prior to surgery . Australian Veterinary Journal , 77 : 374 – 378 .
- Duijkeren , E van . 1995 . Disease conditions of canine anal sacs . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 36 : 12 – 16 .
- Ee , RT van and Palminteri , A . 1987 . Tail amputation for treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association , 23 : 95 – 100 .
- Vasseur , PB . 1981 . Perianal fistulae in dogs: a retrospective analysis of surgical techniques . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association , 17 : 177 – 180 .
- Vasseur , PB . 1984 . Results of surgical excision of perianal fistulas in dogs . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 185 : 60 – 62 .
- Walker , MC . 2003 . “ Physiology of the digestive system. Defecation and fecal continence ” . In Textbook of Small Animal Surgery , 3rd Edtn , Edited by: Slatter , D . 527 – 527 . Philadelphia, , USA : WB Saunders .
- Welsh , E . 2001 . Management of anal furunculosis in the dog . In Practice , 23 : 208 – 19 .
- Whitbread , TJ , Batt , RM and Gartwaite , G . 1984 . Relative deficiency of serum IgA in the German shepherd dog: a breed abnormality . Research in Veterinary Science , 37 : 350 – 352 .
- Wisselink , MA , Willemse , A and Koeman , J P . 1985 . Deep pyoderma in the German shepherd dog . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association , 21 : 773 – 776 .
- Woolridge , JD , Gregory , CR and Mathews , KG . 1998 . Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of leflunamide alone, leflunamide and cyclosporine and cyclosporine at varying dosages in the treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs . Veterinary Surgery , 27 : 522 – 522 .
- DH Scarff, Anglian Referrals, Norwich, UK
- R Malik, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia