Does control of bovine viral diarrhoea infection make economic sense?

References

• Anonymous Dairy Statistics — 2005–2006 Livestock Improvement Corporation Hamilton, , NZ 2006
   Google Scholar
• Buchwalder , G . 2006 . “ In der Schweiz schlägt die Stunde der Ausrottung ” . In BVET Magazin , Edited by: Buchwalder , G , Falk , M , Geiser , F and Maret , C (eds) . 13 – 19 . Bern, , Switzerland : Bundesamt für Veterinärwesen . [The bells toll for eradication in Switzerland] In
   Google Scholar
• Carman , S , Van Dreumel , T , Ridpath , J , Hazlett , M , Alves , D , Dubovi , E , Tremblay , R , Bolin , S , Godkin , A and Anderson , N . 1998 . Severe acute bovine viral diarrhea in Ontario 1993–1995 . Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation , 10 : 27 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi , J , VanLeeuwen , JA , Weersink , A and Keefe , GP . 2002 . Direct production losses and treatment costs from bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine leukosis virus, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and Neospora caninum . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 55 : 137 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs , T . 1946 . X disease in cattle — Saskatchewan . Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine , 10 : 316 – 319 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Durham , PJK and Burgess , GW . 1977 . A limited serological survey of North Island cattle for antibody to a number of endemic viruses . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 25 : 132 – 133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durham , PJK and Forbes-Faulkner , JC . 1975 . The prevalence of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses in diagnostic sera from New Zealand cattle . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 23 : 226 – 229 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellison , R , Hermans , R , Clemance , M and Voogt , J . 2005 . BVD disasters — they do occur . VetScript , XVIII (2) : 30 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Fastier , LB and Hansen , NF . 1966 . The occurrence of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza 3 viruses in sera from New Zealand Cattle . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 14 : 27 – 32 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frino , A , Kelly , S , Comerton-Forde , C , Cusack , T and Wilson , K . 2004 . Introduction to Corporate Finance , Sydney, , Australia : Pearson Education .
   Google Scholar
• Goens , SD . 2002 . The evolution of bovine viral diarrhea: a review . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 43 : 946 – 954 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greiser-Wilke , I , Grummer , B and Moennig , V . 2003 . Bovine viral diarrhoea eradication and control programmes in Europe . Biologicals , 31 : 113 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grooms , DL . 2004 . Reproductive consequences of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus . Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice , 20 : 5 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunn , GJ , Stott , AW and Humphry , RW . 2004 . Modelling and costing BVD outbreaks in beef herds . Veterinary Journal , 167 : 143 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , BL . 2005 . Breeding dairy cows for the future in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 53 : 384 – 390 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuer , C , Zerbini , C and Healey , A . 2005 . “ Reproduction and milk production in relation to bulk tank milk BVDV status ” . In BVDV Symposium 2005 , 21 – 33 . Palmerston North, , NZ : VetLearn, Massey University .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , FI , Reichel , MP , McCoy , RJ and Tisdall , DJ . 2007 . Evaluation of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in serum and skin biopsies of cattle . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 55 : 45 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houe , H . 1999 . Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) . Veterinary Microbiology , 64 : 89 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houe , H . 2003 . Economic impact of BVDV infection in dairies . Biologicals , 31 : 137 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houe , H , Lloyd , JW and Baker , JC . 1994 . Decision-tree analysis of control strategies in Danish dairy herds with outbreaks of mucosal disease . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 21 : 133 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houe , H , Lindberg , A and Moennig , V . 2006 . Test strategies in bovine viral diarrhea virus control and eradication campaigns in Europe . Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation , 18 : 427 – 436 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolly , RD , Fastier , LB and McAllum , HJF . 1967 . Bovine virus diarrhoea (mucosal disease): case report and virus isolation . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 15 : 178 – 180 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindberg , AL . 2003 . Bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections and its control. A review . Veterinary Quarterly , 25 : 1 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg , A and Alenius , S . 1999 . Principles for eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations . Veterinary Microbiology , 64 : 197 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlejohns , IR , Horner , G Incidence and epidemiology , and control of bovine pestivirus infections in Australia and New Zealand . 1990 . Revue Scientifique et Techniques de l'Office Internationale des Épizooties . 9 , 195-205
   Google Scholar
• Martin , SW , Nagy , E , Armstrong , D and Rosendal , S . 1999 . The associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 40 : 560 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moennig , V , Eicken , K , Flebbe , U , Frey , HR , Grummer , B , Haas , L , Greiser-Wilke , I and Liess , B . 2005 . Implementation of two-step vaccination in the control of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 72 : 109 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niskanen , R , Emanuelson , U , Sundberg , J , Larsson , R and Alenius , S . 1995 . Effects of infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus on health and reproductive performance in 213 dairy herds in one county in Sweden . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 23 : 229 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obritzhauser , W , Klemens , F and Josef , K . 2005 . BVDV infection risk in the course of the voluntary BVDV eradication program in Styria/Austria . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 72 : 127 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olafson , P , MacCallum , AD and Fox , FH . 1946 . An apparently new transmissible disease of cattle . Cornell Veterinarian , 36 : 205 – 213 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pasman , EJ , Dijkhuizen , AA and Wentink , GH . 1994 . A state-transition model to simulate the economics of bovine virus diarrhoea control . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 20 : 269 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel , JR , Shilleto , RW , Williams , J and Alexander , DC . 2002 . Prevention of transplacental infection of bovine foetus by bovine viral diarrhoea virus through vaccination . Archives of Virology , 147 : 2453 – 2463 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez , MJ , Wilks , CR and Rice , M . 1994 . Antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea in beef cattle . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 42 : 73 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez , MJ , Wilks , CR , Vermunt , JJ and West , DM . 1995 . Observations on BVD virus in New Zealand beef herds . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 43 : 85 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard , G , Borland , ED , Wood , L and Pritchard , DG . 1989 . Severe disease in a dairy herd associated with acute infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus, Leptospira hardjo and Coxiella burnetii . Veterinary Record , 124 : 625 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , HE , Windsor , PA , Kirkland , PD and Ellis , JT . 2004 . An outbreak of abortion in a dairy herd associated with Neospora caninum and bovine pestivirus infection . Australian Veterinary Journal , 82 : 99 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichel , MP and Ellis , JT . 2006 . If control of Neospora caninum infection is technically feasible does it make economic sense? . Veterinary Parasitology , 142 : 23 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , AJ . 1971 . Serological evidence of bovine virus diarrhoea in cattle and sheep in the South Island of New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 19 : 223 – 224 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossmanith , W , Janacek , R and Wilhelm , E . 2005 . Control of BVDV infection on common grassland — The key for successful BVDV eradication in Lower Austria . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 72 : 133 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santarossa , JM , Stott , AW , Humphry , RW and Gunn , GJ . 2005 . Optimal risk management versus willingness to pay for BVDV control options . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 72 : 183 – 187 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweizer , M , Matzener , P , Pfaffen , G , Stalder , H and Peterhans , E . 2006 . “Self” and “nonself” manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells . Journal of Virology , 80 : 6926 – 6935 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , RD and Slenning , BD . 2000 . Decision analysis: dealing with uncertainty in diagnostic testing . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 45 : 139 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stott , AW , Lloyd , J , Humphry , RW and Gunn , GJ . 2003 . A linear programming approach to estimate the economic impact of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) at the wholefarm level in Scotland . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 59 : 51 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thobokwe , G and Heuer , C . 2004 . Incidence of abortion and association with putative causes in dairy herds in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 52 : 90 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thobokwe , G , Heuer , C and Hayes , DP . 2004 . Validation of a bulk tank milk antibody ELISA to detect dairy herds likely infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 52 : 394 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle , PS , Skjerve , E , Martin , SW , Larssen , RB , Osteras , O and Nyberg , O . 2005 . Ten years of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) control in Norway: a cost-benefit analysis . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 72 : 189 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Oirschot , JT , Bruschke , CJ and van Rijn , PA . 1999 . Vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea . Veterinary Microbiology , 64 : 169 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viet , AF , Fourichon , C and Seegers , H . 2006 . Simulation study to assess the efficiency of a test-and-cull scheme to control the spread of the bovine viral-diarrhoea virus in a dairy herd . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 76 : 151 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voges , H , Young , S and Nash , M . 2006 . Direct adverse effects of persistent BVDv infection in dairy heifers — a retrospective case control study . VetScript , XIX (8) : 22 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Waage , S . 2000 . Influence of new infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus on udder health in Norwegian dairy cows . Preventive Veterinary Medicine , 43 : 123 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wentink , GH and Dijkhuizen , AA . 1990 . Economische gevolgen van een infectie met het Bovine Virus Diarree virus (BVD-virus) op 14 melkveebedrijven . Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde , 115 : 1031 – 1040 . [Economic consequences of an infection with the bovine diarrhea virus (BVD virus) in 14 dairy farms]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , Z and Burton , L . 2003 . Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in New Zealand , Hamilton, , NZ : Livestock Improvement Corporation .
   Google Scholar