Carbendazim, at concentrations used on pasture for facial eczema control, reduces development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis when sprayed onto infected sheep faeces

References

• Alvarez , OA , Jager , T , Redondo , EM and Kammenga , JE . 2006 . Physiological modes of action of toxic chemicals in the nematode Acrobeloides nanus . Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 25 : 3230 – 3237 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anonymous Estimated Cost of Facial Eczema to Sheep Production New Zealand Meat and Wool Board's Economic Service Wellington, , NZ 1990 Paper No. T124.
   Google Scholar
• Burrows , LA and Edwards , CA . 2002 . The use of integrated soil microcosms to predict effects of pesticides on soil ecosystems . European Journal of Soil Biology , 38 : 245 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles , GC , Jackson , F , Pomroy , WE , Prichard , RK , Samson-Himmelstjerna , G , Silvestere , A , Taylor , MA and Vercruysse , J . 2006 . The detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance . Veterinary Parasitology , 136 : 167 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keogh , RG and Whitehead , PH . 1975 . Observations on some effects of pasture spraying with benomyl and carbendazim on earthworm activity and litter removal from pasture . New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 3 : 103 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Kohler , P . 2001 . The biochemical basis of anthelmintic action and resistance . International Journal for Parasitology , 31 : 336 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence , KE , Leathwick , DM , Rhodes , AP , Jackson , R , Heuer , C , Pomroy , WE , West , DM , Waghorn , TS and Moffat , JR . 2007 . Management of gastrointestinal nematode parasites on sheep farms in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 55 : 228 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leathwick , DM , Miller , CM , Atkinson , DS , Haack , NA , Alexander , RA , Oliver , A-M , Waghorn , TS , Potter , JF and Sutherland , IA . 2006 . Drenching adult ewes: Implications of anthelmintic treatments pre- and post-lambing on the development of anthelmintic resistance . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 54 : 297 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leathwick , DM , Miller , CM , Atkinson , DS , Haack , NA , Waghorn , TS and Oliver , A-M . 2008 . Managing anthelmintic resistance: Untreated adult ewes as a source of unselected parasites, and their role in reducing parasite populations . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 56 : 184 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leathwick , DM , Hosking , BC , Bisset , SA and McKay , CH . 2009 . Managing anthelmintic resistance: Is it feasible in New Zealand to delay the emergence of resistance to a new anthelmintic class? . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 57 : 181 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le , Jambre LF . 1976 . Egg hatch as an in vitro assay of thiabendazole resistance in nematodes . Veterinary Parasitology , 2 : 385 – 391 .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , CA , Towers , NR , Wheeler , M and Wesselink , C . 1995 . Selection for and against facial eczema susceptibility in Romney sheep, as monitored by serum concentrations of a liver enzyme . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 38 : 211 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , CA , Towers , NR , Hohenboken , WD , Maqbool , N , Smith , BL and Phua , SH . 2004 . Inheritance of resistance to facial eczema: a review of research findings from sheep and cattle in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 52 : 205 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parle , JN and Di , Menna ME . 1972 . Fungicides and the control of Pithomyces chartarum II. Field trials . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 15 : 54 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , GJ , Gill , JH and Lacey , E . 1992 . Binding of [3H]benzimidazole carbamates to mammalian brain tubulin and the mechanism of selective toxicity of the benzimidazole anthelmintics . Biochemical Pharmacology , 43 : 1095 – 1100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheie , E , Smith , BL , Cox , N and Flåøyen , A . 2003 . Spectrofluorometric analysis of phylloerythrin (phytoporphyrin) in plasma and tissues from sheep suffering from facial eczema . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 51 : 104 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , I . 2002 . “ Facial eczema in red deer and New Zealand Wapiti ” . In Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians, No. 19, Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 113 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , BL and Towers , NR . 2002 . Mycotoxicoses of grazing animals in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 50 (Supplement) : 28 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , BL , Embling , PP , Towers , NR , Wright , DE and Payne , E . 1977 . The protective effect of zinc sulphate in experimental sporidesmin poisoning of sheep . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 25 : 124 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , MA , Hunt , KR and Goodyear , KL . 2002 . Anthelmintic resistance detection methods . Veterinary Parasitology , 103 : 183 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlassoff , A . 1982 . “ Biology and population dynamics of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep ” . In Control of Internal Parasites of Sheep — An Animal Industries Workshop , Edited by: Ross , AD . 11 – 20 . Lincoln, , NZ : Lincoln College . In
   Google Scholar
• Vlassoff , A , Leathwick , DM and Heath , ACG . 2001 . The epidemiology of nematode infections of sheep . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 49 : 213 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waghorn , TS , Leathwick , DM , Rhodes , AP , Lawrence , KE , Jackson , R , Pomroy , WE , West , DM and Moffat , JR . 2006 a . Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep farms in New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 54 : 271 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waghorn , TS , Leathwick , DM , Rhodes , AP , Jackson , R , Pomroy , WE , West , DM and Moffat , JR . 2006 b . Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on 62 beef cattle farms in the North Island of New Zealand . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 54 : 278 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , GT . 1967 . Effect of temperature and cultural methods on development of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus colubriformis . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 28 : 1085 – 1090 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar