The prevalence of ocular lesions associated with hypertension in a population of geriatric cats in Auckland, New Zealand

References

• Acierno MJ, Seaton D, Mitchell MA, Cunha Ad. Agreeement between directly measured blood pressure and pressures obtained with three veterinary-specific oscillometric units in cats. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 237, 402–6, 2010 doi: 10.2460/javma.237.4.402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn Y, Yoon HJ. Can pulse pressure predict white coat effect in treated hypertensive patients? . Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57, E560, 2011 doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(11)60560-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson DH, Stern WH, Fisher SK. Retinal detachment in the cat: the pigment-epithelial pigment interface. Investigative Ophthalmology and Investigative Science 24, 906–26, 1983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Anonymous. IRIS Staging of CKD. http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS2009_Staging_CKD.pdf. (accessed 25 June 2013) 2009
   Google Scholar
• Belew AM, Bartlett T, Brown SA. Evaluation of the white-coat effect in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 13, 134–42, 1999 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1999.tb01141.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binns SH, Sisson DD, Buoscio DA, Schaeffer DJ. Doppler ultrasonographic, oscillometric sphygmomanometric, and photoplethysmographic techniques for noninvasive blood pressure measurement in anesthetized cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 9, 405–14, 1995 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1995.tb03301.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown SA. Evaluation of chronic renal disease: a staged approach. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian 21, 752–63, 1999
   Google Scholar
• Brown S, Atkins C, Bagley R, Carr L, Cowgill L, Davidson M, Egner B, Elliot J, Henik R, Labato M, et al. ACVIM Consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 21, 542–58, 2007 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03005.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carretero OA, Oparil S. Essential hypertension. Part I: definition and etiology. Circulation 101, 329–35, 2000 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chetboul V, Lefebvre HP, Pinhas C, Clerc B, Boussouf M, Pouchelon J-L. Spontaneous feline hypertension: clinical and echocardiographic abnormalities and survival rate. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 17, 89–95, 2003 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb01328.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chetboul V, Tissier R, Gouni V, Almeida Vd, Lefebvre HP, Concordet D, Jamet N, Sampedrano CC, Serres F, Pouchelon J-L. Comparison of Doppler ultrasonography and high-definition oscillometry for blood pressure measurements in healthy awake dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 71, 766–72, 2010 doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.7.766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crispin SM, Mould JRB. Systemic hypertensive disease and the feline fundus. Veterinary Ophthalmology 4, 131–40, 2001 doi: 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2001.00190.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot PJ, Barber HM, Rawlings JM, Markwell PJ. Feline hypertension: clinical findings and response to antihypertensive treatment in 30 cases. Journal of Small Animal Practice 42, 122–9, 2001 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02008.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Elliot J, Fletcher M, Syme HM. Idiopathic feline hypertension: epidemiological study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 17, 754 (abstract), 2003
   Google Scholar
• Franklin SS, Khan SA, Wong ND, Larson MG, Levy D. Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart disease? : The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 100, 354–60, 1999 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.100.4.354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelatt KN, Woerdt Avd, Ketring KL, Andrew SE, Brooks DE, Biros DJ, Denis HM, Cutler TJ. Enrofloxacin-associated retinal degeneration in cats. Veterinary Ophthalmology 4, 99–106, 2001 doi: 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2001.00182.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George JW. The usefulness and limitations of hand-held refractometers in veterinary laboratory medicine:an historical and technical review. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 30, 201–10, 2001 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2001.tb00432.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliano EA. Feline retinal degeneration: clinical experience and new findings (1994–-1997). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 35, 511–4, 1999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberman CE, Morgan JD, Kang CW, Brown SA. Evaluation of doppler ultrasonic and oscillometric methods of indirect blood pressure measurement in cats. The International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine 2, 279–89, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Hammond S, Wells JR, Marcus DM, Prisant LM. Ophthalmoscopic findings in malignant hypertension. Journal of Clinical Hypertension 8, 221–3, 2006 doi: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2005.04147.x
   Google Scholar
• Henik RA. Diagnosis and treatment of feline hypertension. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian 19, 163–79, 1997
   Google Scholar
• Henik RA, Snyder PS, Volk LM. Treatment of systemic hypertension in cats with amlodipine besylate. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 33, 226–34, 1997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen J, Henik RA, Brownfield M, Armstrong J. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin I and aldosterone concentrations in cats with hypertension associated with chronic renal disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, 535–40, 1997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jepson RE, Elliot J, Brodbelt D, Syme HM. Effect of control of systolic blood pressure on survival in cats with systemic hypertension. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 21, 402–9, 2007 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02982.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jepson RE, Brodbelt D, Vallance C, Syme HM, Elliott J. Evaluation of predictors of the development of azotemia in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 23, 806–13, 2009 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0339.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi DL, Peterson ME, Graves TK, Lesser M, Nichols CE. Hypertension in cats with chronic renal failure or hyperthyroidism. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 4, 58–62, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstantopoulou AS, Konstantopoulou PS, Papargyriou IK, Liatis ST, Stergiou GS, Papadogiannis DE. Masked, white coat and sustained hypertension: comparison of target organ damage and psychometric parameters. Journal of Human Hypertension 24, 151–7, 2010 doi: 10.1038/jhh.2009.55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Croix NC. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease in cats. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice 20, 121–8, 2005 doi: 10.1053/j.ctsap.2004.12.017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Littman MP. Spontaneous systemic hypertension in 24 cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 8, 79–86, 1994 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03202.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggio F, DeFrancesco TC, Atkins CE, Pizzirani S, Gilger BC, Davidson MG. Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in cats: 69 cases (1985-1998). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 217, 695–702, 2000 doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menotti-Raymond M, David VA, Plueger S, Roelke ME, Kehler J, O'Brien SJ, Narfstrom K. Widespread retinal degerative disease mutation (rdAc) discovered among a large number of popular cat breeds. The Veterinary Journal 186, 32–8, 2010 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishina M, Watanabe T, Fujii K, Maeda H, Wakao Y, Takahashi M. Non-invasive blood pressure measurements in cats: clinical significance of hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 60, 805–8, 1998 doi: 10.1292/jvms.60.805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell AZ, McMahon C, Beck TW, Sarazan RD. Sensitivity of two noninvasive blood pressure measurement techniques compared to telemetry in cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 62, 54–63, 2010 doi: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panton RW, Goldberg MF, Farber MD. Retinal arterial marcoaneurysms: risk factors and natural history. British Journal of Ophthalmology 74, 595–600, 1990 doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.10.595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen KM, Butler MA, Ersbøll AK, Pedersen HD. Evaluation of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor for use in anesthetized cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221, 646–50, 2002 doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman RJ. Pressure diuresis mechanism in the control of renal function and arterial pressure. Federation Proceedings 45, 2878–84, 1986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sansom J, Barnett KC, Dunn KA, Smith KC, Dennis R. Ocular disease associated with hypertension in 16 cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice 35, 604–11, 1994 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1994.tb03835.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansom J, Rogers K, Wood JLN. Blood pressure assessment in healthy cats and cats with hypertensive retinopathy. American Journal of Veterinary Research 65, 245–52, 2004 doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmelting B, Niehoff M, Egner B, Korte SH, Weinbauer GF. High definition oscillometry: a novel technique for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Journal of Medical Primatology 38, 293–301, 2009 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00344.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder PS. Amlodipine: a randomised, blinded clinical trial in 9 cats with systemic hypertension. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 12, 157–62, 1998 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02111.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiles J, Polzin DJ, Bistner S. The prevalence of retinopathy in cats with systemic hypertension and chronic renal failure or hyperthyroidism. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 30, 564–72, 1994
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syme HM, Barber PJ, Markwell PJ, Elliot J. Prevalence of systolic hypertension in cats with chronic renal failure at initial evaluation. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 220, 1799–804, 2002 doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syme HM, Markwell PJ, Pfeiffer D, Elliot J. Survival of cats with naturally occurring chronic renal failure is related to peverity of Proteinuria. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 20, 528–35, 2006 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02892.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar