Characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from animals in New Zealand, 2012–2013, and subclinical colonisation in dogs and cats in Auckland

References

• Abraham JL, Morris DO, Griffeth GC, Shofer FS, Rankin SC. Surveillance of healthy cats and cats with inflammatory skin disease for colonization of the skin by methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive Staphylococci and Staphylococcus schleiferi ssp. schleiferi. Veterinary Dermatology 18, 252–9, 2007 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00604.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Anonymous. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard–fourth edition. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Baptiste KE, Williams K, Willams NJ, Wattret A, Clegg PD, Dawson S, Corkill JE, O’Neill T, Hart CA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci in companion animals. Emerging infectious diseases 11, 1942–4, 2005 doi: 10.3201/eid1112.050241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis JA, Jackson CR, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Barrett JB, Brousse JH, Gustafson J, Kucher M. Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci by healthy companion animals in the US. Letters in Applied Microbiology 59, 1–8, 2014 doi: 10.1111/lam.12254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devriese L, Damme L, Fameree L. Methicillin (cloxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis cases. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 19, 598–605, 1972 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1972.tb00439.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faires MC, Tater KC, Weese JS. An investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets in the same household with an infected person or infected pet. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 235, 540–3, 2009 doi: 10.2460/javma.235.5.540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang H, Hedin G. Use of cefoxitin-based selective broth for improved detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 44, 592–4, 2006 doi: 10.1128/JCM.44.2.592-594.2006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feingold BJ, Silbergeld EK, Curriero FC, van Cleef BA, Heck ME, Kluytmans JA. Livestock density as risk factor for livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18, 1841–9, 2012 doi: 10.3201/eid1811.111850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiebelkorn KR, Crawford SA, McElmeel ML, Jorgensen JH. Practical disk diffusion method for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, 4740–4, 2003 doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4740-4744.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbacz K, Zarnowska S, Piechowicz L, Haras K. Staphylococci isolated from carriage sites and infected sites of dogs as a reservoir of multidrug resistance and methicillin resistance. Current Microbiology 66, 169–73, 2013 doi: 10.1007/s00284-012-0254-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gortel K, Campbell KL, Kakoma I, Whittem T, Schaeffer DJ, Weisiger RM. Methicillin resistance among Staphylococci isolated from dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60, 1526–30, 1999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinberg A, Kingsbury D, Gibson I, Kirby B, Mack H, Morrison D. Clinically overt infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals in New Zealand: a pilot study. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 56, 237–42, 2008 doi: 10.1080/00480169.2008.36840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmsen D, Claus H, Witte W, Rothganger J, Claus H, Turnwald D, Vogel U. Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, 5442–8, 2003 doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison EM, Weinert LA, Holden MT, Welch JJ, Wilson K, Morgan FJ, Harris SR, Loeffler A, Boag AK, et al. A shared population of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 15 circulates in humans and companion animals. MBio 5, e00985–13, 2014 doi: 10.1128/mBio.00985-13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann FA, Trostle SS, Klohnen AA. Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a postoperative wound infection in a horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211, 590–2, 1997
   Google Scholar
• *Heffernan H, Bakker S, Dyet K, Williamson D. Annual Survey of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). https://surv.esr.cri.nz/PDF_surveillance/Antimicrobial/MRSA/MRSA_2014.pdf (accessed 18 July 2016) Institute of Environmental Science & Research Limited, Porirua, New Zealand, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Inouye M, Dashnow H, Raven LA, Schultz MB, Pope BJ, Tomita T, Zobel J, Holt KE. SRST2: rapid genomic surveillance for public health and hospital microbiology labs. Genome Medicine 6, 90, 2014 doi: 10.1186/s13073-014-0090-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito T, Katayama Y, Hiramatsu K. Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the entire mec DNA of pre-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, 1449–58, 1999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito T, Katayama Y, Asada K, Mori N, Tsutsumimoto K, Tiensasitorn C, Hiramatsu K. Structural comparison of three types of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec integrated in the chromosome in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, 1323–36, 2001 doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.5.1323-1336.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Kinnevey P, Shore A, Rossney A, Coleman D. Molecular characterization of sporadically-occurring nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ireland http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/eccmid20/abstract.asp?id=84810 (accessed 2 August 2016). 20th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vienna, Abstract number P1712, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Kluytmans J, Van Belkum A, Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 10, 505–20, 1997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loncaric I, Kunzel F, Licka T, Simhofer H, Spergser J, Rosengarten R. Identification and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Austrian companion animals and horses. Veterinary Microbiology 168, 381–7, 2014 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monecke S, Slickers P, Ehricht R. Assignment of Staphylococcus aureus isolates to clonal complexes based on microarray analysis and pattern recognition. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbioliogy 53, 237–51, 2008 doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00426.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monecke S, Coombs G, Shore AC, Coleman DC, Akpaka P, Borg M, Chow H, Ip M, Jatzwauk L, Jonas D, et al. A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PloS One 6, e17936, 2011 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble WC, Virani Z, Cree RG. Co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 93, 195–8, 1992 doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05089.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H. Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, 2155–61, 2002 doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.7.2155-2161.2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry HE, Henderson RA. Comparison of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rate in the general population with the health-worker population. New Zealand Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 62, 4–6, 2008
   Google Scholar
• Safdar N, Narans L, Gordon B, Maki DG. Comparison of culture screening methods for detection of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a prospective study comparing 32 methods. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, 3163–6, 2003 doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3163-3166.2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Sergeant ESG. Epitools epidemiological calculators. http://epitools.ausvet.com.au (accessed 18 July 2016). AusVet Animal Health Services and Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Orange, Australia, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt VM, Williams NJ, Pinchbeck G, Corless CE, Shaw S, McEwan N, Dawson S, Nuttall T. Antimicrobial resistance and characterisation of Staphylococci isolated from healthy Labrador retrievers in the United Kingdom. BMC Veterinary Research 10, 17, 2014 doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte B, Bierbaum G, Pohl K, Goerke C, Wolz C. Diversification of clonal complex 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (Rhine-Hesse clone) within Germany. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 51, 212–6, 2013 doi: 10.1128/JCM.01967-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomlin J, Pead MJ, Lloyd DH, Howell S, Hartmann F, Jackson HA, Muir P. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in 11 dogs. Veterinary Record 144, 60–4, 1999 doi: 10.1136/vr.144.3.60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther B, Hermes J, Cuny C, Wieler LH, Vincze S, Abou Elnaga Y, Stamm I, Kopp PA, Kohn B, Witte WJ, et al. Sharing more than friendship--nasal colonization with coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CPS) and co-habitation aspects of dogs and their owners. PloS one 7, e35197, 2012 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035197
   Google Scholar
• Weese JS, Archambault M, Willey B, Dick H, Hearn P, Kreiswirth B, Said-Salim B, McGeer A, Likhoshvay Y, Prescott J. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel, 2000–2002. Emerging Infectious Diseases 11, 430–5, 2005 doi: 10.3201/eid1103.040481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson DA, Roberts SA, Ritchie SR, Coombs GW, Fraser JD, Heffernan H. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in New Zealand: rapid emergence of sequence type 5 (ST5)-SCCmec-IV as the dominant community-associated MRSA clone. PloS One 8, e62020, 2013 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar