Publication Cover
Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 33, 2003 - Issue 5
123
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Phase II in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole metabolites in porcine liver

&
Pages 485-498 | Published online: 22 Sep 2008

References

  • BABOL, J. and SQUIRES, E. J., 1995, Quality of meat from entire male pigs. Food Research International, 28, 201–212.
  • BABOL, J., SQUIRES, E. J. and LUNDSTRDM, K., 1998, Relationship between oxidation and conjugation metabolism of skatole in pig liver and concentrations of skatole in fat. Journal of Animal Science, 76, 829–838.
  • BIEK, C., HANSEN-MOLLER, J., FRI'S, C., CORNETT, C. and HANSEN, S. H., 1997, Identification of selected metabolites of skatole in plasma and urine from pigs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45, 2332–2340.
  • BEK, C. E., HANSEN-MOLLER, J., FRI'S, C. and HANSEN, S. H., 1995, Identification and quantification of selected metabolites of skatole — possibilities for metabolic profiling of pigs. Proceedings of a Meeting of the EAAP Working Group: Production and Utilisation of Meat from Entire Male Pigs, 27–29 September 1995, Milton Keynes, UK (Milton Keynes: INRA and MLC).
  • BONNEAU, M., WALSTRA, P., CLAUDI-MAGNUSSEN, C., KEMPSTER, A. J., TORNBERG, E., FISHER, K., DIESTRE, A., SIRET, F., CHEVILLON, P., CLAUS, R., DIJKSTERHUIS, G. B., PUNTER, P., MATTHEWS, K. R., AGERHEM, H., BPAGUE, M. P., OLIVER, M. A., GISPERT, M., WEILER, U., VON SETH, G., LEASK, H., FONT I FURNOLS, M., HOMER, D. B. and CooK, G. L., 2000, An international study on the importance of androstenone and skatole for boar taint: IV. Simulation studies on consumer dissatisfaction with entire male pork and the effect of sorting out carcasses on the slaughter line, main conclusions and recommendations. Meat Science, 54, 285–295.
  • CLARKE, D. J. and BURCHELL, B., 1994, The uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase multigene family: function and regulation. In F. C. Kauffman (ed.), Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 112: Conjugation—Deconjugation Reactions in Drug Metabolism and Toxicity (Berlin: Springer), pp. 3–43.
  • DI GIROLAMO, A., O'NEILL, W. M. and WAINER, I. W., 1998, A validated method for the determination of paracetamol and its glucuronide and sulphate metabolites in the urine of HIV+ /AIDS patients using wavelength-switching UV detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 17, 1191–1197.
  • DIAZ, G. J., SKORDOS, K. W. YOST, G. S. and SQUIRES, E. J., 1999, Identification of Phase I metabolites of 3-methylindole produced by pig liver microsomes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 27, 1150–1156.
  • DIAZ, G. J. and SQUIRES, E. J., 2000a, Metabolism of 3-methylindole by porcine liver microsomes: responsible cytochrome P450 enzymes. Toxicological Sciences, 55, 284–292.
  • DIAZ, G. J. and SQUIRES, E. J., 2000b, Role of aldehyde oxidase in the hepatic in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole in pigs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 833–837.
  • FORDTRAN, J. S., SCROGGIE, W. B. and POLTER, D. E., 1964, Colonic absorption of tryptophan metabolites in man. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 64, 125–132.
  • HABIG, W. H., PABST, M. J. and JAKOBY, W. B., 1974, Glutathione S-transferases: The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249, 7130–7139.
  • HAMAR-HANSEN, C., FOURNEL, S MAGDALOU, J., BOUTIN, J. A. and S IEST, G., 1986, Liquid chromatographic assay for the measurement of glucuronidation of arylcarboxylic acids using diphospho4U-14C] glucuronic acid. Journal of Chromatography, 383, 51–60.
  • HAMMOND, A. C., CARLSON, J. R. and WILLETT, J. D., 1979, The metabolism and disposition of 3-methylindole in goats. Life Sciences, 25, 1301–1306.
  • HERNÁNDEZ S. J., POWERS, S. P. and WEINSHILBOUM, R. M., 1991, Human liver arylamine N-sulphotransferase activity. Thermostable phenol sulphotransferase catalysed the N-sulphation of 2-naphthylamine. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 19, 1071–1079.
  • JENSEN, M. T., Cox, R. P. and JENSEN, B. B., 1995, Microbial production of skatole in the hind gut of pigs given different diets and its relation to skatole deposition in backfat. Animal Science, 61, 293–304.
  • KETTERER, B., 1986, Detoxication reactions of glutathione and glutathione transferases. Xenobiotica, 16, 957–973.
  • KOSTER, H., HALSEMA, I., SCHOLTENS, E., MEERMAN, J. H. N., PANG, K. S. and MULDER, G. J., 1982, Selective inhibition of sulphate conjugation in the rat. Pharmacokinetics and characterization of the inhibitory effect of 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol. Biochemical Pharmacology, 31, 1919–1924.
  • LUNDSTRDM, K. and BONNEAU, M., 1996, Off-flavour of meat with particular emphasis on boar taint. In S. Taylor, A. Raimundo, M. Severini and F. J. M. Smulders (eds), Meat Quality and Meat Packaging (Utrecht: ECCEAMST), pp. 137–154.
  • MAHON, M. E. and MATTOK, G. L., 1967, The differential determination of conjugated hydroxyskatoles in human urine. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, 45, 1317–1322.
  • MEERMAN, J. H. N., STERENBORG, H. M. J. and MULDER, G. J., 1983, Use of pentachlorophenol as long-term inhibitor of sulphation of phenols and hydroxamic acids in the rat in vivo. Biochemical Pharmacology, 32, 1587–1593.
  • MORTENSEN, A. B. and SORENSEN, S. E., 1984, Relationship between boar taint and skatole determined with a new analysis method. In Proceedings of the 30th European Meeting of Meat Research Workers, Bristol, UK, 9–14 September 1984, pp. 394–396.
  • NAGATA, K. and YAMAZOE, Y., 2000, Pharmacogenetics of sulfotransferase. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 40, 159–176.
  • NAKAO, A. and BALL, M., 1960, The appearance of a skatole derivative in the urine of schizophrenics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 130, 417–419.
  • NOCERINI, M. R., YOST, G. S ., CARLSON, J. R., LIBERATO, D. J. and BREEZE, R. G., 1985, Structure of the glutathione adduct of activated 3-methylindole indicates that an imine methide is the electrophilic intermediate. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 13, 690–694.
  • PARKINSON, A., 2001, Biotransformation of xenobiotics. In C. D. Klaassen and C. D. (eds), Casarett and Doull's toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 6th edn (New York: McGraw-Hill), pp. 133-224. REIN, G., GLOVER, V. and SANDLER, M., 1982, Multiple forms of phenolsulphotransferase in human tissues. Selective inhibition by dichloronitrophenol. Biochemical Pharmacology, 31, 1893-1897. SALINAS, A. E. and WONG, M. G., 1999, Glutathione S-transferases — a review. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 6, 279–310.
  • SAS, 1995, SAS System for Windows. Release 6.11 (Cary: SAS Institute).
  • SMITH, D. J., APPLETON, M. L., CARLSON, J. R. and YOST, G. S., 1996, Identification of (-glucuronidase-resistant diastereomeric glucuronides of 3-hydroxy-3-methyloxindole formed during 3-methylindole metabolism in goats. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 24, 119–125.
  • SMITH, P. K., KROHN, R. I., HERMANSON, G. T., MALL IA, A. K., GARTNER, F. H., PROVENZANO, M. D., FUJIMOTO, E. K., GOEKE, N. M., OLSON, B. J. and KLENK, D. C., 1985, Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Analytical Biochemistry, 150, 76–85.
  • SQUIRES, E. J. and LUNDSTROM, K., 1997, Relationship between cytochrome P45011E1 in liver and levels of skatole and its metabolites in intact male pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 75, 2506-2511. WATKINS, J. B. and KLAASSEN, C. D., 1986, Xenobiotic biotransformation in livestock: Comparison to other species commonly used in toxicity testing. Journal of Animal Science, 63, 933-942.WEINSHILBOUM, R., 1990, Sulphotransferase pharmacogenetics. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 45, 93–107.
  • WEINSHILBOUM, R. and OTTORNESS, D., 1994, Sulphotransferase enzymes. In F. C. Kauffman (ed.), Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 112: Conjugation—Deconjugation Reactions in Drug Metabolism and Toxicity (Berlin: Springer), pp. 45–78.
  • YOKOYAMA, M. T. and CARLSON, J. R., 1979, Microbial metabolites of tryptophan in the intestinal tract with special reference to skatole. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32, 173–178.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.