Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) family of nucleoside and nucleobase transporter proteins

References

• Abdulla P, Coe IR. Characterization and functional analysis of the promoter for the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter gene, hENT1. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 2007; 26: 99–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramson J, Smirnova I, Kasho V, Verner G, Kaback HR, Iwata S. Structure and mechanism of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli. Science 2003; 301: 610–615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acimovic Y, Coe IR. Molecular evolution of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family: identification of novel family members in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2002; 19: 2199–2210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ackley MA, Governo RJ, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA, King A. Control of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the rat spinal dorsal horn by the nucleoside transporter ENT1. Journal of Physiology 2003; 548: 507–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoshechkin I, Sternberg PW. The versatile worm: genetic and genomic resources for Caenorhabditis elegans research. Nature Review in Genetics 2007; 8: 518–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleford PJ, Griffiths M, Yao SYM, Chomey EG, MacGregor D, Isaac RE, Coates D, Hope IA, Cass CE, Young JD, et al. Functional redundancy of two nucleoside transporters of the ENT family (CeENT1, CeENT2) required for development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular Membrane Biology 2004; 21: 247–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arastu-Kapur S, Arendt CS, Purnat T, Carter NS, Ullman B. Second-site suppression of a non-functional mutation within the Leishmania donovani inosine-guanosine transporter. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005; 280: 2213–2219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arastu-Kapur S, Ford E, Ullman B, Carter NS. Functional analysis of an inosine-guanosine transporter from Leishmania donovani, the role of conserved residues, aspartate 389 and arginine 393. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278: 33327–33333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt CS, Ri K, Yates PA, Ullman B. Genetic selection for a highly functional cysteine-less membrane protein using site saturation mutagenesis. Analytical Biochemistry 2007; 365: 185–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SYM, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD. The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 2004; 447: 735–743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin SA, Mackey JR, Cass CE, Young JD. Nucleoside transporters: molecular biology and implications for therapeutic development. Molecular Medicine Today 1999; 5: 216–224
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baldwin SA, McConkey GA, Cass CE, Young JD. Nucleoside transport as a potential target for chemotherapy in malaria. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2007; 13: 569–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin SA, Yao SYM, Hyde RJ, Ng AML, Foppolo S, Barnes K, Ritzel MWL, Cass CE, Young JD. Functional characterization of novel human and mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT3 and mENT3) located in intracellular membranes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005; 280: 15880–15887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes K, Dobrzynski H, Foppolo S, Beal PR, Ismat F, Scullion ER, Sun L, Tellez J, Ritzel MWL, Claycomb WC, et al. Distribution and functional characterization of equilibrative nucleoside transporter-4, a novel cardiac adenosine transporter activated at acidic pH. Circulation Research 2006; 99: 510–519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett M, Fairlamb AH. The biochemical basis of arsenical-diamidine crossresistance in African trypanosomes. Parasitology Today 1999; 15: 136–140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barros LF, Yudilevich DL, Jarvis SM, Beaumont N, Young JD, Baldwin SA. Immunolocalisation of nucleoside transporters in human placental trophoblast and endothelial cells: evidence for multiple transporter isoforms. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 1995; 429: 394–399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter G. Role of adenosine in delayed preconditioning of myocardium. Cardiovascular Research 2002; 55: 483–494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry ZA. Nucleoside transporters in the heart. PhD Thesis, University of Leeds, Leeds, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Bone DB, Robillard KR, Stolk M, Hammond JR. Differential regulation of mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (mENT1) splice variants by protein kinase CK2. Molecular Membrane Biology 2007; 24: 294–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter NS, Fairlamb AH. Arsenical-resistant trypanosomes lack an unusual adenosine transporter. Nature 1993; 361: 173–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter NS, Mamoun BC, Liu W, Silva EO, Landfear SM, Goldberg DE, Ullman B. Isolation and functional characterization of the PfNT1 nucleoside transporter gene from Plasmodium falciparum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000; 275: 10683–10691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cass CE. Nucleoside transport. Drug transport in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy, NH Georgopapadakou. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY 1995; 403–451
   Google Scholar
• Cass CE, Belt JA, Harley E, Odegard R, Paterson ARP. Transport of adenosine and binding of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) during the HeLa cell cycle. Proceedings of the Canadian Federation of Biological Societies 1985; 28: 126
   Google Scholar
• Cass CE, Belt JA, Paterson. Adenosine transport in cultured cells. Cardiac electrophysiology and pharmacology of adenosine and ATP: basic and clinical aspects. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1987; 230: 13–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen J, Rinaldo L, Lim SJ, Young H, Messing RO, Choi DS. The type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter regulates anxiety-like behaviour in mice. Genes, Brain, and Behavior 2007; 6: 776–783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang C-W, Carter N, Sullivan WJ, Jr, Donald RGK, Roos DS, Naguib FNM, el Kouni MH, Ullman B, Wilson CM. The adenosine transporter of Toxoplasma gondii, identification by insertional mutagenesis, cloning, and recombinant expression. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999; 274: 35255–35261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi DS, Csacini MG, Mailliard W, Young H, Paredes P, McMahon T, Diamond I, Bonci A, Messing RO. The type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter regulates ethanol intoxication and preference. Nature Neuroscience 2004; 7: 855–861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke ML, Damaraju VL, Zhang J, Mowles D, Tackaberry T, Lang T, Smith KM, Young JD, Tomkinson B, Cass CE. The role of human nucleoside transporters in cellular uptake of 4′-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and beta-D-arabinosylcytosine. Molecular Pharmacology 2006; 70: 303–310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke ML, Mackey JR, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. The role of membrane transporters in cellular resistance to anticancer nucleoside drugs. Clinically relevant resistance in cancer chemotherapy, B Andersson, D Murray. Kluwer, Boston, MA 2002; 27–47
   Google Scholar
• Coe I, Zhang Y, McKenzie T, Naydenova Z. PKC regulation of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1. FEBS Letters 2002; 517: 201–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford CR, Patel DH, Naeve C, Belt JA. Cloning of the human equilibrative, nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR)-insensitive nucleoside transporter ei by functional expression in a transport-deficient cell line. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998; 273: 5288–5293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damaraju VL, Elwi AN, Hunter C, Carpenter P, Santos C, Barron GM, Sun X, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Mackey JR, et al. Localization of broadly selective equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transporters, hENT1 and hCNT3, in human kidney. American Journal of Physiology, Renal Physiology 2007; 293: F200–F211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Koning HP, Bridges DJ, Burchmore RJ. Purine and pyrimidine transport in pathogenic protozoa: from biology to therapy. FEMS Microbiology Review 2005; 29: 987–1020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis DM, Raatikainen P, Martens JR, Belardinelli L. Modulation of atrioventricular nodal function by metabolic and allosteric regulators of endogenous adenosine in guinea-pig heart. Circulation 1996; 94: 2551–2559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downie MJ, Saliba KJ, Bröer S, Howitt SM, Kirk K. Purine nucleobase transport in the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite. International Journal for Parasitology 2008; 38: 203–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downie MJ, Saliba KJ, Howitt SM, Broer S, Kirk K. Transport of nucleosides across the Plasmodium falciparum parasite plasma membrane has characteristics of PfENT1. Molecular Microbiology 2006; 60: 738–748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Bissati K, Zufferey R, Witola WH, Carter NS, Ullman B, Mamoun C. The plasma membrane permease PfNT1 is essential for purine salvage in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 2006; 193: 9286–9291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eltzschig HK, Abdulla P, Hoffman E, Hamilton KE, Daniels D, Schönfeld C, Löffler M, Reyes G, Duszenko M, Karhausen J, et al. HIF-1-dependent repression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) in hypoxia. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2005; 202: 1493–1505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwi AN, Damaraju VL, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Sawyer MB, Cass CE. Renal nucleoside transporters: physiological and clinical implications. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 2006; 84: 844–858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endres CJ, SenGupta DJ, Unadkat JD. Mutation of leucine-92 selectively reduces the apparent affinity of inosine, guanosine, NBMPR [S6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-mercaptopurine riboside] and dilazep for the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1. Biochemical Journal 2004; 380: 131–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endres CJ, Unadkat JD. Residues Met89 and Ser160 in the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 affect its affinity for adenosine, guanosine, S6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-mercaptopurine riboside, and dipyridamole. Molecular Pharmacology 2005; 67: 837–844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel K, Wang J. Interaction of organic cations with a newly identified plasma membrane monoamine transporter. Molecular Pharmacology 2005; 68: 1397–1407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel K, Zhou M, Wang J. Identification and characterization of a novel monoamine transporter in the human brain. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004; 279: 50042–50049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galmarini CM, Mackey JR, Dumontet C. Nucleoside analogues and nucleobases in cancer treatment. Lancet Oncology 2002; 3: 415–424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galmarini CM, Thomas X, Calvo F, Rousselot P, El Jafaari A, Cros E, Dumontet C. Potential mechanisms of resistance to cytarabine in AML patients. Leukemia Research 2002; 26: 621–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gati WP, Dagnino L, Paterson ARP. Enantiomeric selectivity of adenosine transport systems in mouse erythrocytes and L1210 cells. Biochemical Journal 1989; 263: 957–960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gati WP, Paterson ARP, Belch AR, Chlumecky V, Larratt LM, Mant MJ, Turner AR. Es nucleoside transporter content of acute leukaemia cells: role in cell sensitivity to cytarabine (araC). Leukemia and Lymphoma 1998; 32: 45–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gati WP, Paterson ARP, Larratt LM, Turner AR, Belch AR. Sensitivity of acute leukaemia cells to cytarabine is a correlate of cellular es nucleoside transporter content measured by flow cytometry with SAENTA-fluorescein. Blood 1997; 90: 346–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannetti E, Del Tacca M, Mey V, Funel N, Nannizzi S, Ricci S, Orlandini C, Boggi U, Campani D, Del Chiaro M, et al. Transcription analysis of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 predicts survival in pancreas cancer patients treated with gemcitabine. Cancer Research 2006; 66: 3928–3935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gourdeau H, Bibeau L, Ouellet F, Custeau D, Bernier L, Bowlin T. Comparative study of a novel nucleoside analogue (Troxatyl, troxacitabine, BCH-4556) and AraC against leukemic human tumor xenografts expressing high or low cytidine deaminase activity. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 2001; 47: 236–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govindaraja NR, Bakken AH, Hudkins KL, Lai Y, Casado FJ, Pastor-Anglada M, Tse CM, Hayashi J, Unadkat JD. In situ hybridization and immunolocalization of concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporters in the human intestine, liver, kidneys and placenta. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2007; 293: R1809–R1822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith DA, Jarvis SM. Nucleoside and nucleobase transport systems of mammalian cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1996; 1286: 153–181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths M, Beaumont N, Yao SYM, Sundaram M, Boumah CE, Davies A, Kwong FYP, Coe I, Cass CE, Young JD, et al. Cloning of a human nucleoside transporter implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and chemotherapeutic drugs. Nature Medicine 1997a; 3: 89–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths M, Yao SYM, Abidi F, Phillips SEV, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA. Molecular Cloning and characterization of a nitrobenzylthioinosine-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter from human placenta. Biochemical Journal 1997b; 328: 739–743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton SR, Yao SYM, Ingram JC, Hadden DA, Ritzel MWL, Gallagher MP, Henderson PJF, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA. Subcellular distribution and membrane topology of the mammalian concentrative Na+-nucleoside cotransporter rCNT1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001; 276: 27981–27988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handa M, Choi DS, Caldeiro RM, Messing RO, Gordon AS, Diamond I. Cloning of a novel isoform of the mouse NBMPR-sensitive equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) lacking a putative phosphorylation site. Gene 2001; 262: 301–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak J. Yeast nutrient transporters. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1997; 1331: 41–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M, Wang Y, Cogut SB, Mitchell BS, Graves LM. Inhibition of nucleoside transport by protein kinase inhibitors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2003; 304: 753–760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M, Wang Y, Collins M, Gu JJ, Mitchell BS, Graves LM. Inhibition of nucleoside transport by p38 MAPK inhibitors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277: 28364–28367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Leimeux MJ, Song J, Auer M, Wang DN. Structure and mechanism of the glycerol-3-phosphate transporter from Escherichia coli. Science 2003; 301: 616–620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyde RJ, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA. The ENT family of eukaryote nucleoside and nucleobase transporters: recent advances in the investigation of structure–function relationships and the identification of novel isoforms. Molecular Membrane Biology 2001; 18: 53–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis SM, Young JD. Photoaffinity labelling of the nucleoside transporter. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1987; 32: 339–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings LL, Hao CH, Cabrita MA, Vickers MF, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Distinct regional distribution of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins 1 and 2 (hENT1 and hENT2) in the central nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2001; 40: 722–731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keil GJ, DeLander GE. Time-dependent antinociceptive interactions between opioids and nucleoside transport inhibitors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1995; 274: 1387–1392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SR, Saito Y, Maekawa K, Sugiyama E, Kaniwa N, Ueno H, Okusaka T, Morizane C, Yamamoto N, Ikeda M, et al. Thirty novel genetic variations in the SLC29A1 gene encoding human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1). Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 2006; 21: 248–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King AE, Ackey MA, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA. Nucleoside transporters: from scavengers to novel therapeutic agents. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2006a; 27: 416–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King KM, Damaraju VL, Vickers MF, Yao SY, Lang T, Tackaberry TE, Mowles DA, Ng AM, Young JD, Cass CE. A comparison of the transportability, and its role in cytotoxicity, of clofarabine, cladribine, and fludarabine by recombinant human nucleoside transporters produced in three model expression systems. Molecular Pharmacology 2006b; 69: 346–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiss A, Farah K, Kim J, Garriock RJ, Drysdale TA, Hammond JR. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of inhibitor-sensitive (mENT1) and inhibitor-resistant (mENT2) equilibrative nucleoside transporters from mouse brain. Biochemical Journal 2000; 352: 363–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai YR, Bakken AH, Unadkat JD. Simultaneous expression of hCNT1-CFP and hENT1-YFP in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells — localization and vectorial transport studies. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277: 37711–37717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai YR, Tse CM, Unadkat JD. Mitochondrial expression of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) results in enhanced mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004; 279: 4490–4497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EW, Lai YR, Zhang H, Unadkat JD. Identification of the mitochondrial targeting signal of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1): implications for interspecies differences in mitochondrial toxicity of fialuridine. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006; 281: 16700–16706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Boitz JM, Galazka J, Arendt CS, Carter NS, Ullman B. Functional characterization of nucleoside transporter gene replacements in Leishmania donovani. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 2006; 150: 300–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackey JR, Jennings LL, Clarke ML, Santos CL, Dabbagh L, Vsianska M, Koski SL, Coupland RW, Baldwin SA, Young JD, et al. Immunohistochemical variation of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 protein in primary breast cancers. Clinical Cancer Research 2002; 8: 110–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackey JR, Yao SYM, Smith KM, Karpinski E, Baldwin SA, Cass CE, Young JD. Gemcitabine transport in Xenopus oocytes expressing recombinant plasma membrane mammalian nucleoside transporters. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1999; 91: 1876–1881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangravite LM, Xiao G, Giacomini KM. Localization of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters, hENT1 and hENT2. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology 2003; 284: F902–F910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mani RS, Hammond JR, Marjan JM, Graham KA, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Cass CE. Demonstration of equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT1 and hENT2) in nuclear envelopes of cultures human choriocarconoma (BeWo) cells by functional reconstitution in proteoliposomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998; 273: 30818–30825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin BJ, Lasley RD, Mentzer RM. Infarct size reduction with the nucleoside transport inhibitor R-75231 in swine. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 1997; 41: H1857–H1865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew A, Grdisa M, Johnstone RM. Nucleosides and glutamine are primary energy substrates for embryonic and adult chicken red cells. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 1993; 71: 288–295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matile P. Vacuoles as lysosomes of plant cells. Biochemical Journal 1969; 111: 26P–27P
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matovu E, Steward ML, Geiser F, Brun R, Mäser P, Wallace LJM, Burchmore RJ, Enyaru JCK, Barrett MP, Kaminsky R, et al. Mechanisms of arsenical and diamidine uptake and resistance in Trypanosoma brucei. Eukaryotic Cell 2003; 2: 1003–1008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meckling-Gill KA, Guilbert L, Cass CE. CSF-1 stimulates nucleoside transport in S1 macrophages. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1993; 155: 530–538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meester BJ, Shankley NP, Welsh NJ, Meijler FL, Black JW. Pharmacological analysis of the activity of the adenosine uptake inhibitor, dipyridamole, on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the guinea-pig. British Journal of Pharmacology 1998; 124: 729–741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mubagwa K, Flameng W. Adenosine, adenosine receptors and myocardial protection: An updated overview. Cardiovascular Research 2001; 52: 25–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray AW. The biological significance of purine salvage. Annual Review of Biochemistry 1971; 40: 811–826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musa H, Dobrzynski H, Berry Z, Abidi F, Cass CE, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Boyett MR. Immunocytochemical demonstration of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter rENT1 in rat sinoatrial node. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 2002; 50: 305–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano Y, Tanno S, Koizumi K, Nishikawa T, Nakamura K, Minoguchi M, Izawa T, Mizukami Y, Okumura T, Kohgo Y. Gemcitabine chemoresistance and molecular markers associated with gemcitabine transport and metabolism in human pancreatic cancer cells. British Journal of Cancer 2007; 96: 457–463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oguri T, Achiwa H, Muramatsu H, Ozasa H, Sato S, Shimizu S, Yamazaki H, Eimoto T, Ueda R. The absence of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 expression predicts nonresponse to gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Letters 2007; 256: 112–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olah ME, Stiles GL. The role of receptor structure in determining adenosine receptor activity. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2000; 85: 55–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz D, Sanchez MA, Pierce S, Herrmann T, Kimblin N, Bouwer HGA, Landfear SM. Molecular genetic analysis of purine nucleobase transport in Leishmania major. Molecular Microbiology 2007; 64: 1228–1243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osato DH, Huang CC, Kawamoto M, Johns SJ, Stryke D, Wang J, Ferrin TE, Herskowitz I, Giuacomini KM. Functional characterization in yeast of genetic variants in the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1. Pharmacogenetics 2003; 13: 297–301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owen RP, Lagpacan LL, Taylor TR, De La Cruz M, Huang CC, Kawamoto M, Johns SJ, Stryke D, Ferrin TE, Giacomini KM. Functional characterization and haplotype analysis of polymorphisms in the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, ENT2. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2006; 34: 12–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papageorgiou I, De Koning HP, Soteriadou K, Diallinas G. Kinetic and mutational analysis of the Trypanosoma brucei NBT1 nucleobase transporter expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals structural similarities between ENT and MFS transporters. International Journal of Parasitology(Epub ahead of print) 2007
   Google Scholar
• Parker MD, Hyde RJ, Yao SYM, McRobert L, Cass CE, Young JD, McConkey GA, Baldwin SA. Identification of a nucleoside/nucleobase transporter from Plasmodium falciparum, a novel target for antimalarial chemotherapy. Biochemical Journal 2000; 349: 67–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisoni RL, Thoene JG. Detection and characterization of a nucleoside transport system in human fibroblast lysosomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989; 264: 4850–4856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon A, Sawynok J. Antinociception by adenosine analogs and inhibitors of adenosine metabolism in an inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia model in the rat. Pain 1998; 74: 235–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pressacco J, Wiley JS, Jamieson GP, Erlichman C, Hedley DW. Modulation of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter by inhibitors of DNA-synthesis. British Journal of Cancer 1995; 72: 939–942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahn JJ, Kieller DM, Tyrrell DL, Gati WP. Modulation of the metabolism of beta-L-(–)-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine by thymidine, fludarabine and nitrobenzylthioinosine. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1997; 41: 918–923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiman T, Clarke ML, Dabbagh L, Vsianska M, Coupland RW, Belch AR, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE, Mackey JR. Differential expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) protein in the Reed–Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2002; 43: 1435–1440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritzel MWL, Ng AML, Yao SYM, Graham K, Loewen SK, Smith KM, Ritzel RG, Mowles DA, Carpenter P, Chen XZ, et al. Molecular identification and characterization of novel human and mouse concentrative Na+-nucleoside cotransporter proteins (hCNT3 and mCNT3) broadly selective for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (System cib). Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001; 276: 2914–2927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez MA, Tryon R, Green J, Boor I, Landfear SM. Six related nucleoside/nucleobase transporters from Trypanosoma brucei exhibit distinct biochemical functions. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277: 21499–21504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandoval IV, Martinez-Arca S, Valdueza J, Palacios S, Holman GD. Distinct reading of different structural determinants modulates the dileucine-mediated transport steps of the lysosomal membrane protein LIMPII and the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000; 275: 39874–39885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawynok J. Adenosine receptor activation and nociception. European Journal of Pharmacology 1998; 347: 1–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SenGupta DJ, Lum PY, Lai YR, Shubochkina E, Bakken AH, Schneider G, Unadkat JD. A single glycine mutation in the equilibrative nucleoside transporter gene, hENT1, alters nucleoside transport activity and sensitivity to nitrobenzylthioinosine. Biochemistry 2002; 41: 1512–1519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SenGupta DJ, Unadkat JD. Glycine 154 of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1, is important for nucleoside transport and for conferring sensitivity to the inhibitors nitrobenzylthioinosine, dipyridamole, and dilazep. Biochemical Pharmacology 2004; 67: 453–458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shryock JC, Belardinelli L. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in the cardiovascular system: biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology. American Journal of Cardiology 1997; 79(12A)2–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spratlin J, Sangha R, Glubrecht D, Dabbagh L, Young JD, Dumontet C, Cass C, Lai R, Mackey JR. The absence of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 is associated with reduced survival in patients with gemcitabine-treated pancreas adenocarcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2004; 10: 6956–6961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram M, Yao SYM, Ingram JC, Berry ZA, Abidi F, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD. Topology of a human equilibrative, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter (hENT1) implicated in the cellular uptake of adenosine and anti-cancer drugs. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001a; 276: 45270–45275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram M, Yao SYM, Ng AML, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD. Equilibrative nucleoside transporters: mapping regions of interaction for the substrate analogue nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) using rat chimeric proteins. Biochemistry 2001b; 40: 8146–8151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram M, Yao SYM, Ng AML, Griffiths M, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD. Chimeric constructs between human and rat equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT1 and rENT1) reveal hENT1 structural domains interacting with coronary vasoactive drugs. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998; 273: 21519–21525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szkotak AJ, Ng AML, Man SF, Baldwin SA, Cass CE, Young JD, Duszyk M. Coupling of CFTR-mediated anion secretion to nucleoside transporters and adenosine homeostasis in Calu-3 cells. Journal of Membrane Biology 2003; 192: 169–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szkotak AJ, Ng AML, Sawicka J, Baldwin SA, Man SF, Cass CE, Young JD, Duszyk M. Regulation of K+ current in human airway epithelial cells by exogenous and autocrine adenosine. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 2001; 281: C1991–C2002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tattersall MHN, Slowiaczek P, De Fazio A. Regional variation in human extracellular purine levels. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1983; 102: 411–420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teodorescu O, Galor T, Pillardy J, Elber R. Enriching the sequence substitution matrix by structural information. Proteins 2004; 54: 41–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdés R, Liu W, Ullman B, Landfear SM. Comprehensive examination of charged intramembrane residues in a nucleoside transporter. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006; 281: 22647–22655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdés R, Vasudevan G, Conklin D, Landfear SM. Transmembrane domain 5 of the LdNT1. 1 nucleoside transporter is an amphipathic helix that forms part of the nucleoside translocation pathway. Biochemistry 2004; 43: 6793–6802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers MF, Kumar R, Visser F, Zhang J, Charania J, Raborn RT, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Comparison of the interaction of uridine, cytidine, and other pyrimidine nucleoside analogues with recombinant human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (hENT2) produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 2002; 80: 639–644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers MF, Mani RS, Sundaram M, Hogue DL, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Cass CE. Functional production and reconstitution of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae — interaction of inhibitors of nucleoside transport with recombinant hENT1 and a glycosylation-defective derivative (hENT1/N48Q). Biochemical Journal 1999; 339: 21–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers MF, Yao SYM, Young JD, Baldwin SA, Cass CE. Nucleoside transporter proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Demonstration of a transporter (FUI1) with high uridine selectivity in plasma membranes and a transporter (FUN26) with broad nucleoside selectivity in intracellular membranes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000; 275: 25931–25938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers MF, Zhang J, Visser F, Tackaberry T, Robins MJ, Nielsen LP, Nowak I, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Uridine recognition motifs of human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 2004; 23: 361–373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser F, Baldwin SA, Isaac SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Identification and mutational analysis of amino acid residues involved in dipyridamole interactions with human and Caenorhabditis elegans equilibrative nucleoside transporters. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005a; 280: 11025–11034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser F, Sun L, Damaraju V, Tackaberry T, Peng Y, Robins MJ, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Residues 334 and 338 in transmembrane segment 8 of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 are important determinants of inhibitor sensitivity, protein folding and catalytic turnover. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007; 282: 14148–14157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser F, Vickers MF, Ng AL, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Mutation of residue 33 of human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 alters sensitivity to inhibition of transport by dilazep and dipyridamole. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277: 395–401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser F, Zhang J, Raborn RT, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. Residue 33 of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 is a functionally important component of both the dipyridamole and nucleoside binding sites. Molecular Pharmacology 2005b; 67: 1291–1298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward JL, Leung GP, Toan SV, Tse CM. Functional analysis of site-directed glycosylation mutants of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2003; 411: 19–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo Z-P, Tse C-M. Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells. ENT2 exhibits a low affinity for guanosine and cytidine but a high affinity for inosine. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000; 275: 8375–8381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley JS, Woodruff RK, Jamieson GP, Firkin FC, Sawyer WH. Cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 1987; 17: 379–386
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams JB, Lanahan AA. A mammalian delayed-early response gene encodes HNP36, a novel, conserved nucleolar protein. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1995; 213: 325–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright AM, Gati WP, Paterson AR. Enhancement of retention and cytotoxicity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts by nitrobenzylthioinosine, an inhibitor of equilibrative nucleoside transport. Leukemia 2000; 14: 52–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu SK, Ann DK, Kim KJ, Lee VH. Fine tuning of rabbit equilibrative nucleoside transporter activity by an alternatively spliced variant. Journal of Drug Targeting 2005; 13: 521–533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia L, Engel K, Zhou, Wang J. Membrane localization and pH-dependent transport of a newly cloned organic cation transporter (PMAT) in kidney cells. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology 2006; 292: F682–F690
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao G, Wang J, Tangen T, Giacomini KM. A novel proton-dependent nucleoside transporter, CeCNT3, from Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular Pharmacology 2001; 59: 339–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao SYM, Ng AML, Muzyka WR, Griffiths M, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and NBMPR-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (rENT1 and rENT2) from rat tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997; 272: 28423–28430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao SYM, Ng AML, Sundaram M, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD. Transport of antiviral 3′-deoxy-nucleoside drugs by recombinant human and rat equilibrative, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-insensitive (ENT2) nucleoside transporter proteins produced in Xenopus oocytes. Molecular Membrane Biology 2001; 18: 161–167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao SYM, Ng AML, Vickers MF, Sundaram M, Cass EC, Baldwin SA, Young JD. Functional and molecular characterization of nucleobase transport by recombinant human and rat equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 — chimeric constructs reveal a role for the ENT2 helix 5–6 region in nucleobase translocation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277: 24938–24948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao SYM, Sundaram M, Chomey EG, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD. Identification of Cys140 in helix 4 as an exofacial cysteine residue within the substrate-translocation channel of rat equilibrative nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-insensitive nucleoside transporter rENT2. Biochemical Journal 2001; 353: 387–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young JD, Cheeseman CI, Mackey JR, Cass CE, Baldwin SA. Molecular mechanisms of nucleoside and nucleobase transport. Current Topics in Membranes 2000; 50: 329–378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young JD, Jarvis SM, Clanachan AS, Henderson JF, Paterson ARP. Nitrobenzylthioinosine — an in vivo inhibitor of pig erythrocyte energy metabolism. American Journal of Physiology 1986; 251: C90–C94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young JD, Jarvis SM, Robins MJ, Paterson ARP. Photoaffinity labelling of the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter by N6-(p-azidobenzyl) adenosine and nitrobenzylthioinosine. Evidence that the transporter is a band 4.5 polypeptide. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1983; 258: 2202–2208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young JD, Yao SYM, Cass CE, Baldwin SA. Equilibrative nucleoside transport proteins. Red cell transport in health and disease. Springer, Berlin 2003; 321–337
   Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Visser F, King KM, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE. The role of nucleoside transporters in cancer chemotherapy with nucleoside drugs. Cancer Metastasis Review 2007; 26: 85–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YW, Shepel PN, Peeling J, Geiger JD, Parkinson FE. Effects of nitrobenzylthioinosine on adenosine levels and neuronal injury in rat forebrain ischemia. Neuroscience Research Communications 2002; 30: 83–89
   Google Scholar
• Zhou M, Engel K, Wang J. Evidence for significant contribution of a newly identified monoamine transporter (PMAT) to serotonin uptake in the human brain. Biochemical Pharmacology 2006; 73: 147–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar