Role of hepatitis B virus X repression of C/EBPβ activity in the down-regulation of glutathione S-transferase A2 gene: implications in other phase II detoxifying enzyme expression

References

• Barnabas S, Hai T, Andrisani OM. 1997. The hepatitis B virus X protein enhances the DNA binding potential and transcription efficacy of bZip transcription factors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272:20684–20690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block TM, Mehta AS, Fimmel CJ, Jordan R. 2003. Molecular viral oncology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 22:5093–5107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton MG, Munoz A, Jacobson LP, Groopman JD, Maxuitenko YY, Roebuck BD, Kensler TW. 1993. Transient intervention with oltipraz against aflatoxin-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. Cancer Research 53:3499–3504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck M, Chojkier M. 2003. Signal transduction in the liver: C/EBPβ modulates cell proliferation and survival. Hepatology 37:731–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho IJ, Kim SG. 2003. Oltipraz inhibits 3-methylcholanthrene induction of CYP1A1 by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278:44103–44112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl AM. 1998. Roles of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins in regulation of liver regenerative growth. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273:30843–30846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Serag HB. 2007. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in USA. Hepatology Research 37:S88–S94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frohlich DA, McCabe MT, Arnold RS, Day ML. 2008. The role of Nrf2 in increased reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in prostate tumorigenesis. Oncogene 27:4353–4362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan MM, Hwang L-Y, Hatten CJ, Swaim M, Li D, Abbruzzese JL, Beasley P, Patt YZ. 2002. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: Synergism of alcohol with viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus. Hepatology 36:1206–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinäniemi M, Uski JO, Degenhardt T, Carlberg C. 2007. Meta-analysis of primary target genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Genome Biology 8:R147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Itoh K, Igarashi K, Hayashi N, Nishizawa M, Yamamoto M. 1995. Cloning and characterization of a novel erythroid cell-derived CNC family transcription factor heterodimerizing with the small maf family proteins. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15:4184–4193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaitovitch-Groisman I, Fotouhi-Ardakani N, Schecter RL, Woo A, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Batist G. 2000. Modulation of glutathione S-transferase alpha by hepatitis B virus and the chemopreventive drug oltipraz. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:33395–33403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamalakaran S, Radhakrishnan SK, Beck WT. 2005. Identification of estrogen-responsive genes using a genome-wide analysis of promoter elements for transcription factor binding sites. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280:21491–21497.
   Google Scholar
• Kang KW, Cho IJ, Lee CH, Kim SG. 2003. Essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β activation in the induction of glutathione S-transferase by oltipraz. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 95:53–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang KW, Cho MK, Lee CH, Kim SG. 2001. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt by tert-butylhydroquinone is responsible for antioxidant response element-mediated GSTA2 induction in H4IIE cells. Molecular Pharmacology 59:1147–1156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang KW, Ryu JH, Kim SG. 2000. The essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in the antioxidant response element-mediated GSTA2 induction by decreased glutathione in H4IIE hepatoma cells. Molecular Pharmacology 58:1017–1025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kensler TW. 1997. Chemoprevention by inducers of carcinogen detoxication enzymes. Environmental Health Perspectives 105:965–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kew MC. 2003. Synergistic interaction between aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus in hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver International 23:405–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ki SH, Cho IJ, Choi DW, Kim SG. 2005. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-associated SMRT binding to C/EBPβ TAD and Nrf2 Neh4/5: role of SMRT recruited to GR in GSTA2 gene repression. Molecular and Cellular Biology 25:4150–4165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SG. 1992. Transcriptional regulation of rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene by imidazole antimycotic agents. Molecular Pharmacology 42:273–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SG, Lee SJ. 2007. PI3K, RSK, and mTOR signal networks for the GST gene regulation. Toxicological Sciences 2:206–213.
   Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Kim Y. 2006. Genome-wide prediction of transcriptional regulatory elements of human promoters using gene expression and promoter analysis data. BMC Bioinformatics 7:330.
   Google Scholar
• Kitahara A, Satoh K, Nishimura K, Ishikawa T, Ruike K, Sato K, Tsuda H, Ito N. 1984. Changes in molecular forms of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Research 44:2698–2703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak MK, Egner PA, Dolan PM, Ramos-Gomez M, Groopman JD, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW. 2001. Role of phase 2 enzyme induction in chemoprotection by dithiolethiones. Mutation Research 480:305–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Burroughs A, Bruix J. 2003. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 362:1907–1917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupberger J, Hildt E. 2007. Hepatitis B virus-induced oncogenesis. World Journal of Gastroenterology 13:74–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden CR, Finegold MJ, Slagle BL. 2001. Hepatitis B virus X protein acts as a tumor promoter in development of diethylnitrosamine-induced preneoplastic lesions. Journal of Virology 75:3851–3858.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marrero JA, Fontana RJ, Fu S, Conjeevaram HS, Su GL, Lok AS. 2005. Alcohol, tobacco and obesity are synergistic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Hepatology 42:218–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montalto G, Cervello M, Giannitrapani L, Dantona F, Terranova A, Castagnetta LA. 2002. Epidemiology, risk factors, and natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 963:13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami S. 2001. Hepatitis B virus X protein: a multifunctional viral regulator. Journal of Gastroenterology 36:651–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott M, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B. 2007. Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Apoptosis 12:913–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkin DM, Bray FI, Devesa SS. 2001. Cancer burden in the year 2000. The global picture. European Journal of Cancer 37:S4–S66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimental RA, Liang B, Yee GK, Wilhelmsson A, Poellinger L, Paulson KE. 1993. Dioxin receptor and C/EBP regulate the function of the glutathione S-transferase Ya gene xenobiotic response element. Molecular and Cellular Biology 13:4365–4373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Gomez M, Dolan PM, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW. 2003. Interactive effects of nrf2 genotype and oltipraz on benzo[a]pyrene–DNA adducts and tumor yield in mice. Carcinogenesis 24:461–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Gomez M, Kwak MK, Dolan PM, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Talalay P, Kensler TW. 2001. Sensitivity to carcinogenesis is increased and chemoprotective efficacy of enzyme inducers is lost in nrf2 transcription factor-deficient mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98:3410–3415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao MS, Kokkinakis DM, Subbarao V, Reddy JK. 1987. Peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis: levels of activating and detoxifying enzymes in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by ciprofibrate. Carcinogenesis 8:19–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schrem H, Klempnauer J, Borlak J. 2002. Liver-enriched transcription factors in liver function and development. Part I: The hepatocyte nuclear factor network and liver-specific gene expression. Pharmacological Reviews 54:129–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sell S, Hunt JM, Dunsford HA, Chisari FV. 1991. Synergy between hepatitis B virus expression and chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice. Cancer Research 51:1278–1285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibuya K, Mathers CD, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJ. 2002. Global and regional estimates of cancer mortality and incidence by site: II. Results for the global burden of disease 2000. BMC Cancer 2:37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GJ, Ohl VS, Litwack G. 1977. Ligandin, the glutathione S-transferases, and chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis: A review. Cancer Research 37:8–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang H, Oishi N, Kaneko S, Murakami S. 2006. Molecular functions and biological roles of hepatitis B virus x protein. Cancer Science 97:977–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan T, Yoo D, Berardini TZ, Mueller LA, Weems DC, Weng S, Cherry JM, Rhee SY. 2005. PatMatch: a program for finding patterns in peptide and nucleotide sequences. Nucleic Acids Research 33:W262–W266.
   Google Scholar