References
- Alsenz J, Kansy M. (2007). High throughput solubility measurement in drug discovery and development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:546–67
- Bode H, Brendel E, Ahr G, et al. (1996). Investigation of nifedipine absorption in different regions of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract after simultaneous administration of 13C- and 12C-nifedipine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 50:195–201
- Christians U. (2004). Transport proteins and intestinal metabolism: P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P4503A. Ther Drug Monit 26:104–6
- Doherty MM, Charman WN. (2002). The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism? Clin Pharmacokinet 41:235–53
- Edgar B, Lundborg P, Regardh CG. (1987). Clinical pharmacokinetics of felodipine. A summary. Drugs 34:16–27
- Edsbacker S, Andersson T. (2004). Pharmacokinetics of budesonide (Entocort EC) capsules for Crohn's disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 43:803–21
- Fujieda Y, Yamaoka K, Ito T, Nakagawa T. (1996). Local absorption kinetics of levofloxacin from intestinal tract into portal vein in conscious rat using portal-venous concentration difference. Pharm Res 13:1201–4
- Furukawa T, Nakamori F, Tetsuka K, et al. (2012). Quantitative prediction of intestinal glucuronidation of drugs in rats using in vitro metabolic clearance data. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 27:171–80
- Gao Y, Du Y, Ying Z, et al. (2016). Hepatic, gastric and intestinal first-pass effects of vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 30:111–16
- Greenberg GR. (1994). Budesonide for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Can J Gastroenterol 8:369–72
- Grundy JS, Eliot LA, Foster RT. (1997). Extrahepatic first-pass metabolism of nifedipine in the rat. Biopharm Drug Dispos 18:509–22
- Higuchi S, Shiobara Y. (1980). Comparative pharmacokinetics of nicardipine hydrochloride, a new vasodilator, in various species. Xenobiotica 10:447–54
- Johansson SA, Andersson KE, Brattsand R, et al. (1982). Topical and systemic glucocorticoid potencies of budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate and prednisolone in man. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 122:74–82
- Jonsson G, Astrom A, Andersson P. (1995). Budesonide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes in human liver. Drug Metab Dispos 23:137–42
- Kadono K, Koakutsu A, Naritomi Y, et al. (2014). Comparison of intestinal metabolism of CYP3A substrates between rats and humans: application of portal-systemic concentration difference method. Xenobiotica 44:511–21
- Kim SH, Lee MG. (2002). Pharmacokinetics of ipriflavone, an isoflavone derivative, after intravenous and oral administration to rats hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects. Life Sci 70:1299–315
- Kosaka K, Sakai N, Endo Y, et al. (2011). Impact of intestinal glucuronidation on the pharmacokinetics of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos 39:1495–502
- Kuze J, Mutoh T, Takenaka T, et al. (2009). Separate evaluation of intestinal and hepatic metabolism of three benzodiazepines in rats with cannulated portal and jugular veins: comparison with the profile in non-cannulated mice. Xenobiotica 39:871–80
- Lin JH, Chiba M, Baillie TA. (1999). Is the role of the small intestine in first-pass metabolism overemphasized? Pharmacol Rev 51:135–58
- Lundin PDP, Edsbacker S, Bergstrand M, et al. (2003). Pharmacokinetics of budesonide controlled ileal release capsules in children and adults with active Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 17:85–92
- Madgula VL, Avula B, Choi YW, et al. (2008). Transport of Schisandra chinensis extract and its biologically-active constituents across Caco-2 cell monolayers - an in-vitro model of intestinal transport. J Pharm Pharmacol 60:363–70
- Matsuda Y, Konno Y, Satsukawa M, et al. (2012). Assessment of intestinal availability of various drugs in the oral absorption process using portal vein-cannulated rats. Drug Metab Dispos 40:2231–8
- Matsuda Y, Konno Y, Hashimoto T, et al. (2015). Quantitative assessment of intestinal first-pass metabolism of oral drugs using portal-vein cannulated rats. Pharm Res 32:604–16
- Murakami T, Nakanishi M, Yoshimori T, et al. (2003). Separate assessment of intestinal and hepatic first-pass effects using a rat model with double cannulation of the portal and jugular veins. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 18:252–60
- Nickerson DF, Toler SM. (1997). Intraperitoneal and intraportal administration of droloxifene to the Sprague-Dawley rat: assessing the first-pass effect. Xenobiotica 27:627–32
- Ryrfeldt A, Andersson P, Edsbacker S, et al. (1982). Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of budesonide, a selective glucocorticoid. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 122:86–95
- Seidegard J, Nyberg L, Borga O. (2008). Presystemic elimination of budesonide in man when administered locally at different levels in the gut, with and without local inhibition by ketoconazole. Eur J Pharm Sci 35:264–70
- Seidegard J, Nyberg L, Borga O. (2012). Differentiating mucosal and hepatic metabolism of budesonide by local pretreatment with increasing doses of ketoconazole in the proximal jejunum. Eur J Pharm Sci 46:530–6
- Torres-Molina F, Peris JE, García-Carbonell MC, et al. (1996). Use of rats chronically cannulated in the jugular vein and the duodenum in pharmacokinetic studies. Effect of ether anesthesia on absorption of amoxicillin. Arzneimittelforschung 46:716–19
- Upton RA. (1975). Simple and reliable method for serial sampling of blood from rats. J Pharm Sci 64:112–14