Publication Cover
Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 53, 2023 - Issue 4
147
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Molecular Toxicology

Biochemical responses of the mussel Perna perna after exposure to environmental concentrations of the UV filter Benzophenone-3

, , , , , ORCID Icon, , , , & show all
Pages 309-319 | Received 27 Apr 2023, Accepted 30 Jun 2023, Published online: 21 Jul 2023

References

  • Aznar R, Albero B, Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Martín-Girela I, Tadeo JL. 2017. Simultaneous determination of multiclass emerging contaminants in aquatic plants by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and GC-MS. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 24(9):7911–7920. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6327-8.
  • Bainy ACD, Almeida EA, Müller IC, Ventura EC, Medeiros ID. 2000. Biochemical responses in farmed mussel Perna perna transplanted to contaminated sites on Santa Catarina Island, SC, Brazil. Mar Environ Res. 50(1-5):411–416. doi:10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00039-8.
  • Balmer ME, Buser HR, Müller MD, Poiger T. 2005. Occurrence of some organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish from Swiss lakes. Environ Sci Technol. 39(4):953–962. doi:10.1021/es040055r.
  • Bargar TA, Alvarez DA, Garrison VH. 2015. Synthetic ultraviolet light filtering chemical contamination of coastal waters of Virgin Islands national park, St. John, US Virgin Islands. Mar Pollut Bull. 101(1):193–199. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.077.
  • Bastolla CL, Saldaña-Serrano M, Lima D, Mattos JJ, Gomes CH, Cella H, Righetti BP, Ferreira CP, Zacchi FL, Bícego MC, et al. 2022. Molecular changes in oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) from aquaculture areas of Santa Catarina Island bays (Florianópolis, Brazil) reveal anthropogenic effects. Chemosphere. 307:135735.doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135735.
  • Bastolla CLV. 2019. RESPOSTAS BIOQUÍMICAS EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE OSTRAS DO GÊNERO Crassostrea (Sacco, 1897) EXPOSTAS A CRISENO [Dissertação. (Mestrado em aquicultura) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC. [Biochemical responses of three oyster species from the genus Crassostrea (Sacco, 1897) exposed to chrysene. Master’s thesis]. Florianópolis (SC): Federal University of Santa Catarina.]. Brazilian Portuguese.
  • Beliaeff B, Burgeot T. 2002. Integrated biomarker response: a useful tool for ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem. 21 (6):1316–1322. doi:10.1002/etc.5620210629.
  • Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Salvador A, Sánchez-Quiles D, Tovar-Sánchez A. 2014. Determination of UV filters in both soluble and particulate fractions of seawaters by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 812:50–58. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.033.
  • Bordalo D, Leite C, Almeida Â, Soares AM, Pretti C, Freitas R. 2020. Impacts of UV filters in Mytilus galloprovincialis: preliminary data on the acute effects induced by environmentally relevant concentrations. Sustainability. 12(17):6852. doi:10.3390/su12176852.
  • Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 72(1-2):248–254. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
  • Bratkovics S, Sapozhnikova Y. 2011. Determination of seven commonly used organic UV filters in fresh and saline waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Methods. 3(12):2943–2950. doi:10.1039/c1ay05390f.
  • Carlberg I, Mannervik B. 1985. Glutathione reductase. In: Methods in Enzymology. Cambridge (MA): Academic Press. 113:p. 484–490.
  • Chen T-H, Wu Y-T, Ding W-H. 2016. UV-filter benzophenone-3 inhibits agonistic behavior in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Ecotoxicology. 25(2):302–309. doi:10.1007/s10646-015-1588-4.
  • City of Key West 2018. Ordinance 18–3253 amending chapter 26 sun‑screen. Key West (FL): City Commission. [accessed on 2021, Apr 21]. http://www.ordinancewatch.com/files/82613/LocalGovernment125476.pdf.
  • Conway AJ, Gonsior M, Clark C, Heyes A, Mitchelmore CL. 2021. Acute toxicity of the UV filter oxybenzone to the coral Galaxea fascicularis. Sci Total Environ. 796:148666. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148666.
  • [DNM] Department of Nature and Environment Aruba 2019. Environmental unfriendly products will be banned starting July 1, 2020. [accessed on 2021, Apr 21]. https://www.government.aw/news/news_47033/item/environmental-unfriendly-products-will-be-banned-starting-july-1-2020_51844.html.
  • Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Segal R, Fauth J, Knutson S, Bronstein O, Ciner FR, Jeger R, Lichtenfeld Y, Woodley CM, et al. 2016. Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), on coral planulae and cultured primary cells and its environmental contamination in Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 70(2):265–288. doi:10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7.
  • Downs CA, DiNardo JC, Stien D, Rodrigues AM, Lebaron P. 2021. Benzophenone accumulates over time from the degradation of octocrylene in commercial sunscreen products. Chem Res Toxicol. 34(4):1046–1054. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00461.
  • Downs CA, Cruz OT, Remengesau TE. Jr 2022. Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism. Aquat Conserv. 32(5):896–906. ()doi:10.1002/aqc.3791.
  • Emnet P, Gaw S, Northcott G, Storey B, Graham L. 2015. Personal care products and steroid hormones in the Antarctic coastal environment associated with two Antarctic research stations, McMurdo Station and Scott Base. Environ Res. 136:331–342. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.019.
  • Falfushynska HI, Wu F, Ye F, Kasianchuk N, Dutta J, Dobretsov S, Sokolova IM. 2019. The effects of ZnO nanostructures of different morphology on bioenergetics and stress response biomarkers of the blue mussels Mytilus edulis. Sci Total Environ. 694:133717.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133717.
  • Fent K, Zenker A, Rapp M. 2010. Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland. Environ Pollut. 158(5):1817–1824. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.005.
  • Ferreira CP, Piazza TB, Souza P, Lima D, Mattos JJ, Saldaña-Serrano M, Piazza RS, Jorge MB, Bianchini A, Taniguchi S, et al. 2021. Integrated biomarker responses in oysters Crassostrea gasar as an approach for assessing aquatic pollution of a Brazilian estuary. Mar Environ Res. 165:105252.doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105252.
  • Ferreira CP, Lima D, Paiva R, Vilke JM, Mattos JJ, Almeida EA, Grott SC, Alves TC, Corrêa JN, Jorge MB, et al. 2019. Metal bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in oysters Crassostrea gasar transplanted to an estuary in southern Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 685:332–344. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.384.
  • Gago-Ferrero P, Alonso MB, Bertozzi CP, Marigo J, Barbosa L, Cremer M, Secchi ER, Azevedo A, Lailson-Brito J, Jr, Torres JPM, et al. 2013a. First determination of UV filters in marine mammals. Octocrylene levels in Franciscana dolphins. Environ Sci Technol. 47(11):5619–5625. doi:10.1021/es400675y.
  • Gago-Ferrero P, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. 2013b. Multi-residue method for trace level determination of UV filters in fish based on pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1286:93–101. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.056.
  • Giokas DL, Salvador A, Chisvert A. 2007. UV filters: from sunscreens to the human body and the environment. Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 26(5):360–374. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2007.02.012.
  • Glanz K, Kwong PL, Avelis J, Cassel K. 2022. Development of a Survey of Sunscreen Use and Attitudes among Adults in Two Coastal States, 2019. IJERPH. 19(5):2677. doi:10.3390/ijerph19052677.
  • Glock GE, McLean P. 1953. Further studies on the properties and assay of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of rat liver. Biochem J. 55(3):400–408. doi:10.1042/bj0550400.
  • Groz MP, Martinez Bueno MJ, Rosain D, Fenet H, Casellas C, Pereira C, Maria V, Bebianno MJ, Gomez E. 2014. Detection of emerging contaminants (UV filters, UV stabilizers and musks) in marine mussels from Portuguese coast by QuEChERS extraction and GC–MS/MS. Sci Total Environ. 493:162–169. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.062.
  • Hawaii 2018. Senate Act 2571. [accessed on 2021, Apr 21,]. https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2018/bills/SB2571_.HTM.
  • He K, Timm A, Blaney L. 2017. Simultaneous determination of UV-filters and estrogens in aquatic invertebrates by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1509:91–101. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.039.
  • He K, Hain E, Timm A, Tarnowski M, Blaney L. 2019. Occurrence of antibiotics, estrogenic hormones, and UV-filters in water, sediment, and oyster tissue from the Chesapeake Bay. Sci Total Environ. 650(Pt 2):3101–3109. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.021.
  • Hellou J, Ross NW, Moon TW. 2012. Glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione conjugates, complementary markers of oxidative stress in aquatic biota. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 19(6):2007–2023. doi:10.1007/s11356-012-0909-x.
  • Jeon HK, Sarma SN, Kim YJ, Ryu JC. 2008. Toxicokinetics and metabolisms of benzophenone-type UV filters in rats. Toxicology. 248(2-3):89–95. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2008.02.009.
  • Keen JH, Habig WH, Jakoby WB. 1976. Mechanism for the several activities of the glutathione S-transferases. J Biol Chem. 251(20):6183–6188.
  • Kung TA, Lee SH, Yang TC, Wang WH. 2018. Survey of selected personal care products in surface water of coral reefs in Kenting National Park, Taiwan. Sci Total Environ. 635:1302–1307. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.115.
  • Kunz PY, Fent K. 2006. Estrogenic activity of UV filter mixtures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 217(1):86–99. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.07.014.
  • Li Y, Qiao X, Zhou C, Zhang YN, Fu Z, Chen J. 2016. Photochemical transformation of sunscreen agent benzophenone-3 and its metabolite in surface freshwater and seawater. Chemosphere. 153:494–499. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.080.
  • Lima ÉS, Abdalla DSP. 2001. Peroxidação Lipídica: mecanismos e avaliação em amostras biológicas. [Lipid peroxidation: mechanisms and evaluation in biological samples]. Braz J Pharm Sci. 37(3):293–303. Brazilian Portuguese.
  • Liu YS, Ying GG, Shareef A, Kookana RS. 2011. Photostability of the UV filter benzophenone-3 and its effect on the photodegradation of benzotriazole in water. Environ Chem. 8(6):581–588. doi:10.1071/EN11068.
  • Lopes FC, Castro MR, Barbosa SC, Primel EG, Martins CDMG. 2020. Effect of the UV filter, benzophenone-3, on biomarkers of the yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides) under different pH conditions. Mar Pollut Bull. 158:111401. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111401.
  • Lopes FC, Castro MR, Patrocinio GTA, Silveira Guerreiro A, Barbosa SC, Primel EG, Martins CDMG. 2022. Detoxification and effects of the UV filter Benzophenone-3 in the digestive gland and hemocytes of yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides) under a perspective of global warming scenario. Mar Pollut Bull. 185:114188. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114188.
  • Mao F, He Y, Gin KYH. 2020. Antioxidant responses in cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa caused by two commonly used UV filters, benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-3, at environmentally relevant concentrations. J Hazard Mater. 396:122587. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122587.
  • Marenzi AWC, Joaquim B. 2005. The mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in culture at the Armação of the Itapocory, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rev Bras Zool. 22(2):394–399. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752005000200013.
  • Molins-Delgado D, Máñez M, Andreu A, Hiraldo F, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, Díaz-Cruz MS. 2017. A potential new threat to wild life: presence of UV filters in bird eggs from a preserved area. Environ Sci Technol. 51(19):10983–10990. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b03300.
  • Molins-Delgado D, Muñoz R, Nogueira S, Alonso MB, Torres JP, Malm O, Ziolli RL, Hauser-Davis RA, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, et al. 2018. Occurrence of organic UV filters and metabolites in lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) from Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 618:451–459. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.033.
  • Narla S, Lim HW. 2020. Sunscreen: FDA regulation, and environmental and health impact. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 19(1):66–70. doi:10.1039/c9pp00366e.
  • O'Donovan S, Mestre NC, Abel S, Fonseca TG, Carteny CC, Willems T, Prinsen E, Cormier B, Keiter SS, Bebianno MJ. 2020. Effects of the UV filter, oxybenzone, adsorbed to microplastics in the clam Scrobicularia plana. Sci Total Environ. 733:139102. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139102.
  • [OECD] Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2010. Environment Health and Safety Publications. Environ Health Saf Publ. Ser Test Asses. 121:182.
  • Oliveira M, Maria VL, Ahmad I, Serafim A, Bebianno MJ, Pacheco M, Santos MA. 2009. Contamination assessment of a coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) using defence and damage biochemical indicators in gill of Liza aurata – an integrated biomarker approach. Environ Pollut. 157(3):959–967. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.10.019.
  • dos Santos Barbosa Ortega A, Maranho LA, Nobre CR, Moreno BB, Guimarães RS, Lebre DT, de Souza Abessa DM, Ribeiro DA, Pereira CDS. 2019. Detoxification, oxidative stress, and cytogenotoxicity of crack cocaine in the brown mussel Perna perna. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 26(27):27569–27578. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1600-7.
  • Paredes E, Pérez S, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Beiras R. 2014. Ecotoxicological evaluation of four UV filters using marine organisms from different trophic levels Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Paracentrotus lividus, and Siriella armata. Chemosphere. 104:44–50. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.053.
  • Regoli F, Giuliani ME, Benedetti M, Arukwe A. 2011. Molecular and biochemical biomarkers in environmental monitoring: a comparison of biotransformation and antioxidant defense systems in multiple tissues. Aquat Toxicol. 105(3-4 Suppl):56–66. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.06.014.
  • Regoli F, Giuliani ME. 2014. Oxidative pathways of chemical toxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers in marine organisms. Mar Environ Res. 93:106–117. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.07.006.
  • Republic Of P. 2018. Senate Bill No. 10–135, SD1, HD1. The Responsible Tourism Education Act of 2018. [accessed on 2021, Apr 21]. https://www.palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RPPL-No.-10-30-re.-The-Responsible-Tourism-Education-Act-of-2018.pdf.
  • Rodríguez-Fuentes G, Sandoval-Gío JJ, Arroyo-Silva A, Noreña-Barroso E, Escalante-Herrera KS, Olvera-Espinosa F. 2015. Evaluation of the estrogenic and oxidative stress effects of the UV filter 3-benzophenone in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleuthero-embryos. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 115:14–18. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.033.
  • Sáenz LA, Seibert EL, Zanette J, Fiedler HD, Curtius AJ, Ferreira JF, Alves de Almeida E, Marques MRF, Bainy ACD. 2010. Biochemical biomarkers and metals in Perna perna mussels from mariculture zones of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 73(5):796–804. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.015.
  • Sanchez W, Burgeot T, Porcher JM. 2013. A novel “Integrated Biomarker Response” calculation based on reference deviation concept. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 20(5):2721–2725. doi:10.1007/s11356-012-1359-1.
  • Sánchez-Quiles D, Tovar-Sánchez A. 2015. Are sunscreens a new environmental risk associated with coastal tourism? Environ Int. 83:158–170. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.007.
  • Sandoval-Gío JJ, Noreña-Barroso E, Escalante-Herrera K, Rodríguez-Fuentes G. 2021. Effect of Benzophenone-3 to Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant System in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 107(5):814–819. doi:10.1007/s00128-021-03277-6.
  • Scheele A, Sutter K, Karatum O, Danley-Thomson AA, Redfern LK. 2023. Environmental impacts of the ultraviolet filter oxybenzone. Sci Total Environ. 863:160966. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160966.
  • Schlecht C, Klammer H, Jarry H, Wuttke W. 2004. Effects of estradiol, benzophenone-2 and benzophenone-3 on the expression pattern of the estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta, the estrogen receptor-related receptor 1 (ERR1) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in adult ovariectomized rats. Toxicology. 205(1-2):123–130. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.044.
  • Schlumpf M, Schmid P, Durrer S, Conscience M, Maerkel K, Henseler M, Gruetter M, Herzog I, Reolon S, Ceccatelli R, et al. 2004. Endocrine activity and developmental toxicity of cosmetic UV filters—an update. Toxicology. 205(1-2):113–122. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.043.
  • Suplicy FM. 2017. CULTIVO DE MEXILHÕES: SISTEMA CONTÍNUO E MECANIZADO. [Mussel farming: continuous and mechanized system]. Epagri, Florianópolis. p. 13–19. Brazilian Portuguese.
  • Sureda A, Capó X, Busquets-Cortés C, Tejada S. 2018. Acute exposure to sunscreen containing titanium induces an adaptive response and oxidative stress in Mytillus galloprovincialis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 149:58–63. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.014.
  • Tarazona I, Chisvert A, León Z, Salvador A. 2010. Determination of hydroxylated benzophenone UV filters in sea water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1217(29):4771–4778. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.047.
  • Thorel E, Clergeaud F, Jaugeon L, Rodrigues AM, Lucas J, Stien D, Lebaron P. 2020. Effect of 10 UV Filters on the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina and the Marine Microalga Tetraselmis sp. Effect of 10 UV Filters on the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina and the Marine Microalga Tetraselmis sp. Toxics. 8(2):29. doi:10.3390/toxics8020029.
  • Tovar-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Quiles D, Basterretxea G, Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Salvador A, Moreno-Garrido I, Blasco J. 2013. Sunscreen products as emerging pollutants to coastal waters. PLoS One. 8(6):e65451. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065451.
  • Tsui MMP, Leung HW, Wai T-C, Yamashita N, Taniyasu S, Liu W, Lam PKS, Murphy MB. 2014. Occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment of multiple classes of UV filters in surface waters from different countries. Water Res. 67:55–65. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.013.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity Database. [accessed on 2021 Aug 21]. https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/distributed-structure-searchable-toxicity-dsstox-database.
  • U S Virgins Island 2019. Details of Bill No. 33-0043/Act No. 8185. Act n° 8185. Bill No. 33–0043. Thirty-Third Legislature of the Virgin Islands. Regular Session 2019. [accessed on 2021 Apr 21]. https://www.legvi.org/billtracking/ShowPDF.aspx?num=8185&type=Act.
  • Valavanidis A, Vlahogianni T, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M. 2006. Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 64(2):178–189. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.013.
  • Van der Oost R, Beyer J, Vermeulen NP. 2003. Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 13(2):57–149. doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(02)00126-6.
  • Vidal-Liñán L, Villaverde-de-Sáa E, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Beiras R. 2018. Bioaccumulation of UV filters in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel. Chemosphere. 190:267–271. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.144.
  • Vila M, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T, Llompart M. 2016. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of UV filters in water. Microchem J. 124:530–539. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2015.09.023.
  • Vione D, Caringella R, Laurentiis E, Pazzi M, Minero C. 2013. Phototransformation of the sunlight filter benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) under conditions relevant to surface waters. Sci Total Environ. 463-464:243–251. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.090.
  • Wendel A. 1981. Glutathione peroxidase. In Methods in enzymology. Academic Press. 77:p. 325–333. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(81)77046-0.
  • Wijgerde T, Van Ballegooijen M, Nijland R, Van Der Loos L, Kwadijk C, Osinga R, Murk A, Slijkerman D. 2020. Adding insult to injury: effects of chronic oxybenzone exposure and elevated temperature on two reef-building corals. Sci Total Environ. 733:139030. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139030.
  • Xue J, Liu W, Kannan K. 2017. Bisphenols, benzophenones, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers in textiles and infant clothing. Environ Sci Technol. 51(9):5279–5286. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00701.
  • Zanette J, de Almeida EA, da Silva AZ, Guzenski J, Ferreira JF, Di Mascio P, Marques MRF, Bainy ACD. 2011. Salinity influences glutathione S-transferase activity and lipid peroxidation responses in the Crassostrea gigas oyster exposed to diesel oil. Sci Total Environ. 409(10):1976–1983. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.048.
  • Zenker A, Schmutz H, Fent K. 2008. Simultaneous trace determination of nine organic UV-absorbing compounds (UV filters) in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A. 1202(1):64–74. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.041.
  • Zhang Y, Shah P, Wu F, Liu P, You J, Goss G. 2021. Potentiation of lethal and sub-lethal effects of benzophenone and oxybenzone by UV light in zebrafish embryos. Aquat Toxicol. 235:105835. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105835.
  • Zhong X, Downs CA, Che X, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu B, Li Q, Li Y, Gao H. 2019. The toxicological effects of oxybenzone, an active ingredient in sunscreen personal care products, on prokaryotic alga Arthrospira sp. and eukaryotic alga Chlorella sp. Aquat Toxicol. 216:105295. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105295.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.