Effect of diet on the urinary excretion of hippuric acid and other dietary-derived aromatics in rat. A complex interaction between diet, gut microflora and substrate specificity

References

• ANGERER, J. and HöRscH, B. 1992, Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites in human blood and urine. journal of Chromatography, 580,229–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANTHONY, M. L., SWEATMAN, B. C., BEDDELL, C. R., LINDON J. C. and NICHOLSON, J. K. 1994, Pattern recognition classification of the site of nephrotoxicity based on metabolic data derived from proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of urine. Molecular Pharmacology, 46,199–211.
   Google Scholar
• ANTHONY, M. L., McDowELL, P. C. R., GRAY, T. J. B., BLACKMORE, M. and NICHOLSON, J. K. 1996, 1H NMR spectroscopic studies on the characterisation of renal cell lines and identification of novel potential markers of in vitro nephrotoxicity. Biontarkers, 1,35–43.
   Google Scholar
• BABA, S., FURUTA, T., FUHOICA, M. and GOROMARU, T. 1983, Studies on drug metabolism by use of isotopes XXVII: Urinary metabolites of rutin in rats and the role of intestinal microflora in the metabolism of rutin. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72,1155–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAIN, K. and SKILLETER, D. N. 1989, Preparation and use of mitochondria in toxicological research. In Biochemical Toxicology, edited by K. Snell and B. Mullock (Oxford: IRL Press), pp. 217–254.
   Google Scholar
• DACRE, J. C. and WILLIAMS, R. T. 1968, The role of the tissues and gut micro-organisms in the metabolism of ['4C] protocatechuic acid in the rat. Aromatic dehydroxylation. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 20,610–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAS, N. P. and GRIFFITHS, L. A. 1969, Studies on flavonoid metabolism: metabolism of ( + )4'4 C] catechin in the rat and guinea pig. Biochemical Journal, 115,831–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FINKLE, B. J. J., LEWIS, C., CORSE, J. V. and LUNDIN, R. E. 1962, Enzyme reactions with phenolic compounds: formation of hydroxystyrenes through the decarboxylation of 4-hydroxycinnamic acids by Aerobacter. . Journal of Biological Chemistry, 237,2926–2931.
   Google Scholar
• GOODWIN, B. J., RUTHVEN, C. R. J. and SANDLER, M., 1994, Gut flora and the origin of some urinary aromatic phenolic compounds. Biochemical Pharmacology, 47,2294–2297.
   Google Scholar
• GREGUS, Z., FEKETE, T., HXLA'szi, E. and KLAASSEN, C. D. 1996, Lipoic acid impairs glycine conjugation of benzoic acid and renal excretion of benzoylglycine. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 24, 682–688.
   Google Scholar
• GREGUS, Z., FEKETE, T., VARGA, F. and KLAASSEN, C. D. 1992, Availability of glycine and coenzyme A limits glycine conjugation in vivo. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 20,234–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREGUS, Z., FEKETE, T., VARGA, F. and KLAASSEN, C. D. 1993, Dependence of glycine conjugation on availability of glycine: role of the glycine cleavage system. Xenobiotica, 23,141–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HACKETT, A. M., GRIFFITHS, L. A., BRIOLLET, A. and WERMEILLE, M. 1983, The metabolism and excretion of (+ )4'4 C]cyanidano1-3 in man following oral administration. Xenobiotica, 13, 279–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUTT, A. J. and CALDWELL, J. 1990, Amino acid conjugation. In Conjugation reactions in drug metabolism: An integrated approach. edited by G. J. Mulder (London: Taylor & Francis), pp. 273–305.
   Google Scholar
• KASUYA, F., IGARASHI, K., Fulcui, M. and NOKIHARA, K. 1996, Purification and characterisation of a medium chain acyl-Coenzyme A synthetase. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 24,879–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOWRY, J. B., SUMPTER, E. A., MCSWEENEY, C. S., SCHLINK, A. C. and BOWDEN, B. 1993, Phenolic acids in the fibre of some tropical grasses, effect on feed quality, and their metabolism by sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 44,1123–1133.
   Google Scholar
• MARTIN, A. K. 1982, The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants 2. The metabolism of phenolic cinnamic acids to benzoic acid. British Journal of Nutrition, 47,155–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MULDER, G. J. 1990, Glucuronidation. In Conjugation reactions in drug metabolism: An integrated approach, edited by G. J. Mulder (London: Taylor & Francis), pp. 41–49.
   Google Scholar
• NANDI, D. L., LUCAS, S. V. and WEBSTER, L. T. (1979), Benzoyl-Coenzyme A: glycine N-acyltransfe rase from bovine liver mitochondria. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 254,7230–7237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PHIPPS, A. N., STEWART, J., WRIGHT, B. and WILSON, I. D. 1997, Uses of proton NMR for determining changes in metabolite excretion profiles induced by dietary changes in rat. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3,143–146.
   Google Scholar
• SAKAI, T., TAKADATE, A. and OTAGIRI, M. 1995, Characterisation of binding site of uremic toxins on human serum albumin. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 18,1755–1761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHELINE, R. R. 1968, Metabolism of phenolic acids by the rat intestinal microflora. Acta Pharmacology et Toxicology, 26,189–205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHELINE, R. R. 1978, Mammalian metabolism of plant xenobiotks. edited by R. R. Scheline (New York: Academic).
   Google Scholar
• TREMBLAY, G. C. and QURESHI, I. A. 1993, The biochemistry and toxicology of benzoic acid metabolism and its relationship to the elimination of waste nitrogen. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 60, 63–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar