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Symposium: Restrictive Syndromes in Strabismus

Duane Syndrome: Associated Anomalies

Pages 15-17 | Published online: 05 Apr 2018

References

  • Duane A: Congenital deficiency of abduction associated with impairment of adduction, retraction movements, contraction of the palpebral fissure and oblique movements of the eye. Arch Ophthalmol 1905; 34: 133–159.
  • Mattson R: Bilateral epibulbar lipodermoids and eyelid colobomas, caruncular malformation, anterior polar cataract, abductional insufficiency and acquired conjunctival cyst in same patient. Acta Ophthalmol 1947; 25: 321–323.
  • Wildervanck LS: En yeval van aandoening van Kippel-Feil gecominiteed met abducens paralyse, retractie bulfi en doorfstmeherd. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1960; 104: 2600–2605.
  • Cross HE, Pfaffenbach DD: Duane's retraction syndrome and associated congenital malformations. Am J Ophthalmol 1972; 70: 442–449.
  • Alexander JC: Ocular abnormalities among congenitally deaf children. Can J Ophthalmol 1973; 8: 428.
  • Jay WM, Hoyt CS: Abnormal brain stem auditory-evoked potentials in Stilling-Turk-Duane retraction syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1980; 89: 814–818.
  • Lenz W, Knapp K: Die thalidomide-embryopathie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1962; 87: 1232–1242.
  • Miller M: Thalidomide embryopathy: A model for the study of congenital incomitant horizontal strabismus. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1991; 89:623–74.

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