Binocular Vision: Development and Evaluation in the Pre-Verbal Child

References

• Flynn JT: Vestibulo-optokinetic interaction in strabismus. Am Orthopt J 1982; 32:36–47.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman DW: Richard G. Scobee: 1914–1952. Am Orthopt J 1952; 2:58–59.
   Google Scholar
• Scobee RG, Green EL: Further Studies in the relationship between heterophoria and prism vergence. Am J Ophthalmol 401–404.
   Google Scholar
• Hubel DH, Wiesel TN: Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat's striate cortex. J Physiol 1959; 148:574–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel DH, Wiesel TN: Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. J Physiol 1962; 160:106–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel DH, Wiesel TN: Receptive fields of cells in striate cortex of very young, visually inexperienced kittens. J Neurophysiol 1963; 26:994–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiesel TN, Hubel DH: Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye. J Neurophysiol 1963; 26:1003–1017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel DH, Wiesel TN: Binocular interaction in striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint. J Neurophysiol 1965; 28:1041–1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel DH, Wiesel TN: Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J Physiol 1968; 195:215–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford MLJ, Blake R, Cool SJ, von Noorden GK: Physiological consequences of unilateral and bilateral eye closure in macaque monkeys. Brain Res 1975; 84:150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford MLJ, Smith EL III, Harwerth RS, von Noorden GK: Stereoblind monkeys have few binocular neurons. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984; 25:779–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Held R, Birch EE, Gwiazda J: Stereoacuity of human infants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980; 77:5572–5574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch EE, Gwiazda J, Held R: Stereoacuity development for crossed and uncrossed disparities in human infants. Vision Res 1982; 22:507–513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teller DY: Scotopic vision, color vision, and stereopsis in infants. Curr Eye Res 1982; 2:199–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braddick O, Atkinson J, Julesz B, Kropfl W: Cortical binocularity in infants. Nature 1980; 288:363–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch EE: Stereopsis in infants and its developmental relation to visual acuity, in Simons K (ed) Early Visual Development, Normal and Abnormal, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993; pp. 224–236.
   Google Scholar
• Levy NS, Glick EB: Stereoscopic perception and Snellen visual acuity. Am J Ophthalmol 1974; 78:722–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch EE, Hale LA: Criteria for monocular acuity deficit in infancy and early childhood. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1988; 29:636–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch EE, Gwiazda J, Held R: The development of vergence does not account for the onset of stereopsis. Perception 1983; 12:331–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Vay S, Wiesel TN, Hubel DH: The development of ocular dominance columns in normal and visually deprived monkeys. J Comp Neurol 1980; 161:1–51.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson HR: Development of spatiotemporal mechanisms in the human infant. Vision Res 1988; 28:611–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huttenlocher PR, de Courten C, Garey LJ, van der Loos H: Synaptogenesis in human visual cortex—Evidence for synapse elimination during normal development. Neurosci 1982; 33:247–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Held R: Development of binocular vision and stereopsis. in Regan D (ed) Binocular Vision, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1991; pp 170–178.
   Google Scholar
• Shimojo S: Development of interocular vision in infants, in Simons K (ed) Early Visual Development, Normal and Abnormal, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993; pp 201–223.
   Google Scholar
• Held R: Binocular vision—Behavioral and neural development, in Mehler V, Fox R, (eds) Neonate Cognition: Beyond the Blooming, Buzzing Confusion Hillsdale, N.J., Erlbaum, 1985; pp. 37–44.
   Google Scholar
• Birch EE, Stager DR: Monocular acuity and stereopsis in infantile esotropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985; 26:1624–1630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan M, Regan D: A frequency domain technique for characterizing nonlinearities in biological systems J Theor Biol 1988; 133:293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baitch L, Ridder WH III, Harwerth RS, Smith EL III: Binocular beat VEP's: Losses of cortical binocularity in monkeys reared with abnormal visual experience. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991; 32:3096–3103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baitch L, Levi D: Evidence for nonlinear binocular interactions in human visual cortex. Vision Res 1988; 28:1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarf B, Eizenman M, Katz LM, Bachynski B, Klein R: A new VEP system for studying binocular single vision in human infants. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993; 30:237–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• France TD, Ver Hoeve JN: VECP evidence for binocular function in infantile esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1994; 31:225–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ing M: Early surgical alignment for congenital esotropia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1981; 79:625.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parks MM: The monofixation syndrome. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1969; 67:609–657.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Struck MC, Ver Hoeve JN, France TD: Binocular cortical interactions in the monofixation syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, In Press
   Google Scholar
• Wright KW, Edelman PM, McVey JH, Terry AP, Lin M: High-grade stereo acuity after early surgery for congenital esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112:913–919.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar