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American Orthoptic Journal Volume 46, 1996 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Success of Motor Alignment in Exotropia Treated with Botulinum Toxin versus Surgery

Edward G. BuckleyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.;Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.
, M.D.,
Judy SeaberDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.
, Ph.D. &
Eva TsironisDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.
, M.D.
Pages 127-132 | Published online: 05 Apr 2018

References

  • Biglan AW, Bernstine RA, Rogers GL, Saunders RA: Management of strabismus with botulinum A toxin. Ophthalmology 1989; 96:935–943.
  • Magoon EH: Chemodenervation of strabismic children. Ophthalmology 1989; 96:931.
  • Magoon EH: Botulinum toxin chemodenervation for strabismus in infants and children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1984; 21:110–113.
  • Scott AB, Rosenbaum A, Collins CC: Pharmacologic weakening of extraocular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1973; 12:924–927.
  • Scott AB: Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery. Ophthalmology 1980; 87:1044–1049.
  • Buckley EG, Shields MB: Strabismus and Glaucoma Surgery. Vol III. St. Louis, Mosby, 1995.
  • Bernstein JM, Lee JP: Botulinum toxin: An alternative to surgery in symptomatic exodeviations. Br Orthopt J 47:31, 1990.
  • Elston JS, Lee JP, Powell CM, Hogg C, Clark P: Treatment of strabismus in adults with botulinum toxin A. Br J Ophthalmol 1985; 69:718–724.
  • Flanders M, Tischler A, Wise J, Williams F, Beneish R, Auger N: Injection of type A botulinum toxin into extraocular muscles for correction of strabismus. Can J Ophthalmol 1987; 22:212–217.
  • Pratt-Johnson JA, Barlow JM, Tillson G: Early surgery in intermittent exotropia. Am J Ophthalmol 1977; 84:689–694.
  • Hardesty HH, Boynton JR, Kennan JP: Treatment of intermittent exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1978; 96:268–274.
  • Clarke WN, Noel LP: Surgical results in intermittent exotropia. Can J Ophthalmol 1981; 16:66–69.
  • Newman J, Mazow ML: Intermittent exotropia: Is surgery necessary? Ophthalmic Surg 1981; 12:199.
  • Weinstein GS, Biglan AW, Hiles DA: Postoperative residual small angle exodeviations. Ophthalmic Surg 1982; 13:478–482.
  • Richard JM, Parks MM: Intermittent exotropia surgical results in different age groups. Ophthalmology 1983; 90:1172–1177.
  • Flax N, Selenow A: Results of surgical treatment of intermittent divergent strabismus. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1985; 62:100–104.
  • Scott AB, Mash J, Jampolsky A: Quantitative guidelines for exotropia surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1975; 14:428–436.

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